Drug use in the management of uncomplicated malaria in public health facilities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Background: Despite progress made so far in identifying intervention models to improve drug use, irrational use of drugs has remained a serious global health problem. The study intends to determine the effectiveness of an educational intervention on rational prescribing among prescribers in selected local government areas of Rivers State. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study that measured the effect of educational intervention on rational prescribing of drugs among prescribers in public health facilities in two selected Local Government Areas (LGA) of Rivers State: Ikwerre LGA (KELGA) which served as the control and Port Harcourt LGA (PHALGA) which served as the intervention by using cluster sampling with randomization. Paired data were analysed using McNemar’s Chi-square test and the paired t-test. The level of significance was set at P≤ 0.05. The EPI-INFO version 7.02 statistical software was used in the analysis. Results: Findings showed that the largest category of prescribers was nurse/midwives representing 48.61% and 44.4% in the intervention and control LGA respectively. There was an improvement in the knowledge and attitude of respondents in the facilities in the intervention LGA at one month and three months post-intervention (P<0.05). The average number of drugs per encounter (ANDPE), the percentage encounters with an antibiotic (PEA), the percentage encounters with an injection (PEI) were lower for the interventions group compared to the control (P<0.05). Percentage generic drug prescription (PGD) was higher in the intervention group compared to the control (P=0.001). Conclusion: Educational intervention was an effective and sustainable means of improving rational prescribing in the state. Update courses and continuing medical education on rational drug use should be held periodically for health care professionals by the State and National Primary Health Care Development Agency as well as other interested stakeholders.

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Adherence to treatment guidelines for uncomplicated malaria at two public health facilities in Nigeria; Implications for the ‘test and treat’ policy of malaria case management

Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice ◽

10.1186/2052-3211-7-15 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Charles C Ezenduka ◽

Mathew J Okonta ◽

Charles O Esimone

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Case Management ◽

Malaria Case ◽

Uncomplicated Malaria ◽

Treatment Guidelines ◽

Health Facilities ◽

Malaria Case Management ◽

Adherence To Treatment ◽

Public Health Facilities ◽

Test And Treat

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Evaluation of drug prescription pattern using World Health Organization prescribing indicators in public health facilities found in Ethiopia: systematic reviews and meta-analysis

Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice ◽

10.1186/s40545-021-00313-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bereket Bahiru Tefera ◽

Melese Getachew ◽

Bekalu Kebede

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Drug Use ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Drug Prescription ◽

Health Facilities ◽

World Health ◽

Prescribing Indicators ◽

Public Health Facilities ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization

Abstract Background Drug use evaluation is a structured, methodological, and criteria-based drug assessment system that helps to evaluate the actual trend of drug use in a particular setting. If drug prescription practices are inappropriate, need to examine the patterns of drug use is necessary to change prescribing patterns accordingly. Therefore, this review aimed to determine the drug prescription pattern in public health facilities found in Ethiopia using prescribing indicators developed by the World Health Organization. Methods This review was conducted as per the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guideline. Extensive searching to identify articles was conducted in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Research Gate, Africa Journal of Online, and Google scholar. Finally, 10 eligible articles were selected for analysis based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The median value, as well as the 25th and 75th percentiles for each WHO prescribing indicator, were computed. Result The pooled median value of WHO prescribing indicators was reported as follows: the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter = 2.14 (IQR 1.79–2.52), the percentage of encounters with antibiotics prescribed = 43.46% (IQR 30.01–58.67), the percentage of encounters with an injection prescribed = 13.20% (6.47–40.7), percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name = 93.49% (89.13–97.96), and the percentage of medicines prescribed from essential medicines list = 92.54% (85.10–97.7). The forest plots determined for each prescribing indicator indicated that there is a high degree of heterogeneity across articles. Conclusion All of the prescribing indicators were not consistent with the standard values recommended by the World Health Organization. Therefore, public health facilities should take appropriate measures for improving the prescription patterns as per the recommendation set by the World Health Organization.

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Analysis the Centralized Drug Procurement Results at Ho Chi Minh city Department of Health

VNU Journal of Science Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.25073/2588-1132/vnumps.4292 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Le Ngoc Danh ◽

