scholarly journals Effects of socio-economic factors on research over systemic sclerosis: an analysis based on long time series of bibliometric data

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Guo ◽  
Zeyu Zhou ◽  
Yinhe Liang ◽  
Chuanhui Xu ◽  
Lin Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Rare Disease ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Domestic Products ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Abstract Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare detrimental disease warranting global research efforts. Evaluating how socio-economic factors impact country research output on SSc could help to identify solutions advancing research. Methods Publication production on SSc during 1969–2018 and data for structural and policy factors for WHO member countries were collected from public sources. Associations between SSc research output and country-level factors were investigated through panel regression. Difference-in-differences analysis further assessed the causal effects of rare disease legislation. Results SSc publications demonstrated exponential growth (r = 0.9410, as against an r = 0.8845 after linear adjustment), but were concentrated in high-income countries (HICs). Ten countries, nine of which were HICs, published 12,261 (77.5%) SSc publications but another 87 countries produced none. Gross domestic products (GDP), population and expenditure on research and development were positively associated with SSc publications (p < 0.001). Higher health expenditure was only found to be associated with increased SSc publications in HICs (p < 0.001). Rare disease legislation increased annual publication production by 62.8% (95% CI 0.390–0.867; p < 0.001) averagely. In middle-income countries (MICs), the effect was especially swift and lasting. No significant impact was found with GDP per capita, female percentage, and political indicators. Conclusions SSc research output increased over time with substantial country disparities. Effective health policies facilitating research should be expanded especially among MICs to accelerate research advancement.

scholarly journals Effects of Socio-economic Factors on Research Over Systemic Sclerosis: an Analysis Based on Long Time Series of Bibliometric Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Guo ◽  
Zeyu Zhou ◽  
Yinhe Liang ◽  
Chuanhui Xu ◽  
Lin Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Rare Disease ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Abstract Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare detrimental disease warranting mobilization of global research efforts. Evaluating how socio-economic factors impact country research output on SSc could help to identify solutions advancing SSc research.Methods Publication production on SSc during 1969–2018 and data for structural and policy factors for WHO member countries were collected from public sources. Associations between SSc research output and country-level factors were investigated through panel regression. Difference-in-differences analysis further assessed the causal effects of rare disease legislation. Results SSc publications showed an increasing annual growth rate (−0.3% during 1969–1983 vs. 6.9% during 2000–2018), but were concentrated in high-income countries (HICs). Ten countries, nine of which were HICs, published 12 261 (77.5%) SSc publications but another 87 countries produced none. GDP, population and expenditure on research and development were positively associated with SSc publications (p<0.001). Higher health expenditure was only found to be associated with increased SSc publications in HICs (p<0.001). Rare disease legislation increased annual publication production by 62.8% (95% CI 0.390–0.867; p<0.001) averagely. In MICs, the effect was especially swift and lasting. No significant impact was found with GDP per capita, female percentage, and political indicators.Conclusions SSc research output increased over time with substantial country disparities. Effective health policies facilitating research should be expanded especially among MICs to accelerate research advancement.

scholarly journals Research output on systemic sclerosis and socio-economic factors: An analysis of country-level panel data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Guo ◽  
Zeyu Zhou ◽  
Yinhe Liang ◽  
Chuanhui Xu ◽  
Lin Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Rare Disease ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Scientific Output ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Country Factors ◽  
Effect Heterogeneity

Abstract Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare detrimental disease warranting mobilization of global research efforts. We aimed to evaluate impacts of country factors on research output over SSc to identify solutions promoting research. Methods Publication production on SSc during 1969–2018 and data for structural and policy factors were collected from public sources. Effects of country-level factors were investigated through panel regression in WHO member countries. Difference-in-differences analysis assessed the impacts of rare disease legislation. Effect heterogeneity across income levels was evaluated using group regression. Results SSc publications showed increasing annual growth rate (−0.3% during 1969–1983 vs. 6.9% during 2000–2018). Totally, ten countries published 12 261 (77.5%) SSc publications but another 87 countries produced none. High-income countries with higher GDP, larger population, and higher health expenditure tended to publish more (p<0.001). Whereas in middle-income countries (MICs) SSc scientific output was significantly associated with expenditure on research and development( p <0.001). Rare disease legislation increased annual publication production by 62.8% (95% CI 0.390–0.867; p <0.001) averagely. Notably, the effect of legislation was swift and lasting in MICs during the first five years. No significant impact was found with GDP per capita, female percentage, and political indicators. Conclusions SSc research output increased over time with substantial country disparities. Effective health policies facilitating research should be expanded especially among MICs to accelerate global advancement.

