Feeding in the first six months of life is associated with the probability of having bronchiolitis: a cohort study in Spain

Abstract Background Breastfeeding is associated with lower incidence and severity of lower respiratory tract disease. However, little is known about the relationship between feeding type and breastfeeding duration with bronchiolitis in a child’s first year. Methods A prospective cohort study of 969 newborn babies were followed-up for 12 months to determine breastfeeding duration, feeding type, feeding trajectory, and bronchiolitis episodes at Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Spain in 2018. Type of feeding was recorded by interviewing mothers at the time of hospital discharge and at 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12 months of life, in three categories: breastfeeding, mixed feeding and infant formula. Type of feeding at hospital discharge refers to feeding from birth to discharge. In any other times studied, it refers to feeding in the last 24 h. The association between the feeding type and bronchiolitis was analysed using logistic regression. Poisson regression was used to evaluate the association between feeding type and the number of bronchiolitis episodes with Kaplan-Meier estimators presenting the cumulative probability of suffering bronchiolitis. The results were adjusted for mother and child characteristics. Results Our data shows exclusive breastfeeding and mixed breastfeeding reduce the number of episodes of bronchiolitis. Regarding feeding at 4 months, exclusive breastfeeding reduced by 41% the number of episodes of bronchiolitis (adjusted incidence Ratio (aIR) 0.59, 95% CI 0.46, 0.76) and mixed feeding by 37% (aIR 0.63, 95% CI 0.47, 0.86). Moreover, changing from exclusive breastfeeding to mixed feeding increased the incidence of bronchiolitis compared with continuing exclusive breastfeeding. An early swap to mixed breastfeeding before months 2 or 4, was associated with a reduced the number of episodes of bronchiolitis, (aIR 0.53, 95% CI 0.39, 0.73 if introduction of mixed breastfeeding before month 2, and aIR 0.61, 95% CI 0.45, 0.83 if introduction of mixed breastfeeding before month 4), when compared with infant formula alone. Conclusions Any breastfeeding was associated with lower incidence of bronchiolitis and number of episodes of bronchiolitis in the first year of life. Consequently, promoting programmes facilitating exclusive or mixed breastfeeding would be a relevant measure in the prevention of bronchiolitis.

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Early infant feeding practices in Ireland; current and secular analyses of infant feeding in two prospective birth cohort studies

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s002966512000107x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Andrea Hemmingway ◽

Dawn Fisher ◽

Teresa Berkery ◽

Mairead E Kiely

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Hospital Discharge ◽

Infant Feeding ◽

Infant Formula ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

World Health ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Infant Feeding Practices

AbstractRecognised as the optimum infant feeding method, breastfeeding affords substantial health benefits to mother and infant. Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended to 6 months, with continuation thereafter. In Ireland, data indicates that 60% breastfeed to any extent at hospital discharge and 40% do so at 3 months. However, nationally collected data is limited in detail, particularly with regard to breastfeeding continuation. The ongoing Cork-based COMBINE birth cohort study recruited 456 participants between 2015 and 2017. Through interviewer-led questionnaires, research midwives collected feeding data at hospital discharge, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 9 months of age. Infant feeding was classed as breast (breastmilk as main milk source), combination (both breastmilk and infant formula daily) or infant formula only feeding. Adherence to the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommendation to exclusively breastfeed (breastmilk only, no infant formula, supplementary fluids or solid foods) was examined longitudinally. To explore secular changes, breastfeeding rates in COMBINE were compared to the BASELINE birth cohort study, which recruited participants (n = 2116) between 2008 and 2011 in the same setting. In COMBINE, 75% of mothers provided any breastmilk (breast or combination) at hospital discharge, of whom 44% breastfed only. Two-fifths (40%), one-third (33%) and one-quarter (24%) breastfed at 1, 4 and 6 months, respectively. Combination feeding of breastmilk and infant formula was prevalent at discharge (31%) and 1 month (20%). Advice from healthcare professionals (31%) and concern baby was hungry (30%) were commonly reported reasons for this practice and throughout the study, mothers who combination fed were more likely to stop breastfeeding altogether than those who breastfed (all P < 0.001). Infant formula only feeding increased from 25% at discharge to 40% at 1 month, 49% at 2 months and 74% at 9 months. Half (45%) of mothers who breastfed did so for less than 4 months and insufficient milk/growth faltering was the most commonly cited reason for cessation (27%). The rate of WHO-defined exclusive breastfeeding was 40% from birth to discharge, 22% to 1 month, 15% to 4 months and 2% to 6 months. The breastfeeding (breastmilk as main milk source) rate at discharge did not differ between our two birth cohorts (44 vs. 40%, P = 0.23), but was significantly higher in COMBINE compared to BASELINE at 2 (36 vs. 27%) and 6 (24 vs. 12%) months (both P < 0.05). While these data provide evidence of some progress towards longer breastfeeding durations, there remains much scope to improve infant feeding practices in Ireland.

