scholarly journals Angiogenesis in mammary Paget disease: histopathological analyses of blood vessel density and angiogenic factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Akishima-Fukasawa ◽  
Naoko Honma ◽  
Hideaki Ogata ◽  
Yoshikiyo Akasaka ◽  
Tetuo Mikami
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Lumen Area ◽  
Immunohistochemical Expression ◽  
Clinical Imaging ◽  
Paget Disease ◽  
Vessel Lumen ◽  
And Control ◽  
Expression Score

Abstract Background We examined the vascularity of mammary Paget disease histologically to confirm the increased blood flow observed previously by clinical imaging. The relationships among blood vessel density (BVD), histopathological parameters of blood flow in the nipple, and the expression of angiogenic factors such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) were examined. Methods We calculated the average CD34-positive BVD and podoplanin (D2–40)-positive lymphatic vessel density (LVD) and the proportion of proliferating of endothelial cells in 14 Paget disease, 3 dermatitis biopsy, and 14 age-matched control cases. As a parameter related to blood flow in the nipple, the total CD34-positive blood vessel lumen area relative to the entire nipple area was measured in each Paget disease and control case using an automated image analysis system. Immunohistochemical expression of bFGF and VEGFA in Paget cells was also examined. Results The average BVD and LVD were significantly higher in the Paget disease cases than in the dermatitis (p = 0.003) and control (p < 0.001) cases. The proportion of proliferating endothelial cells was also increased in the Paget disease cases. The ratio of the CD34-positive blood vessel lumen area to nipple area was also significantly higher in the Paget disease than control cases (p = 0.003). The average BVD was correlated with the average LVD (r = 0.734, p < 0.001) and ratio of the blood vessel lumen area to nipple area (r = 0.692, p < 0.001). Immunohistochemical expression of bFGF was strong in all Paget disease cases, with a significantly higher expression score in the Paget disease than dermatitis (p = 0.003) and control (p < 0.001) cases. The bFGF, but not VEGFA, expression score, was strongly correlated with the average BVD (r = 0.818, p < 0.001) and ratio of the blood vessel lumen area to nipple area (r = 0.503, p = 0.006). Conclusion These results provide direct histopathological evidence of a marked increase in nipple blood flow in Paget disease detected by clinical imaging. bFGF is considered to play a pivotal role in angiogenesis in mammary Paget disease.

Blood Vessel Density Measured Using Dynamic Optical Coherence Tomography is a Tool for Wound Healers

2021 ◽  
pp. 153473462110173
Author(s):  
Rajgopal Mani ◽  
Jon Holmes ◽  
Kittipan Rerkasem ◽  
Nikolaos Papanas
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Skin Microcirculation ◽  
Wound Edge ◽  
Venous Ulcers ◽  
Oct Imaging

Dynamic optical coherence tomography (D-OCT) is a relatively new technique that may be used to study the substructures in the retina, in the skin and its microcirculation. Furthermore, D-OCT is a validated method of imaging blood flow in skin microcirculation. The skin around venous and mixed arterio-venous ulcers was imaged and found to have tortuous vessels assumed to be angiogenic sprouts, and classified as dots, blobs, coils, clumps, lines, and curves. When these images were analyzed and measurements of vessel density were made, it was observed that the prevalence of coils and clumps in wound borders was significantly greater compared with those at wound centers. This reinforced the belief of inward growth of vessels from wound edge toward wound center which, in turn, reposed confidence in following the wound edge to study healing. D-OCT imaging permits the structure and the function of the microcirculation to be imaged, and vessel density measured. This offers a new vista of skin microcirculation and using it, to better understand angiogenesis in chronic wounds.

Effects of elevated CO2 and different nutrient supplies on wood structure of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and gray poplar (Populus × canescens)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Lotfiomran ◽  
Jörg Fromm ◽  
Gerrit A. Luinstra
Keyword(s):  
Ring Width ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Lumen Area ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Annual Ring Width ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Vessel Lumen ◽  
Annual Growth Rings

Anatomical responses and annual ring-width of beech and poplar saplings were studied under elevated CO2-concentrations (770/950 ppm) with different nu-trient supplies during two growth periods. At the end of each growth season, saplings were harvested and stem vessel characteristics as well as annual growth-rings were analysed. In both study years, elevated CO2 caused a significant increase in ring width (RW) of beech but not of poplar. However, fertilization increased RW in poplar saplings. In beech total vessel lumen area (TVLA) and vessel density (VD) increased under elevated CO2 and both parameters decreased by fertilization. Poplar saplings grown under elevated CO2 had significantly larger vessels as well as TVLA while fertilization induced reduction in average vessel lumen area (AVLA) and TVLA. Vessel density of poplar showed no significant response to different growth conditions. Altogether, the effects of elevated CO2 and fertilization on anatomical features were independent of each other.

