scholarly journals “We don’t want problems”: reasons for denial of legal abortion based on conscientious objection in Mexico and Bolivia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Andrea Küng ◽  
Jasmine Danette Wilkins ◽  
Fernanda Díaz de León ◽  
Freddy Huaraz ◽  
Erin Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Conscientious Objection ◽  
Legal Abortion ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Safe Abortion ◽  
Abortion Law ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Key Population ◽  
Abortion Access ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Abstract Background The misuse of conscientious objection (CO) is a significant barrier to legal abortion access in many countries, especially in Latin America. We examine the reasons for denial of legal abortion services in Mexico and Bolivia and identify ways to mitigate the misuse of CO. Methods We conducted 34 in-depth interviews and 12 focus group discussions in two states in Mexico and four departments in Bolivia. Results were coded and categorized using a thematic analysis approach. Results Denial of abortion services based on CO is widespread in health facilities in Mexico and Bolivia and is primarily employed for reasons other than moral, religious, or ethical considerations. The main reasons for denial of services based on CO is lack of knowledge about abortion-related laws and fear of legal problems in abortion service provision. Conversely, the main reason to provide services is to comply with relevant laws. Denying services under the guise of CO negatively impacts pregnant people and health care teams, including fewer safe abortion options and increased workload and stigma, respectively. Most respondents cited training and education on abortion law as the foremost way to mitigate the negative impacts of the misuse of CO. Conclusions For many health personnel, knowing, understanding, and following the law is reason enough to provide abortion services. Individuals who object due to lack of knowledge about laws and fear of legal problems represent a key population that can be sensitized and equipped with the necessary information and resources to provide legal abortion services.

scholarly journals Quotas: Enabling Conscientious Objection to Coexist with Abortion Access

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Rodger ◽  
Bruce P. Blackshaw
Keyword(s):  
Conscientious Objection ◽  
Legal Abortion ◽  
Moral Integrity ◽  
Quota System ◽  
Medical Trainees ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Abortion Access

AbstractThe debate regarding the role of conscientious objection in healthcare has been protracted, with increasing demands for curbs on conscientious objection. There is a growing body of evidence that indicates that in some cases, high rates of conscientious objection can affect access to legal medical services such as abortion—a major concern of critics of conscientious objection. Moreover, few solutions have been put forward that aim to satisfy both this concern and that of defenders of conscientious objection—being expected to participate in the provision of services that compromise their moral integrity. Here we attempt to bring some resolution to the debate by proposing a pragmatic, long-term solution offering what we believe to be an acceptable compromise—a quota system for medical trainees in specialties where a conscientious objection can be exercised, and is known to cause conflict. We envisage two main objectives of the quota system we propose. First, as a means to introduce conscientious objection into countries where this is not presently permitted. Second, to minimise or eliminate the effects of high rates of conscientious objection in countries such as Italy, where access to legal abortion provision can be negatively affected.

A gap between Law and Practice: A Community’s Perception of Unmarried Women’s Abortion Options in Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Simone Christensen Hald ◽  
Ditte Aagaard Sondergaard
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Safe Abortion ◽  
Community Attitudes ◽  
Abortion Law ◽  
Premarital Sexual Activity ◽  
Premarital Sexual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background In 2002, the Nepalese abortion law went from being highly restrictive to fully liberal. This study aimed to explore a local community’s perception of the situation for unmarried Nepalese women wanting to practice their legal right to abortion.Methods The study comprised a cross-sectional survey and in-depth interviews with men and women above the age of 16 years living in the Makwanpur District, Nepal. The final data included 55 questionnaires and 16 interviews. The questionnaire data was univariate analysed, while a condensation of meaning analysis was carried out on the interviews.Results The overall awareness of abortion being legal was high, although the extent of knowledge of the specific legal grounds varied. Unmarried women were believed to have access to abortion services, although they risked stigmatisation due to their marital status. The community attitude towards these women having abortions was very negative, hence it differed from the legal acceptance of all women having the right to abortion. This was explained by societal norms on premarital sexual activity. Generally, the participants felt that changing attitudes would be difficult but possible over time.Conclusion A considerable gap exists between the legal acceptance of abortion and community attitudes when it comes to unmarried women as this group encounters barriers when wanting to practice their right. Therefore, these barriers need to be addressed to allow unmarried Nepalese women access to safe abortion services without the risk of being stigmatised.One possible alternative is educational initiatives such as disseminating information vigorously through mass media to create awareness.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v12i2.9869 Health Prospect Vol.12(2) 2013: 24-30

WOMEN'S KNOWLEDGE OF ABORTION LAW AND AVAILABILITY OF SERVICES IN NEPAL

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHYAM THAPA ◽  
SHARAD K. SHARMA ◽  
NARESH KHATIWADA
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Safe Abortion ◽  
Abortion Law ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Disadvantaged Women ◽  
Similar Survey ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Higher Educational Attainment