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Influences of Cesarean Delivery on Breastfeeding Practices and Duration: A Prospective Cohort Study

Journal of Human Lactation ◽

10.1177/0890334417741434 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 526-534 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Cheng Chen ◽

Yan Yan ◽

Xiao Gao ◽

Shiting Xiang ◽

Qiong He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Regression Model ◽

Cesarean Delivery ◽

Vaginal Delivery ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Breastfeeding Duration ◽

Breastfeeding Initiation ◽

Breastfeeding Practices

Background: Mothers are encouraged to exclusively breastfeed for the first 6 months. However, cesarean delivery rates have increased worldwide, which may affect breastfeeding. Research aim: This study aimed to determine the potential effects of cesarean delivery on breastfeeding practices and breastfeeding duration. Methods: This was a 6-month cohort study extracted from a 24-month prospective cohort study of mother–infant pairs in three communities in Hunan, China. Data about participants’ characteristics, delivery methods, breastfeeding initiation, use of formula in the hospital, exclusive breastfeeding, and any breastfeeding were collected at 1, 3, and 6 months following each infant’s birth. The chi-square test, logistic regression model, and Cox proportional hazard regression model were used to examine the relationship between breastfeeding practices and cesarean delivery. Results: The number of women who had a cesarean delivery was 387 (40.6%), and 567 (59.4%) women had a vaginal delivery. The exclusive breastfeeding rates at 1, 3, and 6 months were 80.2%, 67.4%, and 21.5%, respectively. Women who had a cesarean delivery showed a lower rate of exclusive breastfeeding and any breastfeeding than those who had a vaginal delivery ( p < .05). In addition, cesarean delivery was related with using formula in the hospital and delayed breastfeeding initiation. Cesarean delivery also shortened the breastfeeding duration (hazard ratio = 1.40, 95% confidence interval [1.06, 1.84]). Conclusion: Healthcare professionals should provide more breastfeeding skills to women who have a cesarean delivery and warn mothers about the dangers of elective cesarean section for breastfeeding practices.

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Infant Feeding Mode Predicts the Costs of Healthcare Services in One Region of Canada: a Data Linkage Study

10.21203/rs.2.16329/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Alicia Kimberlyn Taylor ◽

Sharmeen Chowdhury ◽

Zhiwei Gao ◽

Hai Van Nguyen ◽

William Midodzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Infant Feeding ◽

