scholarly journals The long-term residual effects of low-magnitude mechanical stimulation therapy on skeletal health

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle A. Bodnyk ◽  
Kyle S. Kuchynsky ◽  
Megan Balgemann ◽  
Brooke Stephens ◽  
Richard T. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Skeletal Health ◽  
Low Magnitude

The Long-Term Residual Effects of Low-Magnitude Mechanical Stimulation On Murine Femoral Mechanics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle A Bodnyk ◽  
Do-Gyoon Kim ◽  
Xueliang Pan ◽  
Richard T Hart
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Skeletal Health ◽  
Drug Treatments ◽  
Low Magnitude

Abstract As an alternative to drug treatments, low-magnitude mechanical stimulation (LMMS) may improve skeletal health without potential side effects from drugs. LMMS has been shown to increase bone health short term in both animal and clinical studies. Long term changes to the mechanical properties of bone from LMMS are currently unknown, so the objective of this research is to investigate the long-term effects of whole body vibration therapy on the elastic and viscoelastic properties of bone. In this study 10-week old female BALB/cByJ mice were given LMMS (15 min/day, 5 days/week, 0.3 g, 90 Hz) for 8 weeks; SHAM did not receive LMMS. Two sets of groups remained on study for an additional 8 or 16 weeks post LMMS (N=17). MicroCT and histomorphology of these femurs were studied and results were published by Bodnyk et al. [1]. Femoral quasi-static bending stiffness trended 4.2% increase in stiffness after 8-weeks of LMMS and 1.3% increase 8-weeks post LMMS compared to SHAM. Damping, tan delta, and loss stiffness, significantly increased by 17.6%, 16.3%, and 16.6% respectively at 8 weeks LMMS compared to SHAM. Finite element models of applied LMMS signal showed decreased stress in the mid-diaphyseal region at both 8-week LMMS and 8-week post LMMS compared to SHAM. Residual mechanical changes in bone during and post-LMMS indicates that LMMS could be used to increase long-term mechanical integrity of bone.

The effect of low magnitude mechanical stimulation (LMMS) on bone density in patients with Rett syndrome: A pilot and feasibility study

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Y. Afzal ◽  
Anna R. Wender ◽  
Mary D. Jones ◽  
Ellen B. Fung ◽  
Elaine L. Pico
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Rett Syndrome ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Low Magnitude

scholarly journals Residual effects of superficial liming on tropical soil under no-tillage system

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1633-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Hideo Martins da Costa ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
Jayme Ferrari Neto ◽  
Gustavo Spadotti Amaral Castro
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Tillage System

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the long-term effects of the surface application of lime on soil fertility and on the mineral nutrition and grain yield of soybean, and of black oat and sorghum in crop succession. The experiment was carried out on a clayey Oxisol, in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates. Treatments consisted of lime the rates of 0, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 kg ha-1, applied in October 2002 and November 2004. Soil samples were collected at five soil layers, down to 0.60-m depth. Surface liming was effective in reducing soil acidity and increasing Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents in the subsurface. Moreover, it increased available phosphorus contents and soil organic matter in the long term (48 to 60 months after the last lime application). Surface liming improved plant nutrition, mainly for N, Ca, and Mg, and increased dry matter production and grain yield of the crops, even in years with regular distribution of rainfall. The greatest productivities of soybean, black oat, and sorghum were obtained with the respective estimated lime doses of 4,000, 2,333, and 3,281 kg ha-1, for shoot dry matter, and of 2,550, 3,555, and over 4,000 kg ha-1, for grain yield.

scholarly journals Influence of long-term mineral fertilization on metal contents and properties of soil samples taken from different locations in Hesse, Germany

SOIL ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Czarnecki ◽  
R.-A. Düring
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Metal Contents

Abstract. Essential and non-essential metals occur in soils as a result of weathering, industrial processes, fertilization, and atmospheric deposition. Badly adapted cultivation of agricultural soils (declining pH value, application of unsuitable fertilizers) can enhance the mobility of metals and thereby increase their concentrations in agricultural products. As the enrichment of metals in soils occurs over long time periods, monitoring of the long-term impact of fertilization is necessary to assess metal accumulation in agricultural soils. The main objective of this study was to test the effects of different mineral fertilizer variations on soil properties (pH, Corg, and cation exchange capacity (CEC)) and pseudo-total and mobile metal contents of soils after 14 years of fertilizer application and to determine residual effects of the fertilization 8 years after cessation of fertilizer treatment. Soil samples were taken from a field experiment which was carried out at four different locations (210, 260, 360, and 620 m above sea level) in Hesse, Germany. During the study, a significant decrease in soil pH and an evident increase in soil carbon content and cation exchange capacity with fertilization were determined. The CEC of the soils was closely related to their organic C contents. Moreover, pseudo- and mobile metal (Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn) contents in the soils increased due to application of 14 years of mineral fertilizer treatments (N, P, NP, and NPK) when compared to control plots. Eight years after termination of the fertilization in the soil samples taken from soil profiles of the fertilized plots (NPK) for monitoring the residual effects of the fertilizer application, a decrease of 82.6, 54.2, 48.5, 74.4, and 56.9% in pseudo-total Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn contents, respectively, was determined.

