Determinants of Breastfeeding Among Mexican Women with Higher Education Working in a Private University

Abstract Objectives To examine breastfeeding practices and to identify determinants of breastfeeding duration among Mexican women with high levels of education working in a university. We hypothesized that having a C-section delivery, giving birth at a private hospital, receiving free infant formula at the hospital and/or supplementing breastmilk with other liquids soon after giving birth would be negatively associated with breastfeeding duration. Methods Retrospective, cross-sectional study on mothers 18–50 years of age who worked at a private university in Mexico City (N = 150). We performed descriptive analyses and ran linear regression models to identify determinants of any and exclusive breastfeeding duration for the women's youngest offspring. Results Mean breastfeeding duration was 7.6 months and the mean exclusive breastfeeding duration was 1.81 months. Nearly 60% of the women in the sample had a C-section; almost 70% gave birth at private hospitals; 50% reported to have fed their baby with liquids other than breastmilk within the first three days of their baby´s life; and almost 25% of the women were offered free infant formula at the hospital where their child was born. Findings from the regression models that controlled for sociodemographic characteristics suggest that giving birth at a private vs. a public hospital was significantly associated with 1 month less of exclusive breastfeeding (95% CI: −2.11, 0.10, P < 0.1). Similarly, being offered free infant formula at the hospital was marginally associated with 1.59 months less of exclusive breastfeeding (95% CI: −3.2, 0.02, P < 0.1). Conclusions Breastfeeding outcomes among this group of women are suboptimal. Our findings underscore the need to improve breastfeeding protection, promotion and support in maternity hospitals through adherence to the Ten Steps promoted by the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative. Funding Sources Universidad Iberoamericana.

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Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticides and Menstrual Cycle Characteristics in Chinese Preconceptional Women

American Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/aje/kwz242 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 189 (5) ◽

pp. 375-383 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yan Zhang ◽

Lin Ji ◽

Yi Hu ◽

Lap Ah Tse ◽

Yiwen Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Regression Models ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Maternity Hospitals ◽

Diethyl Phosphate ◽

Sectional Analysis ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Organophosphates (OPs) are the most heavily used pesticides in China. The Chinese population, including preconceptional women, is highly exposed, yet little is known regarding the associations between OP exposure and menstruation in humans. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis in women preparing for pregnancy to investigate the relationship between biomarkers of OP exposure and menstrual cycle characteristics. From 2013 to 2015, 627 women visiting free preconception-care clinics at 2 maternity hospitals in Shanghai, China, were included. Information on menstrual cycle characteristics was obtained through questionnaires. OP exposure was assessed by measuring urine concentrations of 6 dialkylphosphate metabolites (dimethylphosphate, dimethylthiophosphate, dimethyldithiophosphate, diethylphosphate, diethylthiophosphate, and diethyldithiophosphate). The relationship between concentrations of dialkylphosphate metabolites and menstrual cycle characteristics was analyzed using multiple linear regression models and logistic regression models. Log-transformed levels of diethyl phosphate metabolites (the sum of diethylphosphate and diethylthiophosphate levels) were related to a higher risk of irregularity of menstrual cycles (adjusted odds ratio = 2.36, 95% confidence interval: 1.28, 4.34). Subjects with a higher concentration of diethyl phosphate metabolites (log-transformed) had a shorter duration of menstrual bleeding (adjusted β = −0.33, 95% confidence interval: −0.64, −0.02). The findings suggest that OP exposure may be associated with alterations in menstrual function in preconceptional women.