SummaryThis paper assesses women's awareness of the liberalization of abortion law and their knowledge of a place for obtaining abortion services in Nepal. The data are from the 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey. The results are compared with data from a similar survey conducted in 2006. Variations in the two measures among several population sub-groups are analysed by performing logistic regression. Among women aged 15–44, 38.7% (CI: 37.8, 39.6) were aware of the legal status of abortion and 59.8% (CI: 58.9, 60.7) knew of a place to have an abortion. The percentages of both measures varied considerably by various population sub-groups. Over a 5-year period, knowledge of the legality of abortion increased by 6.4 percentage points, and awareness of service delivery sites increased by 3.3 percentage points. The increases in both measures were, however, largely limited to higher wealth quintiles and those with higher educational attainment. The results suggest the need to intensify efforts to educate women in Nepal, particularly the most disadvantaged women, about abortion law, including the conditions under which abortion is permitted, and where to access safe abortion services.

scholarly journals Merging Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain Technologies to Solve Academic Qualification Forgery Issues

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manju Jose
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Academic Qualification ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Economy And Education ◽  
Academic Qualifications

This paper emphasizes the possibility of merging artificial intelligence and Blockchain technologies to solve academic qualifications forgery issues in the educational sectors. Empirical data is collected through interviews with specialists and technical people who are interested in the emerging technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and focus group discussions in the field, as well as from reports in the reviewed literary articles. Scientific journals have also been accessed to analyse the paper goals and objectives. The findings suggest that emerging technologies can be integrated to become more efficient and effective in detecting fraud and forgery before it occurs. Considerable attention should be given to reducing and combating these issues because they have significant negative impacts on the economy and education. Accordingly, the study makes recommendations based on the results and areas of future research, considering the establishment of a unified and integrated system. Initially it will be applied as a pilot in Sultanate of Oman, then gradually it will be extended to the Gulf Cooperation Council States (GCC) and internationally particularly the affiliated and the recognized educational institutions to avoid the phenomena that affects the reputation and quality of education institutions and academic qualifications. The conclusion considers the impacts of the proposed system in the education and economy as well in general.

scholarly journals The impact of gynecologists’ conscientious objection on abortion access

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 102403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Autorino ◽  
Francesco Mattioli ◽  
Letizia Mencarini
Keyword(s):  
Conscientious Objection ◽  
Abortion Access ◽  
The Impact

“Glorious Mothers” and “Rational Women”: A Comparative Analysis of the Chinese and English Regulatory Models of Abortion

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-774
Author(s):  
Weiwei Cao
Keyword(s):  
Law Reform ◽  
Life Choices ◽  
Safe Abortion ◽  
Critical Response ◽  
Abortion Law ◽  
Regulatory Strategies ◽  
And Control ◽  
Women In Decision Making ◽  
Chinese And English ◽  
Regulatory Models

Abstract Access to safe abortion is essential to satisfy women’s need for healthcare and control over their life choices. Modern regulation of abortion appears to be female friendly because it abandons the old oppressive appearance and wears a liberal face. By examining the images of “glorious mothers” and “rational women” constructed by the Chinese and English regulatory models of abortion through a feminist lens, this Article aims to offer a more critical response to the two jurisdictions. Furthermore, by comparing the two models of abortion law, the Article provides feminists and reformers with a chance to learn about each other’s experiences and different regulatory strategies. As a result, they will be able to view the merits and shortcomings of their national abortion law from a fresh angle. Finally, this comparative study offers a basis for feasible law reform proposals that would empower women in decision making concerning abortion.

scholarly journals Hospital Accreditation: What Difficulties Does It Face in Iran?

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Janati ◽  
Reza Ebrahimoghli ◽  
Ali Ebadi ◽  
Firooz Toofan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Policy ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Hospital Accreditation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Data Saturation ◽  
Accreditation Programme ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Goals And Objectives

INTRODUCTION: To determine if an established programme is achieving desired goals and objectives, in other words being effective, health-care policy makers need to recognise and cope with its challenges. This paper made an effort to pinpoint the main difficulties which appear on the way to successful implementation of the Iranian hospital accreditation programme, from perspective of hospitals medical and clinical staff, and accreditation authorities.MATERIAL & METHODS: applying a qualitative approach, we used semi-structured discussion guide in Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), as well as semi-structured In-Depth Interviews (IDIs) with purposively selected hospitals staff and accreditation programme authorities. Data collection was conducted in Iranian universities of medical sciences from June to September 2014. In order to analyse collected opinions, thematic content analysis was applied independently by two authors.FINDINGS: In addition to four independent FGDs with 27 participants, conducting seven individual IDIs were enough to reach data saturation. A total of 25 subthemes were emerged under five main themes. Participants were of the opinion that the accreditation problems include fundamental deficiencies in the Iranian healthcare system, poor design of the programme, deficiencies within hospitals, difficulties in surveyors and survey processes and negative impacts of the accreditation on hospitals.DISCUSSION: difficulties with the accreditation programme arise from a wide variety of sources. Decision-makers’ achievements in the desired goals lie on recognizing and resolving them.