Healthcare Service ◽

Service Use ◽

Data Linkage ◽

First Year ◽

Mixed Feeding ◽

Feeding Mode ◽

Healthcare Service Use ◽

First Year Of Life

Abstract Background Few studies have examined the association between infant feeding mode (IFM) and costs related to healthcare service use (HSU) in Canada. The aim of this study is to evaluate differences in HSU and its associated costs by IFM, in an infant’s first year of life in one region of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.Methods Data from a prospective cohort study were linked to administrative databases to examine HSU during an infant’s first year of life. The cohort study collected information on peri- and postnatal variables, including IFM during three stages that covered pregnancy through the first year postnatally. Consenting mothers provided their infants health insurance number for a data linkage to examine HSU by the infant. Outcomes included: hospital admissions, emergency room, family doctor and specialist visits. IFM was categorized as exclusively breastfed, mixed fed and exclusively formula fed. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis were performed to examine the relationship between IFM, maternal and child characteristics and costs associated with HSU.Results The sample included 160 mother infant dyads who consented to the data linkage. Mothers were Caucasian (95.6%), 26 years or older (95%), partnered (97.5%), living in a household with income greater than $30,000 CAN (98.1%) with a post-secondary education (97.5%). At one month 67% were exclusively breastfeeding, 20% were mixed feeding, and 13% were exclusively formula feeding. Overall $315,235 was spent on healthcare service use for the sample of healthy full-term infants during their first year of life. Generalized linear modelling was performed to assess the effect of IFM on costs associated with HSU adjusting for confounders. When compared to exclusive breastfeeding, exclusive formula and mixed feeding were found to be significant predictors of the total costs associated with HSU during the first year of life (p <0.05), driven by costs of hospital admissions.Conclusions Due to the human and economic burden associated with not breastfeeding, policies and programs that support and encourage breastfeeding should be a priority for governments and regional health authorities.

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Breastfeeding and introduction of solid foods in Swedish infants: the All Babies in Southeast Sweden study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn20051499 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 94 (3) ◽

pp. 377-382 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Hilde K. Brekke ◽

Jonas F. Ludvigsson ◽

Jenny van Odijk ◽

Johnny Ludvigsson

Keyword(s):

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Solid Food ◽

Breastfeeding Duration ◽

First Year ◽

Solid Foods ◽

Screening Questionnaires ◽

Food Diaries ◽

Breast Fed

The aim of this report is to describe breastfeeding duration and introduction of foods in Swedish infants born 1997–9, in relation to current recommendations. A secondary aim is to examine breastfeeding duration and introduction of certain allergenic foods in allergy-risk families (for whom allergy-preventive advice has been issued). Out of 21 700 invited infants, screening questionnaires were completed for 16 070 infants after delivery. Parents to 11 081 infants completed a follow-up questionnaire regarding breastfeeding and introduction of foods and 9849 handed in detailed food diaries at 1 year of age. The percentages of infants who were exclusively breast-fed at 3, 6 and ≥9 months of age were 78·4, 10·1 and 3·9, respectively. The corresponding percentages for partial breastfeeding were 87·8, 68·9 and 43·6. Gluten-containing foods were introduced to 66 % of infants between 4 and 6 months, as recommended at the time of the study, and one-quarter had stopped breastfeeding when gluten was introduced. More than 90 % of parents introduced the first sample of solid food during months 4–6, as recommended. Fish and eggs had been introduced during the first year in 43 % and 29 %, respectively, of infants with atopic heredity. Exclusive breastfeeding duration and time of introduction of solid foods, including gluten, seemed to have been in line with Swedish recommendations at the time, although gluten was often introduced late, and not during ongoing breastfeeding as recommended. The adherence to allergy-preventive advice was less than optimal in infants with atopic heredity.

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How multiple episodes of exclusive breastfeeding impact estimates of exclusive breastfeeding duration: report from the eight‐site MAL‐ED birth cohort study

Maternal and Child Nutrition ◽

10.1111/mcn.12352 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 740-756 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ramya Ambikapathi ◽

Margaret N. Kosek ◽

Gwenyth O. Lee ◽

Cloupas Mahopo ◽

Crystal L. Patil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Breastfeeding Duration ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Multiple Episodes

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Breastfeeding satisfaction post hospital discharge and associated factors – a longitudinal cohort study of mothers of preterm infants

International Breastfeeding Journal ◽

10.1186/s13006-021-00374-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jenny Ericson ◽