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Starchy Vegetables and Metabolic Syndrome in Costa Rica

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13051639 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1639

Author(s):

Zhongyao Li ◽

Dongqing Wang ◽

Edward A. Ruiz-Narváez ◽

Karen E. Peterson ◽

Hannia Campos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Regression Models ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Costa Rican ◽

Least Square ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Cross Sectional

Only a few studies primarily examined the associations between starchy vegetables (other than potatoes) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to evaluate the association between starchy vegetables consumption and MetS in a population-based sample of Costa Rican adults. We hypothesized that a higher overall intake of starchy vegetables would not be associated with higher MetS prevalence. In this cross-sectional study, log-binomial regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) of MetS across quintiles of total, unhealthy, healthy starchy vegetables, and individual starchy vegetables (potatoes, purple sweet potatoes, etc.), among 1881 Costa Rican adults. Least square means and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from linear regression models were estimated for each MetS component by categories of starchy vegetable variables. Higher intakes of starchy vegetables were associated with a higher prevalence of MetS in crude models, but no significant trends were observed after adjusting for confounders. A significant inverse association was observed between total starchy and healthy starchy vegetables consumption and fasting blood glucose. In this population, starchy vegetables might be part of a healthy dietary pattern.

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Isotonic quadriceps endurance is better associated with daily physical activity than quadriceps strength and power in COPD: an international multicentre cross-sectional trial

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-90758-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Erik Frykholm ◽

Sarah Gephine ◽

Didier Saey ◽

Arthur Lemson ◽

Peter Klijn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Multiple Linear Regression ◽

Regression Models ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Quadriceps Strength ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Quadriceps Function ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Models

AbstractKnowledge about modifiable determinants of daily physical activity (PA) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is crucial to design effective PA interventions. The present study aimed to determine the contribution of quadriceps strength, power and endurance to daily PA in COPD. Additionally, for quadriceps endurance, we also aimed to determine to what extent the association varies according to the mode of movement (isotonic, isometric, or isokinetic). Using a multicentre cross-sectional trial design we determined the contribution of quadriceps function to daily PA (steps, sedentary time and time spent doing moderate-to-very-vigorous physical activity [MVPA]) using bivariate and partial Pearson correlation analysis (r) and multiple linear regression models (ΔR2). Pre-determined controlling factors were sex, age, body mass index (BMI), COPD-assessment test, forced expiratory volume in one second in percent of the predicted value (FEV1pred), and distance walked on the 6-minute walk test. Eighty-one patients with COPD (mean ± SD: age 67 ± 8 years, FEV1pred 57 ± 19%, daily steps 4968 ± 3319, daily sedentary time 1016 ± 305 min, and MVPA time 83 ± 45 min) were included. Small to moderate bivariate correlations (r = .225 to .452, p < .05) were found between quadriceps function and measures of PA. The best multiple linear regression models explained 38–49% of the variance in the data. Isotonic endurance was the only muscle contributor that improved all PA models; daily steps (ΔR2 = .04 [relative improvement 13%] p = .026), daily sedentary time (ΔR2 = .07 [23%], p = .005) and MVPA-minutes (ΔR2 = .08 [20%], p = .001). Isotonic endurance was also independently associated with most PA variables, even when controlling for strength, power or isometric-isokinetic endurance properties of the muscle (r = .246 to .384, p < .05). In contrast, neither strength, power, isometric-or isokinetic endurance properties of the muscle was independently associated with PA measures when controlling for isotonic endurance (r = .037 to .219, p > .05). To conclude, strength, power, and endurance properties of the quadriceps were low to moderately associated with PA in patients with COPD. Isotonic quadriceps endurance was the only quadriceps property that was independently associated with the different measures of PA after controlling for a basic set of known determinants of PA, quadriceps strength or power, or isometric or isokinetic quadriceps endurance. Future longitudinal studies should investigate its potential as a modifiable determinant of PA.

