Butanol production from lignocellulosic sugars by Clostridium beijerinckii in microbioreactors

Abstract Background Butanol (n-butanol) has been gaining attention as a renewable energy carrier and an alternative biofuel with superior properties to the most widely used ethanol. We performed 48 anaerobic fermentations simultaneously with glucose and xylose as representative lignocellulosic sugars by Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 in BioLector® microbioreactors to understand the effect of different sugar mixtures on fermentation and to demonstrate the applicability of the micro-cultivation system for high-throughput anaerobic cultivation studies. We then compared the results to those of similar cultures in serum flasks to provide insight into different setups and measurement methods. Results ANOVA results showed that the glucose-to-xylose ratio affects both growth and production due to Carbon Catabolite Repression. The study demonstrated successful use of BioLector® system for the first time for screening several media and sugar compositions under anaerobic conditions by using online monitoring of cell mass and pH in real-time and at unprecedented time-resolution. Fermentation products possibly interfered with dissolved oxygen (DO) measurements, which require a careful interpretation of DO monitoring results. Conclusions The statistical approach to evaluate the microbioreactor setup, and information obtained in this study will support further research in bioreactor and bioprocess design, which are very important aspects of industrial fermentations of lignocellulosic biomass.

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Butanol Production from Lignocellulosic Sugars by Clostridium beijerinckii in Microbioreactors

10.21203/rs.2.23457/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Cansu Birgen ◽

Kristin F. Degnes ◽

Sidsel Markussen ◽

Alexander Wentzel ◽

Håvard Sletta

Keyword(s):

Carbon Catabolite Repression ◽

Scale Up ◽

Clostridium Beijerinckii ◽

Cultivation System ◽

Bioprocess Design ◽

Sugar Mixtures ◽

Lignocellulosic Sugars ◽

Micro Cultivation ◽

Anaerobic Fermentations ◽

Insight Into

Abstract Background: Butanol ( n- butanol) has been gaining attention as a renewable energy carrier and an alternative biofuel with superior properties to the most widely used ethanol. We performed 48 anaerobic fermentations simultaneously with glucose and xylose as representative lignocellulosic sugars by Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 in BioLector® microbioreactors to understand the effect of different sugar mixtures on fermentation and to demonstrate the applicability of the micro-cultivation system for high-throughput anaerobic cultivation studies. We then compared the results to those of similar cultures in serum flasks to provide insight into scalability.Results: ANOVA results showed that the glucose to xylose ratio affects both growth and production due to Carbon Catabolite Repression . The study showed that the BioLector® system is well suited for screening several media and sugar compositions under anaerobic conditions.Conclusions: The approach of, and information obtained in this study will support further research in bioreactor and bioprocess design and scale-up that are very important aspects of industrial fermentations of lignocellulosic biomass.

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Clostridium schirmacherense sp. nov., an obligately anaerobic, proteolytic, psychrophilic bacterium isolated from lake sediment of Schirmacher Oasis, Antarctica

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY ◽

10.1099/ijs.0.63808-0 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 715-720 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Syed Imteyaz Alam ◽

Aparna Dixit ◽

G. S. N. Reddy ◽

S. Dube ◽

Meehir Palit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Mass ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Close Relative ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Psychrophilic Bacterium ◽

Fermentation Products ◽

Obligately Anaerobic ◽

Schirmacher Oasis ◽

Genome Level ◽

Clostridium Subterminale

A novel obligately anaerobic, proteolytic bacterium, designated AP15T, was isolated from lake sediments of Schirmacher Oasis, Antarctica. The bacterium produced maximum cell mass between 5 and 10 °C in an anaerobic basal medium containing 0·5 % tryptone and peptone. The strain grew optimally at a pH around 8·0 and tolerated NaCl up to a concentration of 7·5 %. It contained diphosphatidylglycerol as the major phospholipid and C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and C17 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. Several amino acids, including arginine, leucine, isoleucine, cysteine, glutamate and serine, supported growth. Glutamate was degraded to acetate, propionate, CO2 and H2. In addition, the strain degraded carbohydrates including glucose, raffinose, adonitol, ribose and rhamnose. The main fermentation products during growth on glucose were H2, CO2, formate, acetate, propionate and isovalerate. The DNA G+C content of the bacterium was 24 mol%. On the basis of a phylogenetic analysis, strain AP15T is identified as a close relative of Clostridium subterminale ATCC 25774T, with which it shares 99·5 % similarity at the 16S rRNA gene sequence level; however, it exhibits a low DNA–DNA binding value (55 %) to this strain at the whole-genome level. In addition to showing other major differences with respect to C. subterminale and other members of the genus Clostridium, AP15T also exhibits phenotypic differences. On the basis of these differences, strain AP15T is identified as representing a novel species of the genus Clostridium, for which the name Clostridium schirmacherense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AP15T (=DSM 17394T=JCM 13289T).

