scholarly journals Fluoride exposure and duration and quality of sleep in a Canadian population-based sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmyn E. A. Cunningham ◽  
Hugh McCague ◽  
Ashley J. Malin ◽  
David Flora ◽  
Christine Till
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Fluoride Exposure ◽  
Older Adolescents ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Weighted Data ◽  
Water Fluoride

Abstract Background Fluoride from dietary and environmental sources may concentrate in calcium-containing regions of the body such as the pineal gland. The pineal gland synthesizes melatonin, a hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle. We examined associations between fluoride exposure and sleep outcomes among older adolescents and adults in Canada. Methods We used population-based data from Cycle 3 (2012–2013) of the Canadian Health Measures Survey. Participants were aged 16 to 79 years and 32% lived in communities supplied with fluoridated municipal water. Urinary fluoride concentrations were measured in spot samples and adjusted for specific gravity (UFSG; n = 1303) and water fluoride concentrations were measured in tap water samples among those who reported drinking tap water (n = 1016). We used multinomial and ordered logistic regression analyses (using both unweighted and survey-weighted data) to examine associations of fluoride exposure with self-reported sleep outcomes, including sleep duration, frequency of sleep problems, and daytime sleepiness. Covariates included age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, chronic health conditions, and household income. Results Median (IQR) UFSG concentration was 0.67 (0.63) mg/L. Median (IQR) water fluoride concentration was 0.58 (0.27) mg/L among participants living in communities supplied with fluoridated municipal water and 0.01 (0.06) mg/L among those living in non-fluoridated communities. A 0.5 mg/L higher water fluoride level was associated with 34% higher relative risk of reporting sleeping less than the recommended duration for age [unweighted: RRR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.73; p = .026]; the relative risk was higher, though less precise, using survey-weighted data [RRR = 1.96, 95% CI: 0.99, 3.87; p = .05]. UFSG was not significantly associated with sleep duration. Water fluoride and UFSG concentration were not significantly associated with frequency of sleep problems or daytime sleepiness. Conclusions Fluoride exposure may contribute to sleeping less than the recommended duration among older adolescents and adults in Canada.

scholarly journals Fluoride exposure and sleep patterns among older adolescents in the United States: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 2015–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley J. Malin ◽  
Sonali Bose ◽  
Stefanie A. Busgang ◽  
Chris Gennings ◽  
Michael Thorpy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fluoride Exposure ◽  
Older Adolescents ◽  
Water Fluoride

Abstract Background Fluoride from environmental sources accumulates preferentially in the pineal gland which produces melatonin, the hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle. However, the effects of fluoride on sleep regulation remain unknown. This population-based study examined whether chronic low-level fluoride exposure is associated with sleep patterns and daytime sleepiness among older adolescents in the United States (US). Method This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015–2016). We analyzed data from adolescents who had plasma fluoride (n = 473) and water fluoride (n = 419) measures and were not prescribed medication for sleep disorders. Relationships between fluoride exposure and self-reported sleep patterns or daytime sleepiness were examined using survey-weighted linear, binomial logistic or multinomial logistic regression after covariate adjustment. A Holm-Bonferroni correction accounted for multiple comparisons. Results The average age of adolescents was 17 years (range = 16–19). Median (IQR) water and plasma fluoride concentrations were 0.27 (0.52) mg/L and 0.29 (0.19) μmol/L respectively. An IQR increase in water fluoride was associated with 1.97 times higher odds of reporting symptoms suggestive of sleep apnea (95% CI: 1.27, 3.05; p = 0.02), a 24 min later bedtime (B = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.70; p = 0.05), a 26 min later morning wake time (B = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.13, 0.73; p = 0.04), and among males, a 38% reduction in the odds of reporting snoring (95% CI: 0.45, 0.87, p = 0.03). Conclusions Fluoride exposure may contribute to changes in sleep cycle regulation and sleep behaviors among older adolescents in the US. Additional prospective studies are warranted to examine the effects of fluoride on sleep patterns and determine critical windows of vulnerability for potential effects.

scholarly journals Association Between Osteoarthritis and Water Fluoride Among Tongyu Residents, China 2019: A Case-control of Population-based Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alphonse Sowanou ◽  
Xinyue Meng ◽  
Nan Zhong ◽  
Yongzheng Ma ◽  
Ailin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Environmental Chemical ◽  
Fluoride Exposure ◽  
Kellgren And Lawrence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stratified Analysis ◽  
Water Fluoride

