scholarly journals Clostridium schirmacherense sp. nov., an obligately anaerobic, proteolytic, psychrophilic bacterium isolated from lake sediment of Schirmacher Oasis, Antarctica

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Imteyaz Alam ◽  
Aparna Dixit ◽  
G. S. N. Reddy ◽  
S. Dube ◽  
Meehir Palit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Mass ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Psychrophilic Bacterium ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Obligately Anaerobic ◽  
Schirmacher Oasis ◽  
Genome Level ◽  
Clostridium Subterminale

A novel obligately anaerobic, proteolytic bacterium, designated AP15T, was isolated from lake sediments of Schirmacher Oasis, Antarctica. The bacterium produced maximum cell mass between 5 and 10 °C in an anaerobic basal medium containing 0·5 % tryptone and peptone. The strain grew optimally at a pH around 8·0 and tolerated NaCl up to a concentration of 7·5 %. It contained diphosphatidylglycerol as the major phospholipid and C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and C17 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. Several amino acids, including arginine, leucine, isoleucine, cysteine, glutamate and serine, supported growth. Glutamate was degraded to acetate, propionate, CO2 and H2. In addition, the strain degraded carbohydrates including glucose, raffinose, adonitol, ribose and rhamnose. The main fermentation products during growth on glucose were H2, CO2, formate, acetate, propionate and isovalerate. The DNA G+C content of the bacterium was 24 mol%. On the basis of a phylogenetic analysis, strain AP15T is identified as a close relative of Clostridium subterminale ATCC 25774T, with which it shares 99·5 % similarity at the 16S rRNA gene sequence level; however, it exhibits a low DNA–DNA binding value (55 %) to this strain at the whole-genome level. In addition to showing other major differences with respect to C. subterminale and other members of the genus Clostridium, AP15T also exhibits phenotypic differences. On the basis of these differences, strain AP15T is identified as representing a novel species of the genus Clostridium, for which the name Clostridium schirmacherense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AP15T (=DSM 17394T=JCM 13289T).

Alkalitalea saponilacus gen. nov., sp. nov., an obligately anaerobic, alkaliphilic, xylanolytic bacterium from a meromictic soda lake

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (Pt_11) ◽  
pp. 2618-2623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baisuo Zhao ◽  
Shulin Chen
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Soda Lake ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Obligately Anaerobic ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Family

A Gram-positive, obligately anaerobic, motile, slender, flexible rod, designated SC/BZ-SP2T, was isolated from mixed alkaline water and sediment of Soap Lake, Washington State, USA. Strain SC/BZ-SP2T formed salmon to pink colonies and was alkaliphilic. The isolate grew at pH35 °C 7.5–10.5 (optimum pH35 °C 9.7), at 8–40 °C (optimum 35–37 °C) and with 0.35–1.38 M Na+ (optimum 0.44–0.69 M Na+). The isolate utilized l-arabinose, d-ribose, d-xylose, d-fructose, d-mannose, d-galactose, cellobiose, maltose, sucrose, trehalose, sorbitol, xylan, malate and yeast extract as carbon and energy sources; best growth was observed with l-arabinose, cellobiose, maltose and trehalose. The major fermentation products from beechwood xylan were propionate and acetate. The dominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C17 : 0 3-OH and C15 : 0 3-OH. The cell-wall sugars were ribose, xylose, galactose and glucose. Thiosulfate and sulfite could be reduced to sulfide. The genomic DNA G+C content was 39.5±0.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SC/BZ-SP2T belonged to the family Marinilabiliaceae of the order Bacteroidales , class Bacteroidia . The most closely related strains were Alkaliflexus imshenetskii Z-7010T (91.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Marinilabilia salmonicolor Cy s1T (91.0 %) and Anaerophaga thermohalophila Fru22T (90.4 %). On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic features, strain SC/BZ-SP2T represents a novel species in a new genus of the family Marinilabiliaceae , for which the name Alkalitalea saponilacus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Alkalitalea saponilacus is SC/BZ-SP2T ( = ATCC BAA-2172T  = DSM 24412T).

scholarly journals Parabacteroides chartae sp. nov., an obligately anaerobic species from wastewater of a paper mill

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (Pt_11) ◽  
pp. 2613-2617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Qin Tan ◽  
Tian-Tian Li ◽  
Chu Zhu ◽  
Xin-Qi Zhang ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Obligately Anaerobic ◽  
Link Type

A bacterial strain, designated NS31-3T, was isolated from the wastewater of a paper mill. Cells of the isolate were obligately anaerobic, non-pigmented, non-motile, Gram-negative, short rods (0.7–1.0×1.4–2.5 µm). The isolate was able to grow on media containing 20 % bile salts. API 20A tests showed that acid was produced from glucose, lactose, sucrose, maltose, d-xylose, l-arabinose, cellobiose, d-mannose, d-melezitose, d-raffinose, d-trehalose, d-mannitol, salicin and d-sorbitol. The main fermentation products from PYG broth were lactic acid, propionic acid, formic acid and acetic acid. Chemotaxonomic analysis showed that the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and the predominant respiratory quinones were MK-9 and MK-10. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain NS31-3T was related to members of genus Parabacteroides (91.2–93.2 % sequence similarity); the isolate had the closest affinity with Parabacteroides merdae JCM 9497T. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 37.2 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain NS31-3T represents a novel species of the genus Parabacteroides , for which the name Parabacteroides chartae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NS31-3T ( = JCM 17797T  = DSM 24967T).