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Chelidonic Acid and Its Derivatives from Saussurea Controversa: Isolation, Structural Elucidation and Influence on the Osteogenic Differentiation of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In Vitro

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom9050189 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 189 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Elena Avdeeva ◽

Elvira Shults ◽

Tatyana Rybalova ◽

Yaroslav Reshetov ◽

Ekaterina Porokhova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽

Stromal Cells ◽

Cell Mass ◽

Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽

Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽

X Ray ◽

Icp Ms ◽

First Time ◽

Asteraceae Family

4-oxo-4H-pyran-2.6-dicarboxylic acid (chelidonic acid, ChA) in the native state and in the complex with calcium [Ca(ChA)(H2O)3], named saucalchelin (CaChA), was isolated from the extract of Saussurea controversa leaves for the first time for the Asteraceae family. The structure of ChA was determined by NMR, MS and confirmed by X-ray analysis of its monomethyl ester, and CaChA was described by IR, ICP-MS, CHN analysis. The yield of ChA and CaChA was 45 mg/g and 70 mg/g of extract, respectively. The osteogenic activity of ChA, n-monobutyl ester of chelidonic acid, and CaChA has been studied in vitro in a 21-day culture of human adipose-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMMSCs) in a standard nutrient medium without osteogenic supplements. CaChA significantly stimulated the growth of cell mass and differentiation of hAMMSCs into osteoblasts with subsequent mineralization of the culture and it may be a promising substance for accelerating bone tissue regeneration and engineering.

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Exploratory Research on Curriculum Construction of Medical Metrology Education in Colleges and Universities

International Journal of Information and Education Technology ◽

10.18178/ijiet.2020.10.11.1471 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 859-864

Author(s):

Ze-Dong Yan ◽

◽

Wei Guo ◽

Juan Liu ◽

Er-Ping Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Colleges And Universities ◽

Basic Knowledge ◽

Exploratory Research ◽

Cultivation System ◽

Teaching Laboratory ◽

National Medical ◽

Cultivation Mode ◽

Curriculum Construction ◽

First Time

Canonical and systematic quality-oriented education of medical metrology for undergraduate students has not been started in colleges and universities. The standardized training and professional cultivation system are also deficient for most medical metrological employees at present. In this study, special funds were invested to develop the teaching laboratory based on the establishment standards of national medical metrology stations. Experienced experts were also invited for the argumentation of curriculum construction and optimization of medical metrology. As a result, two undergraduate courses of medical metrology for the students majoring in Biomedical Engineering (BME) were developed for the first time based on the talent cultivation mode “basic knowledge + practical ability”. An internationally-advanced teaching laboratory for medical metrology was established, and the series textbooks were compiled and published. It is of vital significance to strengthen the curriculum construction of medical metrology for undergraduate students of BME, which may provide beneficial reference for further medical metrological talent cultivation.

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Cytoplasmic String Between ICM and mTE Is a Positive Predictor of Clinical Pregnancy and Live Birth Outcomes in Elective Frozen-thawed Single Blastocyst Transfer Cycles: a Time-lapse Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-122470/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Bing-Xin Ma ◽

Lei Jin ◽

Bo Huang

Keyword(s):