Abstract Background: Fluoride is an environmental chemical that has adverse effects on health, probably increasing osteoarthritis (OA) risk. However, whether fluoride is a serious risk factor for OA is still inconsistent among current evidence. The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between chronic fluoride exposure and OA risk among the residents living in Tongyu County, China 2019.Method: 186 cases and 186 controls aged 26 to 86 years were recruited after x-ray examination with Kellgren and Lawrence criteria by two independent evaluators. Urinary fluoride (UF) in a spot sample was measured by fluoride ion-selective electrode, and water fluoride data were used as community level of exposure. Associations between fluoride exposure and OA risk were examined by the unconditional logistic regression. Covariates included age, gender, body mass index, duration of living, daily water drunk, income, sport and filter use with stratified analysis.Results: Mean UF concentration 2.54 ± 1.22 mg/L was higher than the mean of community water fluoride concentration 1.49 ± 0.32 mg/L. The mean UF concentration 2.73 ± 1.18 mg/L was significantly higher in cases compared to 2.35 ± 1.24 mg/L in controls group (p < 0.02). In full sample analysis, a 1mg/L increase in UF level was associated with a 27% higher risk of OA (95% CI: 1.06 - 1.52, p = 0.008), and 4th quartile participants were associated with higher risk when compared to 1st quartile (OR: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.34 – 4.57, p = 0.003). In stratified analysis, compared to 1st quartile, 4th quartile participants were 4 times more likely to have OA (95% CI: 1.86 – 8.82, p = 0.000) in the non-obese group, 7.7 times more likely to have OA (95% CI: 2.58 – 25.05, p = 0.000) among adults ≤ 60-year and 12 times more likely to have OA (95% CI: 2.15 – 99.65, p = 0.008) in non-obese adult women ≤ 60-year group.Conclusion: Water fluoride exposure may increase OA risk and could have more impact on a specific group such as non-obese and adult ≤ 60-year population.

scholarly journals The prevalence and incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus in Taiwan: a nationwide population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pui-Ying Leong ◽  
Jing-Yang Huang ◽  
Jeng-Yuan Chiou ◽  
Yi-Chiao Bai ◽  
James Cheng-Chung Wei
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Male Population

AbstractTo estimate the prevalence and incidence rate of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Taiwan by using a population-based longitudinal database from 2001 to 2011. We conducted a longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) containing 1,000,000 beneficiaries’ records for calculation of prevalence and incidence rate of SLE from 2001–2011. The overall prevalence of SLE in Taiwan in 2011 is 8.11 per 10,000 people with 14.3 per 10,000 people in female and 1.62 per 10,000 people in male. The overall incidence rate of SLE is 0.74–1 per 10,000 person-years with 1.09–1.76 per 10,000 person-years in female and 0.12–0.25 per 10,000 person-years in male. The highest prevalence rate was observed at 40–49 age group in females. There were no significant differences in the overall prevalence among the urban, suburban and rural area in Taiwan while the relative risk is higher in male population living in rural area (RR 1.36, 95% C.I. 1.03–1.79, p = 0.0303). The highest income group has a lower relative risk for the prevalence of SLE (RR 0.83, 95% C.I. 0.71–0.97, p = 0.0197). The incidence rate of SLE in male in the rural area is also higher than the urban area (RR 2.34, 95% C.I. 1.3–4.22, p = 0.0046). Our study covers the longest period among the nation-wide population studies of SLE in Taiwan. The prevalence was increasing especially in the elderly.

scholarly journals DNA methylation and fluoride exposure in school-age children: Epigenome-wide screening and population-based validation

2021 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 112612
Author(s):  
Anqi Wang ◽  
Qiang Ma ◽  
Biao Gong ◽  
Long Sun ◽  
Francis-Kojo Afrim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Fluoride Exposure

scholarly journals Risk of cancer development in patients with keloids

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Yi Lu ◽  
Hung-Pin Tu ◽  
Chieh-Hsin Wu ◽  
Chien-Hui Hong ◽  
Kuo-Chia Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

AbstractKeloid is a skin disease characterized by exaggerated scar formation, excessive fibroblast proliferation, and excessive collagen deposition. Cancers commonly arise from a fibrotic microenvironment; e.g., hepatoma arises from liver cirrhosis, and oral cancers arise from submucosal fibrosis. As keloids are a prototypic fibroproliferative disease, this study investigated whether patients with keloids have an increased cancer risk. In a matched, population-based study, first 17,401 patients treated for keloids during 1998–2010 with 69,604 controls without keloids at a ratio of 1:4 were evaluated. The association between keloids and risk of cancer was estimated by logistic regression or Cox proportional hazard regression models after adjustment of covariates. In total, 893 first-time cases of cancer were identified in the 17,401 patients with keloids. The overall cancer risk was 1.49-fold higher in the keloids group compared to controls. Regarding specific cancers, the keloids group, had a significantly higher risk of skin cancer compared to controls (Relative risk = 1.73). The relative risk for skin cancer was even higher for males with keloids (Relative risk = 2.16). Further stratified analyses also revealed a significantly higher risk of developing pancreatic cancer in female patients with keloids compared to controls (Relative risk = 2.19) after adjustment for known pancreatic cancer risk factors. This study indicates that patients with keloids have a higher than normal risk for several cancer types, especially skin cancers (both genders) and pancreatic cancer (females). Therefore, patients with keloids should undergo regular skin examinations, and females with keloids should regularly undergo abdominal ultrasonography.