Do Van Dung ◽

Ly Thanh Trung ◽

Chau Thuc Oanh ◽

Truong Van Dat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Drug Use ◽

World Bank ◽

Health Facilities ◽

Ho Chi Minh City ◽

Brand Name ◽

Ministry Of Health ◽

Public Health Facilities ◽

Department Of Health ◽

Bid Prices

In recent years, the procurement of drugs in public health facilities is mostly done in the form of bidding. In particular, the concentrated bidding form at the Department of Health brings advantages to the process of drug supply as well as safe, appropriate and effective management of drug use. In the period 2014-2019, at the Ho Chi Minh City Department of Health (DoH), the number of drugs in the concentrated bidding list increases year by year, from 92 (2014) to 101 (2019). The number of winning drugs on the list promulgated by the Ministry of Health has increased year by year. DoH focuses mainly on purchasing drugs under generic packages when the quantity of drugs is in the range of 67-70% higher than the quantity of drugs in the original brand name package (30-33%). In terms of value, compared to the total planned value, the generic package decreased by 65% (2017-2019), while the original brand name package only decreased by 35%. Bid prices and winning prices of each commodity decrease over the years. The difference between bid prices and winning bid prices ranged from 20% to 40%. DoH's locally concentrated list of tenders has not yet fully met the needs of local health facilities, so there is still planning to add new drugs out of the list. Therefore, it is advisable to conduct a further survey on drug use needs in each health facility through data from open bidding at hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City. From there, consider which drugs should be added to DoH's centralized procurement list. Keywords: Centralized bidding, generic bidding package, original brand name bidding package, drug price, HCMC Department of Health. References [1] World Health Organization, How pharmaceutical systems are organized in Asia and the Pacific, OECD Publishing, 2018.[2] Government of Vietnam, The World Bank, Fiscal Policies towards Sustainability, Efficiency, and Equity, World Bank Washington DC, 2017.[3] Ministry of health, Circular 09/2016/TT-BYT promulgation of list of drugs for procurement through bidding, list of drugs for concentrated procurement, list of drugs for procurement through price negotiation, 2016 (Vietnamese).[4] Ministry of health, Circular 21/2013/TT-BYT prescribing organization and operation of the drug and treatment council in hospitals, 2013. (Vietnamese).[5] Xuan-Phuoc Nguyen-Thi et al, Analysis of drug bidding results in the form of centralized drug bidding at the Nghe An Province Health Department, Pharmaceutical journal 59 (7), 2019, 03-07 (Vietnamese).[6] Ministry of health, Circular 11/2016/TT-BYT bidding for supply of drugs for public health facilities, 2016 (Vietnamese).[7] Ministry of health, Joint Circular 01/2012/TTLT-BYT-BTC guiding bidding of drugs procurement in the medical facilities, 2012 (Vietnamese).

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Assessment of medicine use based on WHO drug use indicators in public health facilities of South Indian Union Territory

British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.1111/bcp.15165 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dinesh Kumar Meena ◽

Jayanthi Mathaiyan ◽

Mahalakshmy Thulasingam ◽

Kesavan Ramasamy

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Drug Use ◽

Health Facilities ◽

Medicine Use ◽

Public Health Facilities ◽

South Indian ◽

Union Territory

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First national tuberculosis patient cost survey in Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Assessment of the financial burden faced by TB-affected households and the comparisons by drug-resistance and HIV status

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0241862 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. e0241862

Author(s):

Phonenaly Chittamany ◽

Takuya Yamanaka ◽

Sakhone Suthepmany ◽

Thepphouthone Sorsavanh ◽

Phitsada Siphanthong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Democratic Republic ◽

Financial Burden ◽

Indirect Costs ◽

Medical Costs ◽

Health Facilities ◽

Patient Cost ◽

Cost Drivers ◽

Public Health Facilities ◽

Lao People's Democratic Republic

Background Tuberculosis (TB) patients incur large costs for care seeking, diagnosis, and treatment. To understand the magnitude of this financial burden and its main cost drivers, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR) National TB Programme carried out the first national TB patient cost survey in 2018–2019. Method A facility-based cross-sectional survey was conducted based on a nationally representative sample of TB patients from public health facilities across 12 provinces. A total of 848 TB patients including 30 drug resistant (DR)-TB and 123 TB-HIV coinfected patients were interviewed using a standardised questionnaire developed by the World Health Organization. Information on direct medical, direct non-medical and indirect costs, as well as coping mechanisms was collected. We estimated the percentage of TB-affected households facing catastrophic costs, which was defined as total TB-related costs accounting for more than 20% of annual household income. Result The median total cost of TB care was US$ 755 (Interquartile range 351–1,454). The costs were driven by direct non-medical costs (46.6%) and income loss (37.6%). Nutritional supplements accounted for 74.7% of direct non-medical costs. Half of the patients used savings, borrowed money or sold household assets to cope with TB. The proportion of unemployment more than doubled from 16.8% to 35.4% during the TB episode, especially among those working in the informal sector. Of all participants, 62.6% of TB-affected households faced catastrophic costs. This proportion was higher among households with DR-TB (86.7%) and TB-HIV coinfected patients (81.1%). Conclusion In Lao PDR, TB patients and their households faced a substantial financial burden due to TB, despite the availability of free TB services in public health facilities. As direct non-medical and indirect costs were major cost drivers, providing free TB services is not enough to ease this financial burden. Expansion of existing social protection schemes to accommodate the needs of TB patients is necessary.

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