scholarly journals The toxicology and detoxification of Aconitum: traditional and modern views

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yau-Tuen Chan ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Yibin Feng
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Modern Knowledge ◽  
Radix Aconiti ◽  
Contemporary Practice ◽  
Aconitum Carmichaeli ◽  
Lethal Doses ◽  
Anti Inflammation

AbstractAconitum carmichaeli Debx.-derived herbal medicine has been used for anti-inflammation and anti-arrhythmia purpose for more than two thousand years. It is processed into Chuanwu (Radix Aconiti praeparata) and Fuzi (Radix Aconiti lateralis praeparata) in Traditional Chinese Medicine, which are two useful drugs but with toxic properties. There have been patients poisoned by accidental ingestion of Aconitum plants or misuse of the herbal drug, and this is of great concern to study in-depth. In this review, we provided the traditional and contemporary practice of using Aconitum herbs as medicine, from functions, processing methods to toxicity in ethnomedicine aspects to discuss the underlying connections of traditional and modern understanding on the toxicity of Aconitum plants. We summarized the functions and toxicology of the herbal drugs are analyzed from chemical and clinical aspects, with the help of traditional and modern knowledge of medicine. The medicinal doses and lethal doses determined by researches are summarized, and the usage and processing methods are updated and reviewed in the modern view. In addition, clinical management of poisoned cases using western medicine is discussed. This review provides insights and awareness of safety when using Aconitum-derived herbal medicine, and the application of modern scientific knowledge to optimize the detoxification processes. We suggest the possibility to renew the current standard processing method from the official Pharmacopoeia all over the world.

scholarly journals Tannin concentrations of Gyrinops tea with different leaf processing methods and addition of herbal medicine ingredients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Gde Adi Suryawan Wangiyana ◽  
Sawaludin ◽  
Wahyu Yuniati Nizar ◽  
Wayan Wangiyana
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Leaf Processing

scholarly journals Effects of Chinese herbal medicine B307 supplementation on muscle endurance and recovery after exhaustive swimming in ICR mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tai-Yuan Chuang ◽  
Chia-Ying Lien ◽  
Ya-Chun Tsai ◽  
Kuei-Fu Lin ◽  
Chih-Hsiang Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Chinese Herbal Medicine ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Muscle Endurance ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Icr Mice ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Abstract Background: Exhaustive exercise may damage muscles due to oxidative stress and inflammation and cause muscle fatigue and soreness. The study investigated the effects of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) B307 supplementation on muscle endurance and recovery after exhaustive swimming (ES) in ICR mice. Methods: All mice were subjected to ES in the form of a forced swimming test. Thirty-two male ICR mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: Sham + ES, CHM B307 pretreatment + ES (Pre+ES), CHM B307 posttreatment + ES (Post+ES), and CHM B307 dual treatment + ES (Dual+ES). Using immunohistochemistry, chemiluminescence, and biochemical analysis, muscular endurance, fatigue, oxidative stress, inflammation, and damage were examined and compared among the groups. Results: Our results revealed that the Pre+ES and Dual+ES groups had remarkably better muscular endurance during ES than the Sham+ES and Post+ES groups. In addition, the Pre+ES, Post+ES, and Dual+ES groups had significantly alleviated fatigue, oxidative stress, inflammation, and damage after ES compared with the Sham+ES group. Conclusion: CHM B307 can be a protective supplement against damage from exhaustive exercise because of its antifatigue, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and antidamage functions.

The effect of the extraction and processing methods on the alkaloid composition of roots of Aconitum carmichaeli

Planta Medica ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Csupor ◽  
M Strömberg ◽  
L Bohlin ◽  
K Woelkart ◽  
EM Wenzig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Processing Methods ◽  
Alkaloid Composition ◽  
Aconitum Carmichaeli

scholarly journals Standardization of Ayurvedic Drug- Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Hippophae salicifolia, Ocimum tenuiflorum and Reinwardtia indica and Combined Herb-Herb

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-53
Author(s):  
Rinki Kumari ◽  
G.P. Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Quality Assurance Program ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Hippophae Salicifolia ◽  
Ocimum Tenuiflorum

The herbal medicines have reached extensive acceptability as therapeutic agents for various clinical diseases due to global demand. Therefore, standardization is the essential and initial step to drug development. It is for the establishment of consistent biological activity, a consistent chemical profile and biomarker identification. It improves the safety and efficacy of herbal medicine to provide the best herbal medicine to society and increase popularity rather than non-standardized extracts.  In addition, it is essential to practice or maintain a quality assurance program for the production and manufacturing of herbal medicine that includes the basis of organoleptic characters and photomicrographs, physicochemical, proximate analysis phytochemical evaluation and quality control analysis and order to assess the quality of drugs, based on the concentration of their active principles. WHO has provided specific guidelines for the assessment of the safety, efficacy and quality of herbal drugs as a prerequisite for global harmonization and of utmost importance. In the present study, the herbal extracts were cleaned, dried in the shade and powdered by passing through the sieve as per the method described in the standard protocol. An overview covering various techniques employed in the extraction and characterization of Nyctanthes arbortristis, Hippophae salicifolia, Ocimum tenuiflorum and Reinwardtia indica, standardization is reported in this study. The obtained data would be very significant for future clinical aspects, as the bioactive molecules present in the extracts may exhibit synergistic effect with other bioactive compound and show a better therapeutic value. Thus, this study provides standardized and therapeutically potential data of active polyherbal formulations for the different ailments.

