scholarly journals Hindlimb unloading-induced reproductive suppression via Downregulation of hypothalamic Kiss-1 expression in adult male rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Moustafa
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Microgravity Condition ◽  
Grid Floor ◽  
Hindlimb Unloading ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

Abstract Background Spaceflights-induced microgravity can alter various physiological processes in human’s body including the functional status of the reproductive system. Rodent model of tail-suspension hindlimb unloading is extensively used to stimulate the organs responses to the microgravity condition. This study explores the potential effects of hindlimb unloading on testicular functions and spermatogenesis in adult male rats and the underlying mechanism/s. Methods Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were allotted into two groups: normally loaded group (control; all arms were in touch with the grid floor) and hindlimb unloaded group (HU; only the forearms were in contact with the grid floor). Results Following 30 days of exposure, the HU group saw a decline in body weight, testicular and epidydimal weights, and all semen parameters. The circulating concentrations of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone significantly decreased, while levels of kisspeptin, corticosterone, inhibin, prolactin and estradiol (E2) increased in the HU group. Intratesticular levels of 5α-reductase enzyme and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were suppressed, while the levels of aromatase and kisspeptin were significantly elevated in the HU group. Hypothalamic kisspeptin (Kiss1) mRNA expression levels were downregulated while its receptors (Kiss1R) were upregulated in the HU group. On the contrary, the mRNA expression levels of testicular Kiss1 were upregulated while Kiss1R were downregulated. The pituitary mRNA expression levels of FSHβ and LHβ decreased in the HU group. The levels of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were elevated while malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations declined in the testes of HU group. The testes of the HU rats showed positive immunostaining of caspase-3, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and Bcl2. Conclusions Altogether, these results revealed an inhibitory effect of hindlimb unloading on kisspeptin signaling in the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis with impaired spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis.

scholarly journals Photobiomodulation on Bax and Bcl-2 Proteins and SIRT1/PGC-1αAxis mRNA Expression Levels of Aging Rat Skeletal Muscle

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Fang-Hui Li ◽  
Yan-Ying Liu ◽  
Fei Qin ◽  
Qing Luo ◽  
Hai-Ping Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Point Contact ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Contact Mode ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Bax Protein ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

Objective. This study aimed to analyze the effects of low level laser irradiation (LLLI) on Bax and IGF-1 and Bcl-2 protein contents and SIRT1/PGC-1αaxis mRNA expression levels to prevent sarcopenia in aged rats.Material and Methods. Twenty female Sprague Dawley rats (18 months old) were randomly divided into two groups (n=10per group): control (CON) and LLLI groups. The gallium-aluminum-arsenium (GaAlAs) laser irradiation at 810 nm was used in the single point contact mode (3.75 J/cm2; 0.4 cm2; 125 mW/cm2; 30 s). Bax, Bcl-2, and IGF-1 proteins and SIRT1/PGC-1αaxis mRNA expression were assessed 24 h after LLLI on gastrocnemius in aged rat.Results. Gastrocnemius muscle weights, gastrocnemius mass/body mass, Bcl-2/BAX ratio, Bcl-2 protein, IGF-1 protein, and the mRNA contents in SIRT1, PGC-1α, NRF1, TMF, and SOD2 were significantly (P<0.05) increased by LLLI compared to CON group without LLLI. However, levels of BAX protein and caspase 3 mRNA were significantly attenuated by LLLI compared to CON group (P<0.05).Conclusion. LLLI at 810 nm inhibits sarcopenia associated with upregulation of Bcl-2/BAX ratio and IGF-1 and SIRT1/PGC-1αaxis mRNA expression in aged rats. This indicates that LLLI has potential to decrease progression of myocyte apoptosis in sarcopenic muscles.

scholarly journals Expression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α and Association with Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase in the Reproductive Tract Tissues of Adult Male Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) During the Reproduction Season