Erik Lampa ◽

Renée Flacking

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Parental Stress ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Breastfeeding Duration ◽

First Year ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Mothers Of Preterm Infants

Abstract Background Mothers’ satisfaction with breastfeeding is important for breastfeeding duration but rarely investigated in mothers of preterm infants. The aim of this study was to describe breastfeeding satisfaction and associated factors during the first year in mothers of preterm infants (gestational age < 37 weeks). Methods This longitudinal cohort study, based on secondary analysis data from a randomized controlled trial, included 493 mothers of 547 preterm infants. Data on breastfeeding duration and satisfaction, parental stress and attachment were collected at 8 weeks post discharge, and at 6 and 12 months after birth. Breastfeeding satisfaction was measured by the Maternal Breastfeeding Evaluation Scale. Descriptive statistics and linear mixed effect models were used when analyzing the data. Results During the first 12 months breastfeeding satisfaction increased in the mean summary scores and points in the dimensions “role attainment” and “lifestyle and maternal body image”. In the dimension “infant growth and satisfaction”, there was an increase in mean points from 6 to 12 months after birth, but not between 8 weeks after discharge and 12 months after birth. The findings also showed that partial and no breastfeeding, higher parental stress, and infant gestational age < 32 weeks were associated with decreased breastfeeding satisfaction. Older maternal age and greater maternal attachment were associated with increased maternal breastfeeding satisfaction. There were no associations between maternal breastfeeding satisfaction and maternal educational level, parity, multiple birth, or maternal birth country other than Sweden, during the first 12 months after birth. Conclusions Breastfeeding satisfaction was clearly associated with breastfeeding duration during the first year after birth. Breastfeeding satisfaction may be important to take into account when supporting breastfeeding and when designing interventions to support breastfeeding. Furthermore, these findings highlight the complexity of breastfeeding and emphasize the need for early and good support during neonatal care, so that mothers feel trust in themselves and their infant and in exclusive breastfeeding at discharge and in the first months thereafter. Trial registration The randomized controlled trial was registered NCT01806480 with www.clinicaltrials.gov on 2013-03-07.

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Effects of the Experience of Breastfeeding-Friendly Practices and Breastfeeding Intention and Self-Efficacy on Breastfeeding Behavior: A Cohort Study in Taiwan

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1165666/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yu-Wen Wang ◽

Ying-Ju Chang

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Healthcare Professionals ◽

Short Form ◽

Breastfeeding Duration ◽

Breastfeeding Intention ◽

High Level ◽

Determinants Of Breastfeeding

Abstract Background: Approximately 80% of births occurred in Baby-Friendly-accredited facilities in Taiwan, although the trend of exclusively breastfeeding infants until 6 months of age has stagnated in the last 10 years. To guide breastfeeding promotion interventions during postnatal stays and encourage mothers to continue breastfeeding for the first 6 months, the factors of breastfeeding behavior within 6 months post-delivery must be investigated. This study explored the relationships among breastfeeding intention, experience of breastfeeding-friendly practices, breastfeeding self-efficacy, and breastfeeding behavior at 4 and 6 months after childbirth.Methods: In this longitudinal cohort study, women who gave birth to healthy newborns at two Baby-Friendly hospitals in Taiwan and who were willing to breastfeed were recruited. Data were collected through a self-developed questionnaire measuring the experience of breastfeeding-friendly practices and through the Chinese version of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form during hospitalization and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 months after childbirth.Results: A total of 155 women completed the questionnaires 5 times within 6 months. The determinants of exclusive breastfeeding at 4 months and any breastfeeding at 6 months were longstanding breastfeeding intention during hospitalization, a high score for the experience of breastfeeding-friendly practices, and a high level of breastfeeding self-efficacy during that period. The in-hospital experience of breastfeeding-friendly practices did not predict breastfeeding behavior at 4 and 6 months. Breastfeeding intention (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.40–0.14) and in-hospital breastfeeding self-efficacy (HR = 0.98) were significant as in-hospital risk factors contributing to breastfeeding duration 6 months after childbirth.Conclusions: Longstanding breastfeeding intention, continuation of the experience of breastfeeding-friendly practices, and maintenance of a high level of breastfeeding self-efficacy were the determinants of breastfeeding at 4 and 6 months. Healthcare professionals in Taiwan must support breastfeeding-friendly practices and consider interactive interventions to promote continued breastfeeding at different stages during the first 6 months after childbirth based on the mother’s informed plan of breastfeeding and breastfeeding self-efficacy during their postnatal hospitalization.

