scholarly journals Ambient nitrogen dioxide is associated with emergency hospital visits for atrial fibrillation: a population-based case-crossover study in Reykjavik, Iceland

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Solveig Halldorsdottir ◽  
Ragnhildur Gudrun Finnbjornsdottir ◽  
Bjarki Thor Elvarsson ◽  
Gunnar Gudmundsson ◽  
Vilhjalmur Rafnsson
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Emergency Hospital ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Hospital Visits

Abstract Background In Iceland air quality is generally good; however, previous studies indicate that there is an association between air pollution in Reykjavik and adverse health effects as measured by dispensing of medications, mortality, and increase in health care utilisation. The aim was to study the association between traffic-related ambient air pollution in the Reykjavik capital area and emergency hospital visits for heart diseases and particularly atrial fibrillation and flutter (AF). Methods A multivariate time-stratified case-crossover design was used to study the association. Cases were those patients aged 18 years or older living in the Reykjavik capital area during the study period, 2006–2017, who made emergency visits to Landspitali University Hospital for heart diseases. In this population-based study, the primary discharge diagnoses were registered according to International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10). The pollutants studied were NO2, PM10, PM2.5, and SO2, with adjustment for H2S, temperature, and relative humidity. The 24-h mean of pollutants was used with lag 0 to lag 4. Results During the study period 9536 cases of AF were identified. The 24-h mean NO2 was 20.7 μg/m3. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2 was associated with increased risk of heart diseases (ICD-10: I20-I25, I44-I50), odds ratio (OR) 1.023 (95% CI 1.012–1.034) at lag 0. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2 was associated with an increased risk of AF (ICD-10: I48) on the same day, OR 1.030 (95% CI: 1.011–1.049). Females were at higher risk for AF, OR 1.051 (95% CI 1.019–1.083) at lag 0, and OR 1.050 (95% CI 1.019–1.083) at lag 1. Females aged younger than 71 years had even higher risk for AF, OR 1.077 (95% CI: 1.025–1.131) at lag 0. Significant associations were found for other pollutants and emergency hospital visits, but they were weaker and did not show a discernable pattern. Conclusions Short-term increase in NO2 concentrations was associated with heart diseases, more precisely with AF. The associations were stronger among females, and among females at younger age. This is the first study in Iceland that finds an association between air pollution and cardiac arrhythmias, so the results should be interpreted with caution.

scholarly journals Ambient Air Pollution and the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke: A Population-Based Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (8) ◽  
pp. 087009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeha Shin ◽  
Richard T. Burnett ◽  
Jeffrey C. Kwong ◽  
Perry Hystad ◽  
Aaron van Donkelaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution

Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution Associated with Increased Risk of Incident Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-Based Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Paul ◽  
Rick Burnett ◽  
Jeffrey C. Kwong ◽  
Perry Hystad ◽  
Aaron van Donkelaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Incident Diabetes ◽  
Increased Risk

scholarly journals Air pollution exposure and risk of spontaneous abortion in the Nurses’ Health Study II

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1809-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey J Gaskins ◽  
Jaime E Hart ◽  
Jorge E Chavarro ◽  
Stacey A Missmer ◽  
Janet W Rich-Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Crossover Analysis