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Expanding the Happiness Paradox: Ethnoracial Disparities in Life Satisfaction Among Older Immigrants in the United States

Journal of Aging and Health ◽

10.1177/0898264317726608 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 231-255

Author(s):

Rocío Calvo ◽

Dawn C. Carr ◽

Christina Matz-Costa

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Life Satisfaction ◽

Regression Models ◽

The United States ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Older Immigrants ◽

Happiness Paradox ◽

Retirement Study ◽

Lower Life Satisfaction

Objective: This study investigated nativity disparities in life satisfaction among ethnoracial groups of older adults in the United States and the factors associated with such disparities. Method: Cross-sectional data from 7,348 respondents aged 60 and older from the 2012/2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) were used to estimate linear regression models. Results: Older immigrants experienced higher levels of life satisfaction than comparable native-born individuals. This “happiness advantage” was particularly salient for Hispanic immigrants, who reported the highest levels of life satisfaction of all groups included in the study. With increasing education, life satisfaction increased for White and “Other Race” groups, regardless of nativity. However, for both Black groups and native-born Hispanics, higher levels of education were associated with lower life satisfaction. Discussion: Findings suggest that the “happiness paradox” may not only be a matter of Hispanic ethnicity, but that it may also extend to immigrants from other ethnoracial backgrounds.

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Effect of position on intracranial pressure and compliance: a cross-sectional study including 101 patients

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2021.6.jns203573 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Linda D’Antona ◽

Claudia Louise Craven ◽

Fion Bremner ◽

Manjit Singh Matharu ◽

Lewis Thorne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intracranial Pressure ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Regression Models ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Icp Monitoring ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Csf Dynamics ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Intracranial Compliance

OBJECTIVE A better understanding of the effect of position on intracranial pressure (ICP) and compliance is important for the development of treatment strategies that can restore normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics. There is limited knowledge on the effect of position on intracranial compliance. In this cross-sectional study the authors tested the association of pulse amplitude (PA) with position and the day/night cycle. Additionally, they describe the postural ICP and PA changes of patients with “normal” ICP dynamics. METHODS This single-center retrospective study included patients with suspected and/or confirmed CSF dynamics abnormalities who had been examined with elective 24-hour ICP monitoring between October 2017 and September 2019. Patients had been enrolled in a short exercise battery including four positions: supine, lumbar puncture position in the left lateral decubitus position, sitting, and standing. Each position was maintained for 2 minutes, and mean ICP and PA were calculated for each position. The 24-hour day and night median ICP and PA data were also collected. Linear regression models were used to test the correlation of PA with position and day/night cycle. All linear regressions were corrected for confounders. The postural ICP monitoring results of patients without obvious ICP dynamics abnormality were summarized. RESULTS One hundred one patients (24 males and 77 females) with a mean age of 39 ± 13years (mean ± standard deviation) were included in the study. The adjusted linear regression models demonstrated a significant association of ICP with position and day/night cycle, with upright (sitting and standing) and day ICP values lower than supine and night ICP values. The adjusted linear regression model was also significant for the association of PA with position and day/night cycle, with upright and day PA values higher than supine and night PA results. These associations were confirmed for patients with and without shunts. Patients without clear ICP dynamics abnormality had tighter control of their postural ICP changes than the other patients; however, the difference among groups was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest study investigating the effect of postural changes on intracranial compliance. The results of this study suggest that PA, as well as ICP, is significantly associated with posture, increasing in upright positions compared to that while supine. Further studies will be needed to investigate the mechanism behind this association.

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Abstract P240: Eating Behavior and Body Composition in Chilean Young Adults: Results From the Santiago Longitudinal Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.137.suppl_1.p240 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Lorena S Pacheco ◽

Estela Blanco ◽

Raquel Burrows ◽

Paulina Correa-Burrows ◽

Jose L Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Body Composition ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Eating Behavior ◽

Body Fat ◽

Regression Models ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Eating Behaviors ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Cross Sectional