‘Fight Abortion, Not Women’

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-44
Author(s):  
Michele Rivkin-Fish
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Reproductive Rights ◽  
Moral Economy ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Legal Abortion ◽  
State Support ◽  
Abortion Politics ◽  
Abortion Access ◽  
Intimate Relations

This article traces the conceptual emergence and development of feminist-oriented abortion politics in urban Russia between 2011 and 2015. Examined as an example of local adaptions of global reproductive rights movements, Russians’ advocacy for abortion access reflects commitments and tensions characterising post-Soviet feminism. Specifically, I show how calls to preserve women’s access to legal abortion have drawn on both socialist-inspired ideals of state support for families and liberal-oriented ideas of individual autonomy. Attention to the logics underlying abortion activists’ rhetoric reveals the specific historical sensibilities and shifting cultural values at stake in the ways progressive Russian activists construe justice. The analytic concept of ‘moral economy’ brings into relief how their advocacy evokes ideal visions of reciprocal obligations and uncertainties in both state-citizen relations and intimate relations. I argue that contextualised analyses of local feminist abortion politics may enrich global debates for reproductive rights and justice.

scholarly journals Estimating the incidence of abortion: using the Abortion Incidence Complications Methodology in Ghana, 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. e002130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea B Polis ◽  
Philicia W Castillo ◽  
Easmon Otupiri ◽  
Sarah C Keogh ◽  
Rubina Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Induced Abortion ◽  
Safe Abortion ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Abortion Law ◽  
Induced Abortions ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Northern Zone ◽  
Annual Estimate ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Abortion Incidence

IntroductionInduced abortion is legally permitted in Ghana under specific conditions, but access to services that meet guidelines approved by government is limited. As part of a larger project comparing five methodologies to estimate abortion incidence, we implemented an indirect estimation approach: the Abortion Incidence Complications Methodology (AICM), to understand the incidence of abortion in Ghana in 2017.MethodsWe drew a nationally representative, two-stage, stratified sample of health facilities. We used information from 539 responding facilities to estimate treated complications stemming from illegal induced abortions, and to estimate the number of legal abortions provided. We used information from 146 knowledgeable informants to generate zonal multipliers representing the inverse of the proportion of illegal induced abortions treated for complications in facilities in Ghana’s three ecological zones. We applied multipliers to estimates of treated complications from illegal abortions, and added legal abortions to obtain an annual estimate of all induced abortions.ResultsThe AICM approach suggests that approximately 200 000 abortions occurred in Ghana in 2017, corresponding to a national abortion rate of 26.8 (95% CI 21.7 to 31.9) per 1000 women 15–49. Abortion rates were lowest in the Northern zone (18.6) and highest in the Middle zone (30.4). Of all abortions, 71% were illegal.ConclusionDespite Ghana’s relatively liberal abortion law and efforts to expand access to safe abortion services, illegal induced abortion appears common. A concurrently published paper compares the AICM-derived estimates presented in this paper to those from other methodological approaches.

scholarly journals Status of Abortion Services in Jumla

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjupa Shrestha ◽  
S. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Abortion Rate ◽  
Abortion Service ◽  
District Health ◽  
Safe Abortion ◽  
Abortion Law ◽  
The Status ◽  
Post Abortion

Introduction: Abortion was legalized in Nepal in September 2002. Only a trained and listed provider can provide abortion services at a health. For many women, especially in developing countries like Nepal, safe abortion may not be available, affordable or accessible despite the liberalization of abortion law. The aim of this study was to determine the status of abortion in Jumla. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted from the record of District Health Office; Jumla from the month of Ashad 2074 to Jestha 2075. Total Enumerative sampling technique was used. Data of public health sector and Marie Stopes Center, Jumla were retrieved and analyzed in terms of frequency, rate, and percentage. Results: Total 1196 women have received abortion services and abortion rate was 36.077 per 1000 (15-49 Years women). Most of the women(90%) were more than 20 years of age and majority of women (82%) chose medical method for abortion service. Majority (88.62%) have used Post abortion family Planning services. Conclusions: The abortion rate of Jumla was still high. Nine out of ten women who received abortion services were more than 20 years of age. Women preferred medical method rather than surgical method for abortion service. Nearly one tenth women had not used any post abortion family planning method.

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