scholarly journals A scoping review on family medicine in sub-Saharan Africa: practice, positioning and impact in African health care systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maaike Flinkenflögel ◽  
Vincent Sethlare ◽  
Vincent Kalumire Cubaka ◽  
Mpundu Makasa ◽  
Abraham Guyse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Family Medicine ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Health ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Chronic care models and opportunities for improving health care practice and outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa: Protocol for systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Otieno ◽  
Charles Agyemang ◽  
Razak M. Gyasi ◽  
Anthony K. Ngugi ◽  
Catherine Kyobutungi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Chronic Care ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Care Models ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background: The rising burden of chronic diseases in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where health care systems are least developed has led to recent calls for increased investment in chronic care models (CCM) appropriate for low-resource settings. In SSA, limited resources are often allocated to treating acute diseases thus management of chronic conditions is a major challenge for health care systems. A large diversity of CCM exist in the literature but evidence supporting their use has been derived from high income settings. This is the motivation for conducting a systematic review to identify the existing CCM and their relevance and applicability in SSA.Methods and analysis: All peer-reviewed published and grey literature on CCM will be included. PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and Global Health Cinahl, African Journals Online, Informit Online, and PsycINFO will be searched to identify relevant articles. OpenSIGLE will be reviewed for grey literature. The articles retrieved will be independently screened for inclusion by two independent investigators while a third reviewer will arbitrate the disagreements. An independent critical appraisal of retrieved studies will be performed using standardized critical appraisal checklists. The data will be extracted from the key elements of CCM. Outcome measures for the effectiveness of the models in the context of SSA will include any reported improvement to the health care service delivery or changes in the health outcomes of patients with chronic illnesses. The study findings will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA).Discussion: This systematic review is expected to generate crucial evidence on the applicability of CCM in SSA and unearth the CCM components that are suitable for different levels of health care delivery systems and the emerging needs of the people living with comorbidities and multimorbidities in SSA.Systematic review registration: This review is registered in PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic reviews CRD42020187756.

scholarly journals Assessing health systems’ preparedness for providing care for refugees, asylum seekers and migrants: a scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1157-1163
Author(s):  
Ewa Kocot ◽  
Anna Szetela
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
System Requirements ◽  
Health Care Usage ◽  
Special Health

Abstract Background Health care systems and care professionals often face the challenge of providing adequate health care for migrant groups. The objective of this study is to answer the question of whether and how meeting the special health system requirements regarding refugees (R), asylum seekers (AS) and migrants (M) (RASM) is checked and evaluated. Methods A scoping review was used as a methodology of the research, with four electronic databases, websites of relevant organizations and European projects searched, using a strictly defined search strategy. Finally, 66 studies were included in the analysis. Results The included studies presented assessment of different types, aspects and facilities of health care, as well as various methods of analysis. In the vast majority of the studies (n = 52, 78%) interviews or questionnaires were used to collect data. The studies were mostly declared to be qualitative. The main issues assessed in the studies can be categorized into three groups: (i) legal aspects, (ii) before receiving health care and (iii) during health care usage. Conclusions RASM inflow is a big challenge for health care system in many countries. The first step to guarantee adequate health care for RASM is assessing how the system is functioning. This makes it possible to find gaps, indicate the directions of activities needed and monitor progress. Further work on the development of a comprehensive tool, checked in terms of validity and reliability assessment, and enabling examination of many aspects of health care for RASM should be carried out.

Safe Care for Pediatric Patients: A Scoping Review Across Multiple Health Care Settings

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Stang ◽  
Denise Thomson ◽  
Lisa Hartling ◽  
Jocelyn Shulhan ◽  
Megan Nuspl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Health Care Settings ◽  
Safety Concerns ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Safety Interventions ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Analytic Models

Children are particularly vulnerable to patient safety concerns due to pediatric-specific and general health care challenges. This scoping review identifies and describes the vulnerabilities of those aged 0 to 18 years to iatrogenic harm in various health care settings. Six databases were searched from 1991 to 2012. Primary studies were categorized using predetermined groupings. Categories were tallied and descriptive statistics were employed. A total of 388 primary studies exploring interventions that improved patient safety, deficiencies, or errors leading to safety concerns were included. The most common issues were medication (189 studies, 48.7%) and general medical (81 studies, 20.9%) errors. Sixty studies (15.5%) evaluated or described patient safety interventions, 206 studies (53.1%) addressed health care systems and technologies, 17 studies (4.4%) addressed caregiver perspectives and 20 studies (5.2%) discussed analytic models for patient safety. Further work is needed to ensure consistency of definitions in patient safety research to facilitate comparison and collation of results.

scholarly journals Perceptions and Understandings of Frailty Language: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 177-177
Author(s):  
Mariko Sakamoto ◽  
Pamela Durepos ◽  
Kyla Alsbury ◽  
Patricia Hewston ◽  
Alyson Takaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Research Studies