Introduction: Causes of obesity, a leading risk factor for chronic disease morbidity/mortality, are multi-faceted and encompass behavioral and psychological factors. Understanding eating behavior can help target behavioral obesity interventions. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine cognitive restraint (CR), uncontrolled eating (UE) and emotional eating (EE) behaviors and body composition in a sample of Chilean young adults. Methods: Using data from 429 participants of the Santiago Longitudinal Study (mean age 22.5±0.4 years), evaluated from 2016-2017, linear and logistic regression models assessed the independent associations between three eating behavior dimensions, using the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (1-4 range per dimension), and BMI, % body fat (measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), and central obesity, accounting for demographic covariates, stratified by sex. Results: The sample was 51% female and had a mean BMI of 26.9±6.1. Mean % body fat was 30.5±7.6 in males and 41.8±6.9 in females. CR and EE eating behaviors were associated with body composition measures as shown in the Table 1. CR was related to a 2.4 (95% CI 1.2, 4.8) and 2.5 (95% CI 1.4, 4.5), respectively, greater odds of being an obese male (>25% body fat) and obese female (>37% body fat). The EE dimension was also significantly associated with percent body fat in both sexes. The greatest effect size in the linear regression models was observed for central obesity. For every point increase in CR, waist circumference increased by 5.1 cm (95% CI 2.1-8.1) and 4.1 cm (95% CI 1.5-6.7) in males and females, respectively. EE was positively associated with central obesity in females. Conclusions: In this sample of Chilean young adults, CR and EE eating behavior dimensions were associated with obesity, central obesity and% body fat. The UE dimension was not associated with body composition. Understanding the dynamics of and interplay of eating behaviors and body composition can provide evidence for future effective interventions.

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Assessing Outcomes of Dementia Caregivers Using Cross-Sectional Design and Linear Regression Models

10.4135/9781529735284 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Katherina Nikzad-Terhune

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Regression Models ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Dementia Caregivers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Design

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Barriers and facilitators to breastfeeding during the immediate and one month postpartum periods, among Mexican women: a mixed methods approach

International Breastfeeding Journal ◽

10.1186/s13006-020-00327-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sonia Hernández-Cordero ◽

Ana Lilia Lozada-Tequeanes ◽

Ana Cecilia Fernández-Gaxiola ◽

Teresa Shamah-Levy ◽

Matthias Sachse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infant Formula ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Mexican Women ◽

Timely Initiation ◽

Private Hospitals ◽

Public And Private ◽

Public And Private Hospitals ◽

Hospital Practices ◽

Timely Initiation Of Breastfeeding ◽

Initiation Of Breastfeeding

Abstract Background Evidence suggests that inadequate hospital practices, as well as sociocultural and community factors have detrimental effects on timely initiation as the first breastfeed within first hour after birth, and exclusive breastfeeding. The purpose of the study was to examine the factors that influence timely initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding at birth and 1 month postpartum in Mexican women delivering in public and private hospitals. Methods Mixed methods were conducted between May and July 2017, including surveys (n = 543) and semi-structured interviews (n = 60) in the immediate (7 h) and intermediate (30 days) postpartum periods. Participants were women aged 15–49 years, in public and private hospitals, of urban and rural municipalities of Chihuahua and Puebla, Mexico. Results Timely initiation was reported by 49.4% of mothers, and 34.7% reported that their children received infant formula at the hospital. Only 44.8% of women reported exclusive breastfeeding at 1 month postpartum. Timely initiation of breastfeeding was higher in women with vaginal delivery (62.1 vs 35.5%; p < 0.05) and those who received information during pregnancy (OR 1.07; p = 0.018). Exclusive breastfeeding at 1 month postpartum was related to older maternal age (OR 1.05; p < 0.001) and the fact that the mothers had received more information about breastfeeding during pregnancy (OR 1.13; p = 0.0001). Infant formula use was less associated with timely initiation (OR 0.46; p = 0.001). Participants in qualitative data identified the emotional, physical and economic benefits of breastfeeding, however, the perception about insufficient production of human milk, and the belief that infant formula is recommended, persists. Conclusions Modification of hospital practices, such as decreasing the number of cesarean and the use of infant formula, as well as the support of the initiation and continuation of exclusive breastfeeding by health personnel and family members, could help increase breastfeeding practices in Mexican women.