Birth Outcomes ◽

Live Birth ◽

Inner Cell Mass ◽

Cell Mass ◽

Time Lapse ◽

Clinical Pregnancy ◽

Blastocyst Transfer ◽

Single Blastocyst Transfer ◽

First Time ◽

Present Group

Abstract Background: In this study, we aim to investigate whether cytoplasmic string between inner cell mass (ICM) and mural trophectoderm (mTE) is a positive predictor of clinical pregnancy and live birth outcomes.Methods: 1,267 elective frozen-thawed single blastocyst transfer (eSBT) cycles cultured in time-lapse incubation system from January 2018 to May 2019 were involved in the study. Blastocysts were grouped according to the appearance of cytoplasmic strings between ICM and mTE cells, and identified as “Present” and “Absent” groups. In Present group, they were further categorized according to the quantity of cytoplasmic strings between ICM and mTE cells. Clinical pregnancy and live birth outcomes of blastocysts were used to evaluate the effect of cytoplasmic strings between ICM and mTE.Results: The baseline demographic and laboratory features were similar between the Present and Absent groups of cytoplasmic strings between ICM and mTE (P>0.05). According to the time-lapse analysis, cytoplasmic strings between ICM and mTE were more visible among good quality blastocysts. Furthermore, blastocysts with cytoplasmic strings showed a higher clinical pregnancy and live birth rates (P<0.05), and no significant differences were observed in abortion rate and birth weight (P>0.05).Conclusions: Although the previous conclusions of cytoplasmic strings were controversial, the present time-lapse analysis provides the evidence for the first time that cytoplasmic strings between ICM and mTE cells would be a positive predictor of clinical pregnancy and live birth outcomes in elective frozen-thawed single blastocyst transfer cycles.

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Evolution and Empire: Alfred Russel Wallace and Dutch Colonial Rule in Southeast Asia in the Mid-Nineteenth Century

Britain and the World ◽

10.3366/brw.2016.0214 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 55-75

Author(s):

Mark Clement

Keyword(s):

Natural Selection ◽

Southeast Asia ◽

Colonial Rule ◽

Rapid Progress ◽

Cultivation System ◽

Cash Crops ◽

Alfred Russel Wallace ◽

Local Practices ◽

Victorian Period ◽

First Time

While Alfred Russel Wallace is sometimes remembered for his sympathy for ‘savages’, it has also been observed that he was closely associated with European colonial regimes during his long stint of fieldwork in Southeast Asia (1854–62). Moreover, it has been argued that as one of the first scientists to extend natural selection to humans following his return to Britain he acquiesced in the extinction of primitive peoples. This article examines in detail for the first time the development of Wallace's admiration for the Dutch Cultivation System, which combined paternalistic administration with a government monopoly over the production of cash crops. While travelling through the archipelago Wallace encountered numerous examples of Indo-Dutch creole culture and he himself made significant lifestyle adaptations to local practices. When he first observed the Cultivation System in the Minahasa region of northern Sulawesi Wallace experienced an epiphany as he witnessed the rapid progress towards ‘civilization’ made by former ‘savages’. This, he attributed to the Dutch system, which he believed to be well adapted to the principles of human mental and moral development. In advocating the Dutch model as a preferable alternative to British free trade and neglect of its civilising mission in India, Australia, and elsewhere, Wallace hoped not only to arrest the decline of primitive societies but also to promote the ultimate uniting of humankind in a single race. In the context of debates over human evolution, slavery, race, and imperial policy in Britain in the 1860s, this was an unusual and radical stance, which challenges simplistic representations of Wallace as a supporter of empire around mid-century who moved towards anti-imperialism in the late Victorian period.

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The Influence of Rootstock on the Growth and Fructification of Cherry Cultivars in a High Density Cultivation System

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha45210826 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 451-457

Author(s):

Monica Diana PAL ◽

Ioana MITRE ◽

Adrian C. ASĂNICĂ ◽

Adriana F. SESTRAȘ ◽

Adrian G. PETICILĂ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Average Length ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cumulative Yield ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cultivation System ◽

Mean Values ◽

Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽

First Time ◽

Gisela 5

The influence of rootstock on the growth and fruiting of three sweet cherry cultivars (‘Bigarreau Burlat’, ‘Kordia’, ‘Regina’) was studied under the pedoclimatic conditions of Cluj-Napoca, Romania, in 2014-2016. The trees were grafted on Gisela 5 rootstock, trained as Zahn Spindle and the orchard had a density of 1666 trees/ha. Root were cut twice, at 50 cm distance from the trunk, in an angle of 45° and 30 cm depth, as followed: first time, to the autumn, in fall leaves time, on one side of the row and the second time, in spring, at blooming time, at the other side of the row. The rootstocks influenced height of the trees, the shoot growth, the number of long and fruiting branches, trunk cross sectional area yield and precocity, with differences statistically assured. The longest shoots, in mean values, gave the variant with cultivars grafted on Mahaleb rootstock (111.7 cm). ‘Gisela 5’ rootstock decreases the average length of annual growth (93.3 cm). Trees grafted on Mahaleb formed more long fruiting branches and fewer short fruiting branches than those grafted on ‘Gisela 5’. The biggest average trunks cross sectional area were obtained for the cultivars grafted on Mahaleb (62.1 cm2). Also rootstocks influenced the height of the trees. The cumulative yield was almost double in variants where the trees were grafted on ‘Gisela 5’ (23.2kg/tree), compared to the variants where the trees were grafted on Mahaleb (13.1 kg/tree).