scholarly journals Microbial Community Dynamics during Production of the Mexican Fermented Maize Dough Pozol

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 3664-3673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil ben Omar ◽  
Fr�d�ric Ampe
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Polyphasic Approach ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Rdna Genes

ABSTRACT The dynamics of the microbial community responsible for the traditional fermentation of maize in the production of Mexican pozol was investigated by using a polyphasic approach combining (i) microbial enumerations with culture media, (ii) denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting of total community DNA with bacterial and eukaryotic primers and sequencing of partial 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes, (iii) quantification of rRNAs from dominant microbial taxa by using phylogenetic oligonucleotide probes, and (iv) analysis of sugars and fermentation products. AStreptococcus species dominated the fermentation and accounted for between 25 and 75% of the total flora throughout the process. Results also showed that the initial epiphytic aerobic microflora was replaced in the first 2 days by heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB), including a close relative ofLactobacillus fermentum, producing lactic acid and ethanol; this heterolactic flora was then progressively replaced by homofermentative LAB (mainly close relatives of L. plantarum, L. casei, and L. delbrueckii) which continued acidification of the maize dough. At the same time, a very diverse community of yeasts and fungi developed, mainly at the periphery of the dough. The analysis of the DGGE patterns obtained with bacterial and eukaryotic primers targeting the 16S and 18S rDNA genes clearly demonstrated that there was a major shift in the community structure after 24 h and that high biodiversity—according to the Shannon-Weaver index—was maintained throughout the process. These results proved that a relatively high number of species, at least six to eight, are needed to perform this traditional lactic acid fermentation. The presence ofBifidobacterium, Enterococcus, and enterobacteria suggests a fecal origin of some important pozol microorganisms. Overall, the results obtained with different culture-dependent or -independent techniques clearly confirmed the importance of developing a polyphasic approach to study the ecology of fermented foods.

Arthrobacter cryoconiti sp. nov., a psychrophilic bacterium isolated from alpine glacier cryoconite

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Margesin ◽  
Peter Schumann ◽  
De-Chao Zhang ◽  
Mersiha Redzic ◽  
Yu-Guang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Psychrophilic Bacterium ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Polar Lipid Profile ◽  
Alpine Glacier ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acids

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, psychrophilic bacterium, designated strain Cr6-08T, was isolated from alpine glacier cryoconite. Growth of strain Cr6-08T occurred at 1–25 °C. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Cr6-08T is most closely related to members of the genus Arthrobacter. Strain Cr6-08T possessed chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the genus Arthrobacter, such as peptidoglycan type A3α (l-Lys–l-Ala4), MK-9(H2) as major menaquinone and anteiso- and iso-branched compounds (anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0) as major cellular fatty acids. The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown glycolipid and three unknown polar lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain Cr6-08T was 57.3 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and DNA–DNA relatedness data, strain Cr6-08T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter cryoconiti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Cr6-08T ( = DSM 23324T  = LMG 26052T  = CGMCC 1.10698T).

Kaistella flava sp. nov., isolated from Antarctic tundra soil, and emended descriptions of Kaistella yonginensis, Kaistella jeonii, Kaistella antarctica and Kaistella chaponensis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoya Peng ◽  
Yumin Zhang ◽  
Yijing Lu ◽  
Xueyin Zhou ◽  
Zhourui Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Aerobic Bacterium ◽  
Polar Lipid Profile ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Genome Level ◽  
Sequence Similarities

A rod-shaped, yellow-pigmented, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, designated 7-3AT, was isolated from soil from King George Island, maritime Antarctica, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Growth occurred at 4–37 °C (optimum, 20°C) and at pH 5.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0–8.0). Tolerance to NaCl was up to 4 % (w/v) with optimum growth in the absence of NaCl. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 7-3AT represented a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae . Strain 7-3AT showed the highest sequence similarities with Kaistella yonginensis HMD 1043T (96.65 %), Kaistella carnis NCTC 13525T (96.53 %), Kaistella chaponensis DSM 23145T (96.27 %), Kaistella antarctica LMG 24720T (96.13 %) and Kaistella jeonii DSM 17048T (96.06 %). A whole genome-level comparison of 7-3AT with K. jeonii DSM 17048T, K. antarctica LMG 24720T, K. chaponensis DSM 23145T, and Kaistella palustris DSM 21579T revealed average nucleotide identity (ANI) values of 79.03, 82.25, 78.12, and 74.42 %, respectively. The major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was identified as MK-6 and a few ubiquinones Q-10 were identified. In addition, flexirubin-type pigments were absent. The polar lipid profile of 7-3AT was found to contain one phosphatidylethanolamine, six unidentified aminolipids (AL) and two unidentified lipids (L). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 34.54 mol%. The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl), anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C13 : 0 and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c). On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, a novel species of the genus Kaistella , Kaistella flava sp. nov., is proposed, with the type strain 7-3AT (=CCTCC AB 2016141T= KCTC 52492T). Emended descriptions of Kaistella yonginensis , Kaistella jeonii , Kaistella antarctica and Kaistella chaponensis are also given.