Are sleep problems and non-specific health complaints risk factors for chronic pain? A prospective population-based study with 17 year follow-up

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 210-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne K. Nitter ◽  
Are H. Pripp ◽  
Karin Ø. Forseth
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Chronic Widespread Pain ◽  
Health Complaints ◽  
Widespread Pain ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Specific Health

AbstractIntroductionChronic musculoskeletal pain represents a significant health problem among adults in Norway. The prevalence of chronic pain can be up to 50% in both genders. However, the prevalence of chronic widespread pain is significantly higher in females than in males. Chronic widespread pain is seen as the end of a continuum of pain. There is rather sparse knowledge about the incidence of pain in initially pain free individuals and the course of self-reported pain over time. Moreover, little is known about risk factors for incidence of chronic pain or prognostic factors for the course of self-reported pain. We believe that such knowledge may contribute to develop strategies for treatment at an early stadium of the pain condition and thereby reduce the prevalence of chronic pain included chronic widespread pain.Aims of the studyThe aims of this study were threefold: (1) to calculate the incidence of self-reported musculoskeletal pain in a female cohort, (2) to describe the course of pain and (3) to investigate whether or not health complaints and sleep problems are predictive factors for onset of pain or prognostic factors for the course of pain.MethodsThis is a prospective population-based study of all women between 20 and 50 years who were registered in Arendal, Norway, in 1989 (N = 2498 individuals). A questionnaire about chronic pain (pain >3 months duration in muscles, joints, back or the whole body), modulating factors for pain, sleep problems and seven non-specific health complaints was mailed to all traceable women, in 1990 (N =2498), 1995 (n = 2435) and 2007 (n = 2261). Of these, 1338 responded on all three occasions. Outcome measures were presence and extent of chronic pain.ResultsThe prevalence of chronic pain was 57% in 1990 and 61% in 2007. From 1990 to 2007, 53% of the subjects changed pain category. The incidence of chronic pain in initially pain free individuals during follow-up was 44%, whereas the recovery rate was 25%. Impaired sleep quality predicted onset of chronic pain. There was a linear association between the number of health complaints and the incidence of chronic pain in initially pain free individuals. Equivalent results were found for persistence of pain and worsening of pain.ConclusionThe prevalence of chronic pain was rather stable throughout the follow-up period, but the prevalence of chronic widespread pain increased. Individual changes in pain extent occurred frequently. The presence of sleep disturbances and number of health complaints predicted onset, persistence and worsening of pain.ImplicationsSleep problems must be thoroughly addressed as a possible risk factor for onset or worsening of pain. Elimination of sleep problems in an early phase is an interesting approach in treating chronic pain. More research is needed to illuminate the possible pathogenetic relations between pain, non-specific health complaints, sleep problems and also depression.

Relationship between hospital surgical volume, lobectomy rates, and adverse perioperative events at US epilepsy centers

2013 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario J. Englot ◽  
David Ouyang ◽  
Doris D. Wang ◽  
John D. Rolston ◽  
Paul A. Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Epilepsy Surgery ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Surgical Volume ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Perioperative Morbidity ◽  
Low Volume

Object Epilepsy surgery remains significantly underutilized. The authors recently reported that the number of lobectomies for localized intractable epilepsy in the US has not changed despite the implementation of clear evidence-based guidelines 10 years ago supporting early referral for surgery. To better understand why epilepsy surgery continues to be underused, the authors' objective was to carefully examine hospital-related factors related to the following: 1) where patients are being admitted for the evaluation of epilepsy, 2) rates of utilization for surgery across hospitals, and 3) perioperative morbidity between hospitals with low versus high volumes of epilepsy surgery. Methods The authors performed a population-based cohort study of US hospitals between 1990 and 2008 using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), stratifying epilepsy surgery rates and trends as well as perioperative morbidity rates by hospital surgical volume. Results The number of lobectomies for epilepsy performed at high-volume centers (> 15 lobectomies/year) significantly decreased between 1990 and 2008 (F = 20.4, p < 0.001), while significantly more procedures were performed at middle-volume hospitals (5–15 lobectomies/year) over time (F = 16.1, p < 0.001). No time trend was observed for hospitals performing fewer than 5 procedures per year. However, patients admitted to high-volume centers were significantly more likely to receive lobectomy than those at low-volume hospitals (relative risk 1.05, 95% CI 1.03–1.08, p < 0.001). Also, the incidence of perioperative adverse events was significantly higher at low-volume hospitals (12.9%) than at high-volume centers (6.1%) (relative risk 1.08, 95% CI 1.03–1.07, p < 0.001). Conclusions Hospital volume is an important predictor of epilepsy surgery utilization and perioperative morbidity. Patients with medically refractory epilepsy should be referred to a comprehensive epilepsy treatment center for surgical evaluation by an experienced clinical team.

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