scholarly journals Renal Replacement Therapy

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaccaria Ricci ◽  
Stefano Romagnoli ◽  
Claudio Ronco
Keyword(s):  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Tower Of Babel ◽  
Renal Replacement Therapies

During the last few years, due to medical and surgical evolution, patients with increasingly severe diseases causing multiorgan dysfunction are frequently admitted to intensive care units. Therapeutic options, when organ failure occurs, are frequently nonspecific and mostly directed towards supporting vital function. In these scenarios, the kidneys are almost always involved and, therefore, renal replacement therapies have become a common routine practice in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. Recent technological improvement has led to the production of safe, versatile and efficient dialysis machines. In addition, emerging evidence may allow better individualization of treatment with tailored prescription depending on the patients’ clinical picture (e.g. sepsis, fluid overload, pediatric). The aim of the present review is to give a general overview of current practice in renal replacement therapies for critically ill patients. The main clinical aspects, including dose prescription, modality of dialysis delivery, anticoagulation strategies and timing will be addressed. In addition, some technical issues on physical principles governing blood purification, filters characteristics, and vascular access, will be covered. Finally, a section on current standard nomenclature of renal replacement therapy is devoted to clarify the “Tower of Babel” of critical care nephrology.

Fingerprint–efficacy study of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata (Fuzi) in quality control of Chinese herbal medicine

2014 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 1763-1772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Zhu ◽  
Quanfu Zheng ◽  
Zhiyong Sun ◽  
Zhe Chen ◽  
Yanling Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Chinese Herbal Medicine ◽  
Efficacy Study ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Radix Aconiti

scholarly journals Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Antihypertensive Activities of Major Bioactive Compounds from The Stems of Crossostephium chinense L.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Novia Nur Rosyida
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Rat Aorta ◽  
Biological Assays ◽  
Aorta Ring ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Crude Methanol Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Crossostephium chinense L. or Hai-Fu-Rung as a new source of herbal medicine was naturally grows near coastal areas on limestone and coral formations in Taiwan and South east of Asia’s region. This plant is one of the famous TCM (Traditional China Medicine) that traditionally used for treating colds, measles, rheumatic, and bronchitis. Extract of whole plant of C. chinense have been reported to exhibit diverse biological activities such as anti-proliferative, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammation with ameliorative effect, but only a few of these studies involved as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antihypertensive agent especially from stem part. Interestingly, even C. chinense is a famous herbal medicine, but it still rare, threatened in the wild, and need further investigation especially for its stem part. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the major of this plant. First result of this study was obtained nine major compounds from crude methanol extract of this plant and identified as: lupeol, b-sitostenone, octadecyl (E)-p-coumarate, cycloeucalenol, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, stigmastan-3-one, betulin, and ergone. Furthermore, some biological assays such as antimicrobial, antioxidant and antihypertensive activities were evaluated by inhibitory assay; DPPH, FTC, and TBA assays; and ACE inhibitory assay, respectively. Rat aorta ring assay also could be used for completely understanding of antihypertensive effect from air dried stems of C. chinense.

Linear Arrays of Helical Polyribosomes in Cells Exposed to Antitumor Drug Vincristine Sulfate

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 358-359
Author(s):  
Awtar Krishan
Keyword(s):  
Close Association ◽  
Annulate Lamellae ◽  
Large Array ◽  
Vincristine Sulfate ◽  
Linear Arrays ◽  
Golgi Membranes ◽  
Related Drug ◽  
Drug Leads ◽  
Lethal Doses ◽  
Vinblastine Sulfate

Earle's L-929 fibroblasts treated with mitosis-arresting but sub-lethal doses of vinblastine sulfate (VLB) show hypertrophy of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and annulate lamellae. Exposure of the cells to heavier doses of vincristine sulfate (VCR), a VLB-related drug, leads to the accumulation of large amounts of helical polyribosomes, Golgi membranes and crystals in the cytoplasm. In many of these cells a large number of helical polyribosomes are arranged in prominent linear rows, some of which may be up to 5 micrometers in length. Figure 1 shows a large array of helical polyribosomes near a crystalline mass (CRS) in an Earle's L-929 fibroblast exposed to VCR (5ϒ/ml.) for 3 hours At a higher magnification, as seen in figure 2, the helical polyribosomes are seen arranged in parallel rows. In favorably cut sections, a prominent backbone like "stalk" of finely granular material, measuring approximately 300Å in width is seen in close association with the linear rows of helical polyribosomes.

Clinical aspects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ascan Warnholtz ◽  
Maria Wendt ◽  
Michael August ◽  
Thomas Münzel
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
No Production ◽  
Oxygen Species

Endothelial dysfunction in the setting of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic smoking, as well as in the setting of heart failure, has been shown to be at least partly dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species in endothelial and/or smooth muscle cells and the adventitia, and the subsequent decrease in vascular bioavailability of NO. Superoxide-producing enzymes involved in increased oxidative stress within vascular tissue include NAD(P)H-oxidase, xanthine oxidase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in an uncoupled state. Recent studies indicate that endothelial dysfunction of peripheral and coronary resistance and conductance vessels represents a strong and independent risk factor for future cardiovascular events. Ways to reduce endothelial dysfunction include risk-factor modification and treatment with substances that have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and, simultaneously, to stimulate endothelial NO production, such as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme or the statins. In contrast, in conditions where increased production of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide, in vascular tissue is established, treatment with NO, e.g. via administration of nitroglycerin, results in a rapid development of endothelial dysfunction, which may worsen the prognosis in patients with established coronary artery disease.

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