Effects of l-Epinephrine and l-Norepinephrine on Foot Vasculature After Sympathectomy in Dogs

1958 ◽  
Vol 193 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Ederstrom ◽  
T. Vergeer ◽  
W. W. Oppelt
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Lumbar Sympathectomy ◽  
Saphenous Veins ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Changes ◽  
And Control

The acutely sympathectomized foot of dogs was less responsive to intra-arterially infused l-epinephrine and l-norepinephrine than the opposite control leg, as indicated by blood flow in the saphenous veins. In chronically sympathectomized legs, blood flow methods failed to disclose any increased sensitivity to intra-arterially or or intravenously infused epinephrine and norepinephrine. The degree of vasoconstriction induced by the two drugs was about equal, as was the rise in mean blood pressure. Blood vessel strips removed from the operated and control legs and tested in vitro responded differently to epinephrine and norepinephrine in that chronically sympathectomized vessels were twice as responsive to the two amines as were the controls. Chronic lumbar sympathectomy undoubtedly produced sensitivity changes in the leg vasculature, and while this was not demonstrable in the intact preparation it could be shown by in vitro studies.

Tree-ring width and vessel characteristics of oriental beech (Fagus Orientalis) along an altitudinal gradient in the caspian forests, northern iran

IAWA Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kambiz Pourtahmasi ◽  
Neda Lotfiomran ◽  
Achim Bräuning ◽  
Davoud Parsapajouh
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Lumen Area ◽  
Tree Ring Width ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Fagus Orientalis ◽  
Oriental Beech ◽  
Vessel Lumen

Vessel features of broadleaf trees may contain information about both spatial and temporal variations of environmental conditions. We report quantitative data about annual vessel characteristics for Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) in the Caspian forest in the Alborz Mountains, northern Iran. Time series of tree-ring width and of various vessel variables were constructed over a 50-year period for three sites along an altitudinal gradient from 1260 to 2200 m a.s.l. We evaluated the dependencies between ring width and vessel variables and estimated the influence of altitude and climate on these variables.Mean ring width and average vessel-lumen area decreased towards the high-elevation site whereas total vessel-lumen area was independent from altitude, and vessel density increased. Above-average warm summer and autumn seasons in the year prior to growth were negatively correlated with ring width and average vessel-lumen area whereas precipitation in the current June showed a positive association; vessel density responded exactly opposite to these climatic variables. Total vessel-lumen area was the only variable that reacted differently from site to site, mainly positively to temperature at 1200 m a.s.l. and negatively at 2000 and 2200 m a.s.l., whereas a consistent response to precipitation was lacking. The results indicate that vessel variables are meaningful indicators of changes in dynamics of wood formation in relation to climate along an altitudinal gradient in the Caspian mountains. As for climate reconstruction, we have to conclude that for our study area, vessel variables do not add much to information derived from ring width.

scholarly journals Application of Non-thermal Commscope Irradiation in Preventing Com- plications of Hemodialysis Fistula

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leng Hui
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Blood Flow Rate ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Long Time ◽  
And Control

Abstract: Objective: To ensure that the patient’s treatment and control of the patient’s blood in the course of long-term dialysis, in order to ensure the blood flow rate at the rate of hemodialysis in the blood vessel of hemodialysis patients, mortality rate. Methods: In many Western countries, it has been found from the experience of long-term accumulation, arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the first choice for long-term dialysis blood patients, which has a lot of a little bit, not only from the infection rate and blood flow, which has a lot of advantages.But its existence is also a lot of complications, non-thermal Commscope irradiation is a very effective way. Results: The method was compared with the method, and it was found that P <0.05, which was statistically significant. Conclusion: AVF is the preferred method of vascular access in patients with persistent dialysis, which is very easy to be punctured and has a very long time for maintenance. It is very important to carry out the treatment, treatment and surveillance of AVF complications and the use of means.

scholarly journals Testicular immune cells and vasculature in Klinefelter syndrome from childhood up to adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1753-1764
Author(s):  
Margo Willems ◽  
Veerle Vloeberghs ◽  
Inge Gies ◽  
Jean De Schepper ◽  
Herman Tournaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Blood Vessel Density ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Samples