scholarly journals Nonadult Supervision of Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Results from 61 National Population-Based Surveys

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Ruiz-Casares ◽  
José Nazif-Muñoz ◽  
René Iwo ◽  
Youssef Oulhote
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Socio Economic Factors ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Despite scarce empirical research in most countries, evidence has shown that young children are unsupervised or under the supervision of another young child while their adult caregivers attend work or engage in other activities outside the home. Lack of quality supervision has been linked to unintentional childhood injuries and other negative outcomes. Nationally representative, population-based data from rounds four and five of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) and four to eight of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) from 61 low- and middle-income countries were used to estimate prevalence and socio-economic factors associated with leaving children under five years old home alone or under the care of another child younger than 10 years of age. Socio-economic factors included age and sex of the child, rurality, wealth, maternal education, and household composition. Large variations in the prevalence rates (0.1–35.3% for children home alone and 0.2–50.6% for children supervised by another child) and associated factors have been recorded within and across regions and countries. Understanding why and under what conditions children are home alone or under the supervision of another child is crucial to the development of suitable policies and interventions to protect young children, promote healthy growth, and support caregivers.

scholarly journals Colonial history and global economics distort our understanding of deep-time biodiversity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nussaïbah Raja ◽  
Emma Dunne ◽  
Aviwe Matiwane ◽  
Tasnuva Ming Khan ◽  
Paulina Nätscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Global Power ◽  
Sampling Biases ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Sampling variations in the fossil record distort estimates of past biodiversity. However, compilations of global fossil occurrences used in these analyses not only reflect the geological and spatial aspects of the fossil record, but also the historical collation of these data. Here, we demonstrate how the legacy of colonialism as well as socio-economic factors such as wealth, education and political stability impact research output in paleontology. Re- searchers in high or upper middle income countries contribute to 97% of fossil occurrence data, not only leading to spatial sampling biases but also generating a global power imbalance within the discipline. This work illustrates that our efforts to mitigate the effects of sampling biases to obtain a truly representative view of past biodiversity are not disconnected from the aim of diversifying our field.

scholarly journals Predictors of Contemporary under-5 Child Mortality in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Machine Learning Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1315
Author(s):  
Andrea Bizzego ◽  
Giulio Gabrieli ◽  
Marc H. Bornstein ◽  
Kirby Deater-Deckard ◽  
Jennifer E. Lansford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Operational Information ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Child Mortality (CM) is a worldwide concern, annually affecting as many as 6.81% children in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). We used data of the Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey (MICS) (N = 275,160) from 27 LMIC and a machine-learning approach to rank 37 distal causes of CM and identify the top 10 causes in terms of predictive potency. Based on the top 10 causes, we identified households with improved conditions. We retrospectively validated the results by investigating the association between variations of CM and variations of the percentage of households with improved conditions at country-level, between the 2005–2007 and the 2013–2017 administrations of the MICS. A unique contribution of our approach is to identify lesser-known distal causes which likely account for better-known proximal causes: notably, the identified distal causes and preventable and treatable through social, educational, and physical interventions. We demonstrate how machine learning can be used to obtain operational information from big dataset to guide interventions and policy makers.

scholarly journals Tobacco intervention research in low- and middle-income countries: lessons learned and future directions

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth D. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Tobacco Dependence ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Tobacco Intervention

Treating tobacco dependence is paramount for global tobacco control efforts, but is often overshadowed by other policy priorities. As stated by Jha (2009), “cessation by current smokers is the only practical way to avoid a substantial proportion of tobacco deaths worldwide before 2050.” Its importance is codified in Article 14 of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), and in the WHO's MPOWER package of effective country-level policies. Unfortunately, only 15% of the world's population have access to appropriate cessation support (WHO, 2015). Moreover, parties to the FCTC have implemented only 51% of the indicators within Article 14, on average, which is far lower than many other articles (WHO, 2014). Further, commenting on the use of “O” measures (Offer help to quit tobacco use) in the MPOWER acronym, WHO recently concluded, “while there has been improvement in implementing comprehensive tobacco cessation services, this is nonetheless a most under-implemented MPOWER measure in terms of the number of countries that have fully implemented it” (WHO, 2015). To the detriment of global tobacco control efforts, only one in eight countries provides comprehensive cost-covered services, only one in four provide some cost coverage for nicotine replacement therapy, and fewer than one third provide a toll-free quit line (WHO, 2015).

