scholarly journals ABBaH teens: Activity Breaks for Brain Health in adolescents: study protocol for a randomized crossover trial

Trials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emerald G. Heiland ◽  
Karin Kjellenberg ◽  
Olga Tarassova ◽  
Maria Fernström ◽  
Gisela Nyberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Link Type

Abstract Background Physical activity breaks are widely being implemented in school settings as a solution to increase academic performance and reduce sitting time. However, the underlying physiological mechanisms suggested to improve cognitive function from physical activity and the frequency, intensity, and duration of the breaks remain unknown. This study will investigate the effects of frequent, short physical activity breaks during prolonged sitting on task-related prefrontal cerebral blood flow, cognitive performance, and psychological factors. Additionally, the moderating and mediating effects of arterial stiffness on changes in cerebral blood flow will be tested. Methods This is a protocol for a randomized crossover study that will recruit 16 adolescents (13–14 years old). Participants will undergo three different conditions in a randomized order, on three separate days, involving sitting 80 min with a different type of break every 17 min for 3 min. The breaks will consist of (1) seated social breaks, (2) simple resistance activities, and (3) step-up activities. Before and after the 80-min conditions, prefrontal cerebral blood flow changes will be measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (primary outcome), while performing working memory tasks (1-, 2-, and 3-back tests). Arterial stiffness (augmentation index and pulse wave velocity) and psychological factors will also be assessed pre and post the 80-min interventions. Discussion Publication of this protocol will help to increase rigor in science. The results will inform regarding the underlying mechanisms driving the association between physical activity breaks and cognitive performance. This information can be used for designing effective and feasible interventions to be implemented in schools. Trial registration www.ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04552626. Retrospectively registered on September 21, 2020.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Physical Activity Level With Arterial Stiffness, Cerebral Blood Flow, and Cognitive Function in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-536
Author(s):  
Ruda Lee ◽  
Jin-Su Kim ◽  
Eui-Young Lee ◽  
Shin-Young Park ◽  
Moon-Hyon Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Relationship Of

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship of physical activity level with arterial stiffness, cerebral blood flow, and cognitive function in young adults.METHODS: Forty-six young adults participated in this cross-sectional study. Physical activity levels were assessed for seven consecutive days using accelerometers. To assess arterial stiffness, the carotid–femoral artery pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and augmentation index (AIx) were measured. Cognitive function was assessed using the Stroop Color-Word test, and cerebral blood flow was evaluated using near-infrared spectroscopy devices during the cognitive function test.RESULTS: AIx was inversely associated with axis-1 counts, vector magnitude counts, moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA) time, and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) time (r≤-0.31, p≤.04). The AIx adjusted to the heart rate of 75 beats per minute was inversely correlated with axis-1 counts, vector magnitude counts, step counts, MPA time, and MVPA time (r≤-0.33, p≤.03). There was no relationship between cfPWV and physical activity level parameters (r≤0.10, p≥.51). The difference between oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin levels was positively related to axis-1 counts, step counts, MPA time, and MVPA time (r≥0.31, p≤.04). Regarding cognitive function, the response time for the presented words was negatively associated with step counts (r=-0.42, p<.01) and MPA time (r=-0.29, p=.048), and response time on the presented words with matched color was negatively related to step counts (r=-0.31, p=.04).CONCLUSIONS: More physically active adults are more likely to have lower arterial stiffness, increased brain oxygenation, and better cognitive function, even if they are young and healthy.

scholarly journals Altered Arterial Stiffness, Cerebral Blood Flow and Cognitive Function in Young Smokers in Response to One-Bout of Aerobic Exercise: MICE vs. HIIE

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-315
Author(s):  
Jisun Hwang ◽  
Ruda Lee ◽  
Jin-Su Kim ◽  
Moon-Hyon Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Young Smokers

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the acute effects of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) with moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on arterial stiffness, cerebral blood flow and cognitive function in young smokers.METHODS: Young smokers (23.1 years & 7.2 pack years) were randomly assigned to either MICE (n=5) or HIIE (n=4) group. MICE was implemented at 70% of HRmax for 30 minutes. HIIE was performed at 70% and 90% of HRmax for 24 minutes. Central artery stiffness was assessed by aortic pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), augmentation index (AIx) at pre and post-exercise, and 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 24 hours following the exercises. Cerebral blood flow was continuously monitored using near-infrared spectroscopy technique before and during exercise, and at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 24 hours following the exercises. Cognitive function was assessed by Stroop Color-Word test at pre-exercise, and 30 minutes and 24 hours following the exercises.RESULTS: There was no significant group by time interaction in cfPWV, AIx, cerebral blood flow (HbO2) level, and cognitive function. Compared with MICE, cfPWV was increased (p=.01) at 30 minutes but AIx was decreased (p=.02) at 1 hour following HIIE. When MICE and HIIE combined, arterial stiffness and cerebral blood flow measures, and cognitive function parameters were improved following even one-bout of exercise (p≤.049). Change in AIx was associated with change in cognitive function at 30 minutes following the exercises (r=.69, p=.06).CONCLUSIONS: Even one-bout of either MIIE or HIIT acutely improves aortic wave reflection, cerebral blood flow and cognitive function in young smokers. The intensity of aerobic exercise does not seem to make meaningful differences in the positive effects on arterial stiffness, cerebral blood flow, and cognitive function in young smokers if both exercises have the same volume.

scholarly journals AUGMENTATION INDEX IS A PREDICTOR OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW ACROSS GLOBAL GRAY MATTER IN THE ELDERLY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S643-S643
Author(s):  
Adrian Noriega de la Colina ◽  
Badji Atef ◽  
Sven Joubert ◽  
Louis Bherer ◽  
Maxime Lamarre-Cliche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Models