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Is the distribution of immune cells and the testicular vasculature altered in testicular biopsies from patients with Klinefelter syndrome (KS)? SUMMARY ANSWER Increased numbers of macrophages and mast cells, an increased expression of decorin and an increased blood vessel density were found in KS samples compared to controls. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Most KS patients are infertile due to an early germ cell loss. From puberty onwards, testicular fibrosis can be detected. How this fibrotic process is initiated remains unknown. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION In this study, the number of macrophages, mast cells and their secretory products were evaluated in KS, Sertoli cell only (SCO) and control patient samples. The association between immune cell numbers and level of fibrosis in KS tissue was examined. In addition, the vascularization within these testicular tissue biopsies was studied. For immunohistochemical evaluation, KS patients at different stages of testicular development were included: prepubertal (aged 4–7 years; n = 4), peripubertal (aged 11–17 years; n = 21) and adult (aged &gt;18 years; n = 37) patients. In addition, testicular tissue biopsies of adult SCO (n = 33) and control samples for the three KS age groups (prepubertal n = 9; peripubertal n = 5; adult n = 25) were analysed. Gene expression analysis was performed on adult testicular tissue from KS (n = 5), SCO (n = 5) and control (n = 5) patients. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Adult (&gt;18 years) KS, SCO and control testicular tissue biopsies were obtained during a testicular sperm extraction procedure. KS peripubertal (11–18 years), prepubertal (&lt;11 years) and age-matched control biopsies were obtained from the biobank of the university hospital. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the tubular structure (H/PAS), the number of spermatogonia (MAGE-A4), macrophages (CD68) and mast cells (tryptase) and the blood vessel density (Von Willebrand factor). In addition, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the expression of secretory products of macrophages and mast cells (tryptase, tumour necrosis factor alpha and decorin). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A significant increase in the number of macrophages (P &lt; 0.0001) and mast cells (P = 0.0008) was found in the peritubular compartment of testes of adult KS patients compared to control samples. However, no association between the number of immune cells and the degree of fibrosis was observed. In adult SCO samples, a significant increase was seen for peritubular macrophage (P &lt; 0.0001) and mast cell (P &lt; 0.0001) numbers compared to control samples. In the interstitial compartment, a significant increase in mast cell number was found in adult SCO samples compared to KS (P &lt; 0.0001) and control (P &lt; 0.0001) tissue. A significant difference (P = 0.0431) in decorin expression could be detected in adult KS compared to control patients. Decorin expression was mostly seen in the walls of the seminiferous tubules. When comparing the vascularization between KS patients and age-matched controls, a significant increase (P = 0.0081) in blood vessel density could be observed only in prepubertal KS testicular tissue. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION As controls for this study, testicular tissue biopsies of men who underwent a vasectomy reversal or orchiectomy were used, but these men may not represent fertile controls. In addition, a high variability in immune cell numbers, secretory products expression and number of blood vessels could be observed amongst all patient samples. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Increased numbers of macrophages and mast cells have previously been described in non-KS infertile men. Our results show that these increased numbers can also be detected in KS testicular tissue. However, no association between the number of macrophages or mast cells and the degree of fibrosis in KS samples could be detected. Decorin has previously been described in relation to fibrosis, but it has not yet been associated with testicular fibrosis in KS. Our results suggest a role for this proteoglycan in the fibrotic process since an increased expression was observed in adult KS tissue compared to controls. Impaired vascularization in KS men was suggested to be responsible for the KS-related disturbed hormone levels. Our results show a significant difference in blood vessel density, especially for the smallest blood vessels, between prepubertal KS samples and age-matched controls. This is the first study to report differences between KS and control testicular tissue at prepubertal age. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The project was funded by grants from the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (E.G.) and the scientific Fund Willy Gepts from the UZ Brussel (D.V.S.). D.V.S. is a post-doctoral fellow of the Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO; 12M2819N). No conflict of interest is declared for this research project.

COMPARISON OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE EFFECT OF MOXONIDINE VERSUS CLONIDINE IN RENAL FAILURE PATIENTS.

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
DR.MATHEW GEORGE ◽  
DR.LINCY JOSEPH ◽  
MRS.DEEPTHI MATHEW ◽  
ALISHA MARIA SHAJI ◽  
BIJI JOSEPH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Antihypertensive Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ability To Work ◽  
Blood Flows

Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against blood vessel walls as the heart pumps out blood, and high blood pressure, also called hypertension, is an increase in the amount of force that blood places on blood vessels as it moves through the body. Factors that can increase this force include higher blood volume due to extra fluid in the blood and blood vessels that are narrow, stiff, or clogged(1). High blood pressure can damage blood vessels in the kidneys, reducing their ability to work properly. When the force of blood flow is high, blood vessels stretch so blood flows more easily. Eventually, this stretching scars and weakens blood vessels throughout the body, including those in the kidneys.