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Chronic fistula to rabbit cecum microbiome study

Agrarian Bulletin of the ◽

10.32417/1997-4868-2021-213-10-40-47 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 213 (10) ◽

pp. 40-47

Author(s):

G Kosovskiy ◽

Elena Kolesnik ◽

Dmitriy Popov

Keyword(s):

Chemical Compounds ◽

Skin Wound ◽

Complete Healing ◽

Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽

Fermentation Products ◽

Chronic Fistula ◽

Dietary Components ◽

Overall Resistance ◽

First Time

Abstract. The purpose of this work is to approve a device for studying the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract of mammals. The study of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the digestive tract microbiota is one of the promising directions in metagenomics. Knowledge obtained about the organization of microbiocenosis genome, the determination of species composition and study of metabolic relationships between its representatives not only expand the understanding of its role in the process of evolution, speciation and breeding but also provide a scientifically substantiated basis for targeting changes in the microbiome to form a phenotype (optimization of feed bioconversion, increasing overall resistance, etc.). Scientific novelty. For the first time, the main characteristics of cellulolytic bacteria isolated from the chyme of the rabbit cecum were isolated, cultured and described through a chronic fistula. Methods. In order to carry out research aimed to study mammalian microbiome and its correction, the need arises to develop methods of obtaining microbiome samples from experimental animals. To obtain access to the chyme of the cecum in 7 rabbits for up to 3 months the chronic fistulas developed in Scientific Research Institute of Fur-Bearing Animal Breeding and Rabbit Breeding n. a. V. A. Afanas’ev were installed. No negative manifestations were observed in the animals after installation of the fistulas, no changes in appetite were detected, and complete healing of the skin wound was determined on the 9th day. Diagnostic laparotomies performed 3 months after fistula placement revealed no pathological processes in any of the studied animals. Results. Characteristics of cellulolytic bacteria of the rabbit cecum Butirivibrio fibrisolvens and Ruminococcus flavefaciens were studied. Data on their enzymatic effects on dietary components, fermentation products, digestion and formation of organic substances and chemical compounds are presented.

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Cytoplasmic String Between ICM and mTE Is a Positive Predictor of Clinical Pregnancy and Live Birth Outcomes in Elective Frozen-thawed Single Blastocyst Transfer Cycles: A Time-lapse Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-144098/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bingxin Ma ◽

Lei Jin ◽

Bo Huang

Keyword(s):

Birth Outcomes ◽

Live Birth ◽

Inner Cell Mass ◽

Cell Mass ◽

Time Lapse ◽

Clinical Pregnancy ◽

Blastocyst Transfer ◽

Single Blastocyst Transfer ◽

First Time ◽

Present Group

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Lineage analysis of inner cell mass and trophectoderm using microsurgically reconstituted mouse blastocysts

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.68.1.199 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 199-209

Author(s):

Virginia E. Papaioannou

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Assay ◽

Inner Cell Mass ◽

Cell Mass ◽

Glucose Phosphate Isomerase ◽

Mouse Blastocyst ◽

Cell Lineages ◽

Glucose Phosphate ◽

Parietal Endoderm ◽

First Time ◽

Lineage Analysis

The fate of mouse blastocyst tissues was examined following reconstitution of blastocystsfrom isolated inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm differing for electrophoretic variantsat the glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI-1) locus. A modified microsurgical method was usedand a more sensitive enzyme assay allowed finer dissection of developing chimaeric con-ceptuses. In seven of nine cases, the extraembryonic ectoderm or the later ectoderm of thechorion was entirely of the blastocyst trophectoderm enzyme type, providing the first ditectevidence that this tissue can be wholly derived from the trophectoderm. The two exceptionscould represent contamination of the ICM with trophectoderm or might indicate somedevelopmental lability of ICM cells. In addition, the results confirm the cell lineages of othertissues of the 7·5- to 9·5-day pc embryo and, for the first time, directly demonstrate the ICMorigin of the parietal endoderm.

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