scholarly journals A Study of Anthropometric and Socio-economic Factors Associated with Delayed Menarche in a Bengali Indian Population with Special Reference to BMI and 2D:4D Ratio

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Suddhasatta Ghosh ◽  
Dilip Mukherjee ◽  
Riddhi Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
P Value ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Parental Height ◽  
Age Of Menarche ◽  
Delayed Menarche ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Introduction: The average age of menarche has declined over the last century but the magnitude of the decline and the factors responsible remain subjects of contention. Aims and Objectives: To study a group with delayed menarche in a cohort of Bengali Indian females with low to normal body weight. To investigate anthropometric characteristics (height, mid-parental height, weight, BMI), Socio-economic Status, Sexual Maturity Rating (SMR) stages and 2D: 4D ratio ( ratio of lengths of second and fourth digits of both hands) in those with delayed menarche. To analyse the correlation of these factors with delayed age of menarche. Materials and Methods: A total of 614 children , aged 11- 16 completed years, of low to middle income family groups and attending suburban schools, were evaluated on the basis of predetermined questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. Correlation of factors with delayed age of menarche was done by appropriate statistical methods Results and Analysis: Out of 190 children having delayed menarche (cases) and 424 children with normal age of menarche (controls) , the height percentile (p value: 0.642), BMI ( p value: 0.091), weight (p value: 0.12)and Mid-Parental Height (p value: 0.26) had no significant correlation , while SMR ( p value:0.00), 2D:4D ratio (p value:0.002) and low Socio-economic Status (p value: 0.00) had a significant correlation with delayed menarche. Conclusion: This study is the first to examine such a wide variety of anthropometric and socio-economic factors at a time in a single cohort of females with delayed menarche. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v3i4.5902 Asian Journal of Medical Science Vol.3(4) 2012 pp.24-31

scholarly journals Research and Publication from Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan R Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Publishing Research ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Developed Countries

In 2002, Richard Smith wrote an editorial, “publishing research from developing countries” in the Journal “Statistics in Medicine” highlighting the importance of research and publication from the developing countries (DCs).1 In that article, he mentioned the disparity in research and publication between the developed and developing countries. Almost two decades on, the problem still largely remains the same. It is estimated that more than 80% of the world’s population lives in more than 100 developing countries.2 In terms of disease burden, the prevalence and mortality from diseases in the low and middle-income countries are disproportionately high compared to developed countries.3 Although there is a high burden of disease, we base our treatment inferring results from research and publication from the developed countries which may not be fully generalizable due to geographical cultural, racial, and economic factors. This is where the problem lies.

scholarly journals Estimating the Impact and Cost of the WHO 2010 Recommendations for Antiretroviral Therapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Stover ◽  
Lori Bollinger ◽  
Carlos Avila
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Eligibility Criterion ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Art Programs ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

In July 2010, WHO published new recommendations on providing antiretroviral therapy to adults and adolescents, including starting ART earlier, usually at a CD4 count of 350 or lower, specific regimens for first- and second-line therapies, and other recommendations. This paper estimates the potential impact and cost of the revised guidelines by first, calculating the number of people that would be in need of antiretroviral therapy (ART) with different eligibility criteria, and second, calculating the costs associated with the potential impact. Results indicate that switching the eligibility criterion from CD4 count <200 to <350 increases the need for ART in low- and middle-income countries (country-level) by 50% (range 34% to 70%). The costs of ART programs only to increase coverage to 80% by 2015 would be 44% more (range 29% to 63%) when switching the eligibility criterion to CD4 count <350. When testing and outreach costs are included, total costs increase by 62%, from US$26.3 billion under the previous eligibility criterion of treating those with CD4 <200 to US$42.5 billion using the revised eligibility criterion of treating those with CD4 <350.

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