scholarly journals Phosphorylation of pericyte FAK-Y861 affects tumour cell apoptosis and tumour blood vessel regression

Angiogenesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine M. Lees ◽  
Louise E. Reynolds ◽  
Ana Rita Pedrosa ◽  
Marina Roy-Luzarraga ◽  
Kairbaan M. Hodivala-Dilke
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Tumour Growth ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cell ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Blood Vessel Density ◽  
Tumour Vessel ◽  
Vessel Regression ◽  
Tumour Blood

AbstractFocal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that is overexpressed in many cancer types and in vivo studies have shown that vascular endothelial cell FAK expression and FAK-phosphorylation at tyrosine (Y) 397, and subsequently FAK-Y861, are important in tumour angiogenesis. Pericytes also play a vital role in regulating tumour blood vessel stabilisation, but the specific involvement of pericyte FAK-Y397 and FAK-Y861 phosphorylation in tumour blood vessels is unknown. Using PdgfrβCre + ;FAKWT/WT, PdgfrβCre + ;FAKY397F/Y397F and PdgfrβCre + ;FAKY861F/Y861F mice, our data demonstrate that tumour growth, tumour blood vessel density, blood vessel perfusion and pericyte coverage were affected only in late stage tumours in PdgfrβCre + ;FAKY861F/Y861F but not PdgfrβCre + ;FAKY397F/Y397F mice. Further examination indicates a dual role for pericyte FAK-Y861 phosphorylation in the regulation of tumour vessel regression and also in the control of pericyte derived signals that influence apoptosis in cancer cells. Overall this study identifies the role of pericyte FAK-Y861 in the regulation of tumour vessel regression and tumour growth control and that non-phosphorylatable FAK-Y861F in pericytes reduces tumour growth and blood vessel density.

scholarly journals Macular vessel density and foveal avascular zone parameters in patients after acute primary angle closure determined by OCT angiography

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangcheng Liu ◽  
Huizhuo Xu ◽  
Haibo Jiang ◽  
Hua Wang ◽  
Pingbao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Angle Closure ◽  
Acute Primary Angle Closure ◽  
Primary Angle Closure ◽  
Circularity Index ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
And Control

Abstract This study analyzed the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) macular parameters in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) patients after acute primary angle closure (APAC) episodes. Thirty-three patients with 33 APAC eyes and 33 primary angle closure suspect (PACS) eyes and 33 age-matched normal subjects (controls) were enrolled. Macular vessel density (VD) in central, inner, outer and full regions and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters (area, perimeter and circularity index) were compared between APAC, PACS, and control eyes. For resolved APAC eyes, the VD in each macular region was significantly lower than that in control eyes, with less central and inner macular VD than PACS eyes. The central macular VD was significantly lower in PACS eyes than in controls. There was no difference in FAZ area and perimeter between APAC, PACS, and control eyes. FAZ circularity was highest in control eyes, followed by PACS eyes, and lowest in APAC eyes. The AUC, sensitivity and specificity of FAZ circularity were 0.944, 93.9% and 84.8%, respectively, in APAC eyes and 0.881, 84.8% and 81.8%, respectively, in PACS eyes. Therefore, FAZ circularity had the best discrimination capability for detecting both APAC and PACS eyes. Macular assessment with OCTA could provide an accurate early-stage diagnostic tool for PACG.

scholarly journals Increased Skin Inflammation and Blood Vessel Density in Human and Experimental Diabetes

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Tellechea ◽  
Antonios Kafanas ◽  
Ermelindo C. Leal ◽  
Francesco Tecilazich ◽  
Sarada Kuchibhotla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Experimental Diabetes ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Skin Inflammation ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Impaired Wound Healing ◽  
Blood Vessel Density ◽  
Skin Blood Vessels

Systemic inflammation is associated with impaired wound healing in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Using immunohistochemistry techniques, the authors investigated changes in skin inflammation and skin blood vessels in human and experimental diabetes. Comparing to the non-DM human subjects, the total number of inflammatory cells per biopsy and the number of inflammatory cells around blood vessels, a strong indication of inflammation, were higher in DM subjects irrespective of their risk for developing diabetic foot ulcer. Inflammatory cell infiltration was robustly increased in all DM animal models compared with their non-DM controls. The number and density of blood vessels and CD31 positive proliferating endothelial cells around preexisting skin vessels was also higher in the DM patients. However, there were no differences in the skin blood flow between the non-DM and DM subjects. The number of skin blood vessels was also increased in the DM animals; however, these differences were less obvious than the ones observed for inflammatory cells. We conclude that skin inflammation and skin blood vessel density is increased in diabetic human subjects and in rodent and rabbit models of diabetes.

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