Abstract Diagnosing and responding to frailty in older adult populations is of growing interest for health care professionals, researchers and policymakers. Preventing frailty has the potential to improve health outcomes for older adults, which in turn has significant implications for health care systems. However, little is known about how older people understand and perceive the term “frailty”, and what it means for them to be designated as frail. To address this concern, a scoping review was undertaken to map the breadth of primary research studies that focus on community-dwelling older adults’ perceptions and understanding of frailty language, as well as explore the potential implications of being classified as frail. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Ageline, PsychInfo, CINAHL and EMBASE databases for articles published between January 1994 and February 2019. 4639 articles were screened and ten articles met the inclusion criteria, detailing eight primary research studies. Using content analysis, three core themes were identified across the included studies. These themes included: 1) understanding frailty as a multi-dimensional concept and inevitable consequence of aging, 2) perceiving frailty as a generalizing and harmful label; and 3) resisting and responding to frailty. Recommendations stemming from this review include the need for health care professionals to use person-centered language with older adults, discuss the term frailty with caution, and be aware of the potential consequences of labeling a person as frail. Importantly, this review demonstrates that for frailty interventions to be successful and meaningful for older adults, ongoing and critical examination of frailty language is necessary.

scholarly journals The Role of General Practice in Complex Health Care Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Schmalstieg-Bahr ◽  
Uwe Wolfgang Popert ◽  
Martin Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Family Medicine ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Core Values ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Specialty Training ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Care System

According to the WHO, in a complex system, “there are so many interacting parts that it is difficult (…), to predict the behavior of the system based on knowledge of its component parts. “In countries without general practitioner (GP)-gatekeeping, the number of possible interactions and therefore the complexity increases. Patients may consult any doctor without contacting their GP. Family medicine core values, e.g., comprehensive care, and core tasks, e.g., care coordination, might be harder to implement and maintain. How are GPs perceived and how do they perceive themselves if no GP-gatekeeping exists? Does the absence of any GP-gatekeeping influence family medicine core values? A PubMed and Cochrane search was performed. The results are summarized in form of a narrative review. Four perspectives regarding the GP's role were identified. The GPs' self-perception regarding family medicine core values and tasks is independent of their function as gatekeepers, but they appreciate this role. Patient satisfaction is also independent of the health care system. Depending on the acquisition of income, specialists have different opinions of GP-gatekeeping. Policymakers want GPs to play a central role within the health care system, but do not commit to full gatekeeping. The GPs and policymakers emphasize the importance of family medicine specialty training. Further international studies are needed to determine if family medicine core values and tasks can be better accomplished by GP-gatekeeping. Specialty training should be mandatory in all countries to enable GPs to fulfill these values and tasks and to act as coordinators and/or gatekeepers.

Volunteering in hospice and palliative care in Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatia Kiyange
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Health Assembly Resolution ◽  
Palliative Care Teams ◽  
Palliative Care Services ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Hospice And Palliative Care

Volunteering in hospice and palliative care in Africa occurs in existing cultures of care for the sick by families and their communities. The high burden of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in sub-Saharan Africa further accelerated the development and involvement of volunteers in the delivery of hospice and palliative care services, as well as other health services. Similar to the Alma Ata Declaration which recognizes the importance of community members in the provision of primary health care, the World Health Assembly resolution on palliative care recognizes the role of volunteers in services. Volunteers are integral to palliative care teams and can help address the human resources crisis in health care systems in Africa. Various models for volunteering have emerged, each with unique characteristics. Different terminologies are also used to describe volunteering in hospice and palliative care, although the roles of volunteers are very similar.

The Medical Factor in Christian Conversion in Africa: Observations from Southeastern Nigeria

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix K. Ekechi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Medical Work ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Christian Conversion ◽  
African Health ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Missionary Societies ◽  
The Impact

This article discusses missionary recruitment strategies from the perspective of missionary medical work in southeastern Nigeria. In other words, it examines missionary use of medical services as the bait to catch converts. Furthermore, the essay discusses the link between disease, missionary medicine, and Christian conversion. Attention is given to the role of culture in the conversion process, as well as to the impact of missionary and colonial medical services on African health care systems. The study is based largely on archival mission sources, including Catholic and Protestant archival materials collected from missionary societies in England, France, Rome, and Nigeria. Finally, it looks at the Catholic and Protestant struggle for dominance via the provision of medical services, and the persistence of traditional African health care systems despite missionary and colonial iconoclastic tendencies.

scholarly journals Expected differential impact of migration on communicable diseases across the EU

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Eu

Two major factors that will affect the pattern of infectious diseases in European countries over the coming decade are the intensifying HIV pandemic (1) and the substantial changes in migration from Sub-Saharan Africa (2). Although migrants and asylum seekers tend to have a better health profile than the rest of the population in their country of origin, their prevalence of current HIV infections and past Tuberculosis and hepatitis B infections will pose a challenge to the prevention and health care systems of host countries. Examination of the latest migration statistics illustrates the differential impact that can be expected between the various countries of the EU.

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