scholarly journals Global and long-term comparison of SCIAMACHY limb ozone profiles with correlative satellite data (2002–2008)

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 4867-4910
Author(s):  
S. Mieruch ◽  
M. Weber ◽  
C. von Savigny ◽  
A. Rozanov ◽  
H. Bovensmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Convective Cloud ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Statistical Hypothesis ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Statistical Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Trend Model ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Linear Trends

Abstract. SCIAMACHY limb scatter ozone profiles from 2002 to 2008 have been compared with MLS (2005–2008), SABER (2002–2008), SAGE II (2002–2005), HALOE (2002–2005) and ACE-FTS (2004–2008) measurements. The comparison is performed for global zonal averages and heights from 10 to 50 km in one km steps. The validation was performed by comparing monthly mean zonal means and by comparing averages over collocated profiles within a zonal band and month. Both approaches yield similar results. For most of the stratosphere SCIAMACHY agrees to within 10 % or better with other correlative data. A systematic bias of SCIAMACHY ozone of up to 100 % between 10 and 20 km in the tropics points to some remaining issues with regard to convective cloud interference. Statistical hypothesis testing reveals at which altitudes and in which region differences between SCIAMACHY and other satellite data are statistically significant. We also estimated linear trends from monthly mean data for different periods where SCIAMACHY has common observations with other satellite data using a classical trend model with QBO and seasonal terms in order to draw conclusions on potential instrumental drifts as a function of latitude and altitude. SCIAMACHY exhibits a statistically significant negative trend in the range of of about 1–3 % per year depending on latitude during the period 2002–2005 (overlapping with HALOE and SAGE II) and somewhat less during 2002–2008 (overlapping with SABER) in the altitude range of 30–40 km, while in the period 2004–2008 (overlapping with MLS and ACE-FTS) no significant trends are observed. The statistically significant negative trends only observed with SCIAMACHY data point at some residual effects from errors in the tangent height registration.

Affirmative Disclosure: Long-term Monitoring of Residual Effects

1983 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Kinnear ◽  
James R. Taylor ◽  
Oded Gur-Arie
Keyword(s):  
Federal Trade Commission ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Consumer Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deceptive Advertising ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Fruit Drink ◽  
Term Monitoring

In 1973, the Federal Trade Commission charged the manufacturer of Hawaiian Punch fruit drink with deceptive advertising of the proportion of natural fruit juice in the product. A consent order that specified the use of corrective advertising (affirmative disclosure) to correct suspected residual effects was agreed to. The order required that a consumer survey be conducted to demonstrate whether the residual effects had dissipated to an acceptable level. This study presents the results of 11 cross-sectional surveys taken over a nine-year period following the FTC order. The results indicate that residual effects have systematically declined over the nine-year period and are now at a level which meets one of the FTC's three criteria for termination of the affirmative disclosure advertising message.

scholarly journals Brain ventricular volume changes induced by long-duration spaceflight

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 10531-10536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelique Van Ombergen ◽  
Steven Jillings ◽  
Ben Jeurissen ◽  
Elena Tomilovskaya ◽  
Alena Rumshiskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Ventricle ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Ventricular Volume ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Significant Difference

Long-duration spaceflight induces detrimental changes in human physiology. Its residual effects and mechanisms remain unclear. We prospectively investigated the changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume of the brain ventricular regions in space crew by means of a region of interest analysis on structural brain scans. Cosmonaut MRI data were investigated preflight (n = 11), postflight (n = 11), and at long-term follow-up 7 mo after landing (n = 7). Post hoc analyses revealed a significant difference between preflight and postflight values for all supratentorial ventricular structures, i.e., lateral ventricle (mean % change ± SE = 13.3 ± 1.9), third ventricle (mean % change ± SE = 10.4 ± 1.1), and the total ventricular volume (mean % change ± SE = 11.6 ± 1.5) (all P < 0.0001), with higher volumes at postflight. At follow-up, these structures did not quite reach baseline levels, with still residual increases in volume for the lateral ventricle (mean % change ± SE = 7.7 ± 1.6; P = 0.0009), the third ventricle (mean % change ± SE = 4.7 ± 1.3; P = 0.0063), and the total ventricular volume (mean % change ± SE = 6.4 ± 1.3; P = 0.0008). This spatiotemporal pattern of CSF compartment enlargement and recovery points to a reduced CSF resorption in microgravity as the underlying cause. Our results warrant more detailed and longer longitudinal follow-up. The clinical impact of our findings on the long-term cosmonauts’ health and their relation to ocular changes reported in space travelers requires further prospective studies.

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