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Breastfeeding self-efficacy and postpartum depression: a cohort study

Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/1518-8345.2110.3035 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Erika de Sá Vieira ◽

Nathalia Torquato Caldeira ◽

Daniella Soares Eugênio ◽

Marina Moraes di Lucca ◽

Isília Aparecida Silva

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Postpartum Depression ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Postnatal Depression ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Breastfeeding Duration ◽

Rank Tests

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate breastfeeding self-efficacy, the presence of postpartum depression symptons and the association between breastfeeding self-efficacy and postpartum depression with cessation of exclusive breastfeeding. Method: cohort study with 83 women. The instruments used were the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Statistical analysis was conducted using the log-rank tests, analysis of variance and the Cox survival model. Results: breastfeeding self-efficacy (p = 0.315) and postpartum depression (p = 0.0879) did not show any statistical difference over time. The chances of cessation of exclusive breastfeeding decreased by 48% when self-efficacy changed from low to medium and by 80% when it changed from medium to high. Postpartum women who scored ≥10 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale interrupt exclusive breastfeeding, on average, 10 days earlier than those with a score ≤9, whose median breastfeeding duration was 38 days postpartum. Conclusion: breastfeeding self-efficacy was proved to be a protective factor for exclusive breastfeeding, while postpartum depression is a risk factor.

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Determinants of Breastfeeding Among Mexican Women with Higher Education Working in a Private University

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa054_063 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 991-991

Author(s):

Ida Caterina García-Appendini ◽

Mireya Vilar-Compte ◽

Luis Ortiz-Vázquez ◽

Rafael Pérez-Escamilla

Keyword(s):

Infant Formula ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Regression Models ◽

Private University ◽

Breastfeeding Duration ◽

Mexican Women ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maternity Hospitals ◽

Determinants Of Breastfeeding

Abstract Objectives To examine breastfeeding practices and to identify determinants of breastfeeding duration among Mexican women with high levels of education working in a university. We hypothesized that having a C-section delivery, giving birth at a private hospital, receiving free infant formula at the hospital and/or supplementing breastmilk with other liquids soon after giving birth would be negatively associated with breastfeeding duration. Methods Retrospective, cross-sectional study on mothers 18–50 years of age who worked at a private university in Mexico City (N = 150). We performed descriptive analyses and ran linear regression models to identify determinants of any and exclusive breastfeeding duration for the women's youngest offspring. Results Mean breastfeeding duration was 7.6 months and the mean exclusive breastfeeding duration was 1.81 months. Nearly 60% of the women in the sample had a C-section; almost 70% gave birth at private hospitals; 50% reported to have fed their baby with liquids other than breastmilk within the first three days of their baby´s life; and almost 25% of the women were offered free infant formula at the hospital where their child was born. Findings from the regression models that controlled for sociodemographic characteristics suggest that giving birth at a private vs. a public hospital was significantly associated with 1 month less of exclusive breastfeeding (95% CI: −2.11, 0.10, P < 0.1). Similarly, being offered free infant formula at the hospital was marginally associated with 1.59 months less of exclusive breastfeeding (95% CI: −3.2, 0.02, P < 0.1). Conclusions Breastfeeding outcomes among this group of women are suboptimal. Our findings underscore the need to improve breastfeeding protection, promotion and support in maternity hospitals through adherence to the Ten Steps promoted by the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative. Funding Sources Universidad Iberoamericana.

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