Abstract Arterial stiffness and blood pressure (BP) are contributors to cognitive decline and dementia. Lower global cerebral blood flow (CBF) is one of the earliest manifestations of biological alterations linked to cognitive decline, nevertheless the best cardiovascular predictor of CBF in gray-matter (CBF-GM) remains to be identified. Our objective is to determine the best predictor of CBF-GM levels amongst cardiovascular parameters. Eigthy-four healthy participants between 60-80 years-old were evaluated. The measured parameters for arterial stiffness were the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) and the augmentation index (Aix), measured by applanation tonometry (SphygmoCor). Mean systolic BP (SBP) was monitored over 24-hours and analyzed following Hypertension-Canada’s guidelines(2018). The coefficient of variation for 24-hours SBP was calculated by dividing the standard deviation by the mean. Resting CBF-GM was quantified from pseudocontinuous arterial-spin-labeling using Neurolens 2.0(pcASL), and acquired on a 3T scanner (MAGNETOM Prisma-Fit). We created multiple linear regression models for each independent variable (cf-PWV, Aix, mean-SBP in 24 hours and the coefficient of variation of 24-hours SBP) using age, sex, schooling and body mass index as covariates. Multiple linear regression models demonstrated that two independent variables could predict CBF-GM levels: a)PWV (p=0.010) and b)Aix (p=0.006). In this cohort, we demonstrated that while PWV and Aix are both predictors of CBF-GM levels, it is Aix which has the highest predictive value and could be a useful tool to understand the interplay between lower CBF-GM and arterial stiffness. These results also indicate that Aix may be a good therapeutic target to preserve brain health and cognition.

SMART STEP – SMARTphone-driven exercise and pedometer-based STEP intervention to promote physical activity among desk-based employees: Study protocol for a three-arm cluster randomized controlled trial

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Baskaran Chandrasekaran ◽  
Chythra R Rao ◽  
Fiddy Davis ◽  
Ashokan Arumugam
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Sickness Absenteeism

BACKGROUND: Prolonged sitting in desk-based office workers is found to be associated with increased cardiometabolic risk and poor cognitive performance. Technology-based physical activity (PA) interventions using smartphone applications (SmPh app) to promote PA levels might be effective in reducing cardiometabolic risk among sedentary population but the evidence remains inconclusive. OBJECTIVE: The objective is to investigate the effects of a technology-based PA intervention compared to PA education with a worksite manual or no intervention on PA levels, cardiometabolic risk, cognitive performance, and work productivity among desk-based employees. METHOD: A three-arm clustered randomized trial will be conducted. The study will be conducted among various administrative offices of a multifaceted university in India. Desk-based employees aged between 30 and 50 years (n = 159; 53 in each arm) will be recruited. Employees from various constituent institutions (clusters) of the university will be randomized into one of the three following groups - SMART: SmPh app-driven break reminders (visual exercise prompts) plus pedometer-based step intervention, TRADE: worksite PA education with a manual plus American College of Sports Medicine guided PA prescription, or CONTROL: usual work group. At baseline and after the 1st, 3rd and 6th month of the trial period, accelerometer-measured sitting time and PA levels, cardiometabolic risk (fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, insulin, blood pressure, heart rate variability, functional capacity, and subcutaneous fat), cognitive performance (executive function), sickness absenteeism and work limitations will be assessed by a blinded assessor. Therapist delivering interventions will not be blinded. CONCLUSION: This trial will determine whether a combined SmPh-app and pedometer-based intervention is more effective than education or no intervention in altering PA levels, cardiometabolic risk and cognitive performance among desk-based employees in India. This study has the potential to foster institutional recommendations for using SmPh-based technology and pedometers to promote PA at work.

Cognitive performance and cerebral blood flow in essential hypotension

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 905-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Duschek ◽  
Rainer Schandry
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cognitive Performance

scholarly journals Decreased physical activity predicts cognitive dysfunction and reduced cerebral blood flow in heart failure

2014 ◽  
Vol 339 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Alosco ◽  
Mary Beth Spitznagel ◽  
Ronald Cohen ◽  
Naftali Raz ◽  
Lawrence H. Sweet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction

scholarly journals Impact of hypertension severity on arterial stiffness, cerebral vasoreactivity, and cognitive performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Cotchi Simbo Muela ◽  
Valeria A. Costa-Hong ◽  
Monica Sanches Yassuda ◽  
Michel Ferreira Machado ◽  
Ricardo de Carvalho Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Artery Flow ◽  
Cerebral Vasoreactivity

ABSTRACT. Aging, hypertension (HTN), and other cardiovascular risk factors contribute to structural and functional changes of the arterial wall. Objective: To evaluate whether arterial stiffness (AS) is related to cerebral blood flow changes and its association with cognitive function in patients with hypertension. Methods: 211 patients (69 normotensive and 142 hypertensive) were included. Patients with hypertension were divided into 2 stages: HTN stage-1 and HTN stage-2. The mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and a battery of neuropsychological (NPE) tests were used to determine cognitive function. Pulse wave velocity was measured using the Complior®. Carotid properties were assessed by radiofrequency ultrasound. Central arterial pressure and augmentation index were obtained using applanation tonometry. Middle cerebral artery flow velocity was measured by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Results: Both arterial stiffness parameters and cerebral vasoreactivity worsened in line with HTN severity. There was a negative correlation between breath holding index (BHI) and arterial stiffness parameters. Cognitive performance worsened in line with HTN severity, with statistical difference occurring mainly between the HTN-2 and normotension groups on both the MMSE and MoCA. The same tendency was observed on the NPE tests. Conclusion: Hypertension severity was associated with higher AS, worse BHI, and lower cognitive performance.

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