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1063-1074
Author(s):  
Magdalena Koziorowska-Gilun ◽  
Przemysław Gilun ◽  
Marek Koziorowski ◽  
Władysław Kordan
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Cyclic Changes ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the mRNA and protein expressions of HIF-1α and SOD-1 in testes and epididymis of adult male roe deer during the periods of reproductive season. The mRNA expression levels of investigated factors were examined using RT-PCR, while protein expression levels were evaluated using Western blot analysis. Differences between tissues within this period and between periods were evaluated. Testicular tissue exhibited lower HIF-1α and SOD-1 mRNA expression levels during all periods as compared to epididymal tissues. Among the epididymal tissues, cauda epididymis showed higher HIF-1α mRNA expression levels in comparison with caput and corpus tissues in the pre-rut period, and not much lower SOD-1 mRNA expression levels in comparison with caput in all periods. Protein expression of HIF-1α was higher in the epididymis than in the testicular tissues in the pre-rut and rut periods. Its expression was the highest in caput epididymal tissue compared with either the testicular, corpus and cauda epididymal tissue during rut and higher than corpus and testis in pre- and post-rut periods. Testicular tissue was characterized by lower SOD-1 protein expression levels than in epididymis in pre-rut and rut periods. This study indicates that the reproductive tract of male roe deer possesses a tissue-specific defense system which protects the tissues from oxygen deficiency damage, which is important during cyclic changes occurring in the reproductive tissues during the reproductive season.

scholarly journals The role of CXCR3 and its ligands expression in Brucellar spondylitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Hu ◽  
Xiaoqian Shang ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Jiahui Fan ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltration ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Inflammatory Damage ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

Abstract Aim Brucellar spondylitis (BS) is one of the most serious complications of brucellosis. CXCR3 is closely related to the severity of disease infection. This research aimed to study the degree of BS inflammatory damage through analyzing the expression levels of CXCR3 and its ligands (CXCL9 and CXCL10) in patients with BS. Methods A total of 29 BS patients and 15 healthy controls were enrolled. Real-Time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ, CXCR3, CXCL9 and CXCL10 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of BS patients and healthy controls. Hematoxylin-Eosin staining was used to show the pathological changes in BS lesion tissues. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to show the protein expression levels of Brucella-Ab, IFN-γ, CXCR3, CXCL9 and CXCL10 in BS lesion tissues. At the same time, ELISA was used to detect the serum levels of IFN-γ, CXCL9 CXCL10 and autoantibodies against CXCR3 in patients with BS. Results In lesion tissue of BS patients, it showed necrosis of cartilage, acute or chronic inflammatory infiltration. Brucella-Ab protein was abundantly expressed in close lesion tissue. And the protein expression levels of IFN-γ, CXCR3 and CXCL10 were highly expressed in close lesion tissue and serum of BS patients. At the same time, the mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ, CXCR3 and CXCL10 in PBMCs of BS patients were significantly higher than those in controls. Conclusion In our research, the expression levels of IFN-γ, CXCR3 and its ligands were significantly higher than those in controls. It suggested that high expression levels of IFN-γ, CXCR3 and its ligands indicated a serious inflammatory damage in patients with BS.

Unilateral labyrinthectomy induced changes on GDNF receptor complex proteins in the rat medial vestibular nuclei

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 171-177
Author(s):  
Adrian Lozada ◽  
Kaj Karlstedt ◽  
Pertti Panula ◽  
Antti A. Aarnisalo
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Vestibular Nucleus ◽  
Medial Vestibular Nucleus ◽  
Receptor Complex ◽  
Trophic Effect ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Unilateral Labyrinthectomy ◽  
Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

In the auditory periphery, GDNF has been shown to have a trophic effect to spiral ganglion neurons, both during development and in adult animals. We have studied the effect of unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL) on protein levels and expression of GDNF multicomponent receptor complex: the ret tyrosine kinase and coreceptor GFRα-1 in the medial vestibular nucleus of the adult rat. GFRα-1 protein levels display an increasing trend in ipsilateral medial vestibular nucleus culminating at 48 h post UL. On the other hand, GFRα-1 mRNA expression levels in ipsi- and contralateral medial vestibular nucleus show a steadily decreasing trend that is significant at 1 week post-lesion. Protein levels for c-Ret isoforms also show an initial bilateral decreasing trend that ceases at 48 h in ipsilateral medial vestibular nucleus but persists on the contralateral side. c-Ret mRNA expression levels show a significant decrease at 4 h post UL followed by another significant decrease 1 week post UL. Our data would suggest that neurotrophins belonging to the GDNF family are involved in this model of post-lesional CNS plasticity.

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