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Is there an association between air pollution exposures and the risk of spontaneous abortion (SAB)? SUMMARY ANSWER Higher exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution above and beyond a woman’s average exposure may be associated with greater risk of SAB, particularly among women experiencing at least one SAB during follow-up. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY There is sufficient biologic plausibility to suggest that air pollution adversely affects early pregnancy outcomes, particularly pregnancy loss; however, the evidence is limited. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Our prospective cohort study included 19 309 women in the Nurses’ Health Study II who contributed a total of 35 025 pregnancies between 1990 and 2008. We also conducted a case-crossover analysis among 3585 women (11 212 pregnancies) with at least one SAB and one live birth during follow-up. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Proximity to major roadways and exposure to PM <10 microns (PM10), 2.5–10 microns (PM2.5–10) and <2.5 microns (PM2.5) were determined for residential addresses between 1989 and 2007. Pregnancy outcomes were self-reported biannually throughout follow-up and comprehensively in 2009. Multivariable log-binomial regression models with generalized estimating equations were used to estimate the risk ratios and 95% CIs of SAB. Conditional logistic regression was used for the case-crossover analysis. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE During the 19 years of follow-up, 6599 SABs (18.8% of pregnancies) were reported. In the main analysis, living closer to a major roadway and average exposure to PM10, PM10–2.5 or PM2.5 in the 1 or 2 years prior to pregnancy were not associated with an increased risk of SAB. However, small positive associations between PM exposures and SAB were observed when restricting the analysis to women experiencing at least one SAB during follow-up. In the case-crossover analysis, an increase in PM10 (per 3.9 μg/m3), PM2.5–10 (per 2.3 μg/m3) and PM2.5 (per 2.0 μg/m3) in the year prior to pregnancy was associated with 1.12 (95% CI 1.06, 1.19), 1.09 (95% CI 1.03, 1.14) and 1.10 (95% CI 1.04, 1.17) higher odds of SAB, respectively. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION We did not have information on the month or day of SAB, which precluded our ability to examine specific windows of susceptibility or acute exposures. We also used ambient air pollution exposures as a proxy for personal exposure, potentially leading to exposure misclassification. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS In our case-crossover analysis (but not in the entire cohort) we observed positive associations between exposure to all size fractions of PM exposure and risk of SAB. This may suggest that changes in PM exposure confer greater risk of SAB or that women with a history of SAB are a particularly vulnerable subgroup. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The authors are supported by the following NIH grants UM1CA176726, R00ES026648 and P30ES000002. The authors have no actual or potential competing financial interests to disclose.

scholarly journals Increased Risk of Hospital Admission for Asthma in Children From Short-Term Exposure to Air Pollution: Case-Crossover Evidence From Northern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yakun Zhao ◽  
Dehui Kong ◽  
Jia Fu ◽  
Yongqiao Zhang ◽  
Yuxiong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Asthma In Children

Background: Previous studies suggested that exposure to air pollution could increase risk of asthma attacks in children. The aim of this study is to investigate the short-term effects of exposure to ambient air pollution on asthma hospital admissions in children in Beijing, a city with serious air pollution and high-quality medical care at the same time.Methods: We collected hospital admission data of asthma patients aged ≤ 18 years old from 56 hospitals from 2013 to 2016 in Beijing, China. Time-stratified case-crossover design and conditional Poisson regression were applied to explore the association between risk of asthma admission in children and the daily concentration of six air pollutants [particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), particulate matter ≤ 10 μm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3)], adjusting for meteorological factors and other pollutants. Additionally, stratified analyses were performed by age, gender, and season.Results: In the single-pollutant models, higher levels of PM2.5, SO2, and NO2 were significantly associated with increased risk of hospital admission for asthma in children. The strongest effect was observed in NO2 at lag06 (RR = 1.25, 95%CI: 1.06-1.48), followed by SO2 at lag05 (RR = 1.17, 95%CI: 1.05–1.31). The robustness of effects of SO2 and NO2 were shown in two-pollutant models. Stratified analyses further indicated that pre-school children (aged ≤ 6 years) were more susceptible to SO2. The effects of SO2 were stronger in the cold season, while the effects of NO2 were stronger in the warm season. No significant sex-specific differences were observed.Conclusions: These results suggested that high levels of air pollution had an adverse effect on childhood asthma, even in a region with high-quality healthcare. Therefore, it will be significant to decrease hospital admissions for asthma in children by controlling air pollution emission and avoiding exposure to air pollution.

scholarly journals Gaseous air pollution and emergency hospital visits for hypertension in Beijing, China: a time-stratified case-crossover study

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuming Guo ◽  
Shilu Tong ◽  
Shanshan Li ◽  
Adrian G Barnett ◽  
Weiwei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
Emergency Hospital ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Hospital Visits ◽  
Beijing China

scholarly journals Association of air pollution with acute ischemic stroke risk in Singapore: a time-stratified case-crossover study