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Psychiatric Disorders and Alcohol Consumption Among Low-Income African Americans:Gender Differences

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci9040086 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 86 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sharon Cobb ◽

Shervin Assari

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Low Income ◽

Regression Models ◽

Future Research ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Men And Women ◽

Compulsive Disorder

Background: Although cooccurrence of nonsubstance use disorders (non-SUDs) and substance use is well-established in the literature, most of what we know in this regard is derived from studies that have recruited predominantly White sample populations. As a result, there is a gap in knowledge on this link among low-income African Americans (AAs). There is also a need to understand how low-income AA men and women differ in these associations. Objective: To study whether there is an association between number of non-SUDs and amount of alcohol consumption by AA adults, and whether this association varies between AA men and women. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited a nonrandom sample of 150 AA adults with non-SUDs (i.e., major depression, bipolar disorders, obsessive–compulsive disorder, paranoid disorder, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and schizoaffective disorder). The independent variable was the number of non-SUDs. The dependent variable was the amount of alcohol consumption. Age, socioeconomic status (educational attainment and household income), and self-rated health were covariates. Gender was the moderator. Linear regression models were used to analyze the data. Results: A higher number of non-SUDs was not associated with a higher amount of alcohol use in the pooled sample of AA adults. We, however, found a significant interaction between gender and number of non-SUDs on the amount of alcohol use, suggesting a stronger effect of non-SUDs on alcohol consumption in AA men than in AA women. Gender-stratified linear regression models showed a positive association between number of non-SUDs and amount of alcohol consumption in AA men but not in AA women. Conclusion: Non-SUDs impact alcohol use of AA men but not women. Future research should test whether AA men may have a higher tendency to turn to alcohol to regulate their emotions and cope with psychological pain due to multiple non-SUDs. The results also suggest that integration of services for SUDs and non-SUDs may be more relevant to provision of mental health services for AA men than AA women.

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The Patterns and Social Determinants of Breastfeeding in 12 Selected Regions in China: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Human Lactation ◽

10.1177/0890334419868156 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 436-447

Author(s):

Zhe Fang ◽

Yuning Liu ◽

Hanyu Wang ◽

Kun Tang

Keyword(s):

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Large Scale ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Population Based ◽

Breastfeeding Initiation ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Annual Household Income ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Breastfeeding Rate ◽

Determinants Of Breastfeeding

Background With rapid industrialization and urbanization, there is a growing need for women to enter the workforce, and affluent people are drawn to the infant formula market. The breastfeeding rates in China are below the optimal level. Large scale quantitative research studying breastfeeding practices after 2015 in China are lacking. Research aim We aimed to (1) explore the latest patterns and (2) identify the determinants of breastfeeding in China. Methods The study was a population-based, cross-sectional survey. A multi-stage sampling technique was adopted for the selection of participants. We recruited 10,408 mothers with children under 12 months old, in 12 regions of China, and conducted a questionnaire survey about breastfeeding patterns. The associations between social and biophysical determinants and breastfeeding outcomes were analyzed using a logistic regression model. Results The exclusive breastfeeding rate was 29.32% ( n = 3,052) decreasing from 32.71% ( n = 3,404) to 15.83% ( n = 1,648) among children aged 0–5 months. Cesarean section had a negative association with early breastfeeding initiation ( OR = .33, 95% CI [.30, .36]), exclusive breastfeeding ( OR = .78, 95% CI [.69, .89]), and predominant breastfeeding ( OR = .73, 95% CI [.65, .83]). Compared to participants with an annual household income lower than 40,000 Yuan ($5,817 USD), those with over 100,000 Yuan ($14,542 USD) had an OR of .78 (95% CI [.67, .90]) in exclusive breastfeeding. Compared with illiterate and unemployed groups, middle/high school education and a current work status, respectively, were associated with a lower likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding ( OR = .73, 95% CI [.63, .84]; OR = .58, 95% CI [.37, .89]). Conclusions The prevalence of breastfeeding in 12 selected regions in China was low and interventions focusing on the targeted population should be strengthened.

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