2022 ◽  
pp. 174749302110667
Author(s):  
Andrew Fu Wah Ho ◽  
Benjamin Yong-Qiang Tan ◽  
Huili Zheng ◽  
Aloysius Sheng-Ting Leow ◽  
Pin Pin Pek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Stroke Registry ◽  
Case Crossover

Background: Air quality is an important determinant of cardiovascular health such as ischemic heart disease and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with substantial mortality and morbidity reported across the globe. However, associations between air quality and AIS in the current literature remain inconsistent, with few studies undertaken in cosmopolitan cities located in the tropics. Objectives: We evaluated the associations between individual ambient air pollutants and AIS. Methods: We performed a nationwide, population-based, time-stratified case-crossover analysis on all AIS cases reported to the Singapore Stroke Registry from 2009 to 2018. We estimated the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of AIS across different concentrations of each pollutant by quartiles (referencing the 25th percentile), in single-pollutant conditional Poisson models adjusted for time-varying meteorological effects. We stratified our analysis by predetermined subgroups deemed at higher risk. Results: A total of 51,675 episodes of AIS were included. Ozone (O3) (IRR4th quartile: 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.08) and carbon monoxide (CO) (IRR2nd quartile: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02–1.08, IRR3rd quartile: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.04–1.10, IRR4th quartile: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.04–1.11) were positively associated with AIS incidence. The increased incidence of AIS due to O3 and CO persisted for 5 days after exposure. Those under 65 years of age were more likely to experience AIS when exposed to CO. Individuals with atrial fibrillation (AF) were more susceptible to exposure from O3, CO, and PM10. Current/ex-smokers were more vulnerable to the effect of O3. Conclusion: Air pollution increases the incidence of AIS, especially in those with AF and in those who are current or ex-smokers.

Ambient Air Pollution and the Risk of Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation: A Population-Based Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeha Shin ◽  
Rick Burnett ◽  
Jeffrey C. Kwong ◽  
Perry Hystad ◽  
Aaron van Donkelaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution

2284Sex and age differences in short-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a nationwide case-crossover study in Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Zhao ◽  
F H Johnston ◽  
F Salimi ◽  
K Negishi
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pm2.5 Exposure ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Abstract Introduction Accumulating evidence has shown the elevated risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) with exposure to air pollution, such as fine particles <2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5). A bi-directional relationship exists between air pollution and traditional CV risk factors like obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. However, little is known about the effect of age and sex on association between ambient air pollution and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Purpose This study aimed to identify sex and age differences in the associations between exposure to PM2.5 and OHCA in Japan. Methods A case-crossover design was used to determine the odds ratio (OR) of OHCA across Japan with daily PM2.5 exposure on the day of the arrest or 1–3 days before it (lag 0–3). OHCA cases were identified through the All-Japan Utstein registry of the Fire and Disaster Management Agency from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2015. OHCAs were investigated by conditional logistic regression adjusted for daily temperature and relative humidity with stratification by sex and age. Results A total of 249,372 OHCAs were included during study period. Their mean age was 75 years and 57% were male. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in daily PM2.5 exposure over 4 days was associated with all cause OHCA risk for male (lag 0: OR 1.022, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.013, 1.031; lag 1: OR 1.016, 95% CI 1.007, 1.025; lag 2: OR 1.016, 95% CI 1.007, 1.026; lag 3: OR 1.017, 95% CI 1.008, 1.027; lag 0–1: OR 1.025, 95% CI 1.015, 1.036). Increased risk in OHCA was also found with lag 1 to lag 3 PM2.5 exposure among women. Lag 0 to lag 3 PM2.5 exposures were significantly associated with OHCA among patients older than 65 years. Among 35 to 64 years, only lag 3 PM2.5 exposure was associated with an increased risk in OHCA. No significant association was observed between PM2.5 exposure and OHCA among patients less than 35 years. Conclusions Short-term exposure to PM2.5 is associated with an increased risk of OHCA in both sexes. Patients older than 65 years were more susceptible to PM2.5 exposure than younger age group.

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