199 Do the Microbiomes of Horses Process Nutrients Differently Based on Keeper Status?

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 106-106
Author(s):  
Alexa C Johnson ◽  
Amy S Biddle
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
High Performance ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Total N ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
C 50

Abstract This study reports the differential response of the equine gut microbiome to protein and/or carbohydrate based on keeper status (easy keeper (EK), medium keeper (MK), hard keeper (HK)). Anaerobic equine fecal samples (n = 12 total, n = 3 / EK, MK, HK of four breeds) inoculated microcosms with three dietary conditions (C = Carb (cornmeal), P = Protein (soybean meal), and M = mix (50% C, 50% P)). Over 48 hours, fermentation products were measured using colorimetric assays and high-performance liquid chromatography. Microbial populations were surveyed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyzed by QIIME2. Linear mixed models were fit with fixed effects of Treatment and Keeper status and their interactions, with random effects of HorseID. Differences in fermentation products by keeper status included: MK had higher pH and greater gas production, EK produced higher hydrogen sulfide, and HK had greater total protein. Total SCFA was not different between keeper status (P = 0.89) but the acetate: propionate ratio was highest for HK (2.45mM) and lowest for EK (1.85mM) (P = 0.05). Isobutyrate production was highest in HK (2.34mM) compared to MK (0.85mM) and EK (0.17mM). Treatment had significant effects across all measurements; M and C treatment values were similar reflecting microbial preferences for carbohydrates before protein. P treated trials had increased fermentation outputs due to lower acidity effects. Keeper status had no effect on α-diversity (P > 0.05) however HK horses were least affected by treatments. P treated samples were more diverse than C and M (P < 0.001). Spearman correlation of Keeper x Treatment identified Oligosphaeria spp. in EK (r = 0.49) and Fusobacteria spp. in HK whole fecal samples (r = 0.37). These data suggest that while the compositions of the gut microbiomes of keeper groups were similar, they were functionally different in processing key nutrients.

scholarly journals Planctomycetes as Host-Associated Bacteria: A Perspective That Holds Promise for Their Future Isolations, by Mimicking Their Native Environmental Niches in Clinical Microbiology Laboratories

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odilon D. Kaboré ◽  
Sylvain Godreuil ◽  
Michel Drancourt
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Sequence Detection ◽  
Human Pathology

Traditionally recognized as environmental bacteria, Planctomycetes have just been linked recently to human pathology as opportunistic pathogens, arousing a great interest for clinical microbiologists. However, the lack of appropriate culture media limits our future investigations as no Planctomycetes have ever been isolated from patients’ specimens despite several attempts. Several Planctomycetes have no cultivable members and are only recognized by 16S rRNA gene sequence detection and analysis. The cultured representatives are slow-growing fastidious bacteria and mostly difficult to culture on synthetic media. Accordingly, the provision of environmental and nutritional conditions like those existing in the natural habitat where yet uncultured/refractory bacteria can be detected might be an option for their potential isolation. Hence, we systematically reviewed the various natural habitats of Planctomycetes, to review their nutritional requirements, the physicochemical characteristics of their natural ecological niches, current methods of cultivation of the Planctomycetes and gaps, from a perspective of collecting data in order to optimize conditions and the protocols of cultivation of these fastidious bacteria. Planctomycetes are widespread in freshwater, seawater, and terrestrial environments, essentially associated to particles or organisms like macroalgae, marine sponges, and lichens, depending on the species and metabolizable polysaccharides by their sulfatases. Most Planctomycetes grow in nutrient-poor oligotrophic environments with pH ranging from 3.4 to 11, but a few strains can also grow in quite nutrient rich media like M600/M14. Also, a seasonality variation of abundance is observed, and bloom occurs in summer-early autumn, correlating with the strong growth of algae in the marine environments. Most Planctomycetes are mesophilic, but with a few Planctomycetes being thermophilic (50°C to 60°C). Commonly added nutrients are N-acetyl-glucosamine, yeast-extracts, peptone, and some oligo and macro-elements. A biphasic host-associated extract (macroalgae, sponge extract) conjugated with a diluted basal medium should provide favorable results for the success of isolation in pure culture.

scholarly journals Psychromonas boydii sp. nov., a gas-vacuolate, psychrophilic bacterium isolated from an Arctic sea-ice core

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann J. Auman ◽  
Jennifer L. Breezee ◽  
John J. Gosink ◽  
Peter Schumann ◽  
Carmen R. Barnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Psychrophilic Bacterium ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis

A gas-vacuolate bacterium, strain 174T, was isolated from a sea-ice core collected from Point Barrow, Alaska, USA. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this bacterium was most closely related to Psychromonas ingrahamii 37T, with a similarity of >99 %. However, strain 174T could be clearly distinguished from closely related species by DNA–DNA hybridization; relatedness values determined by two different methods between strain 174T and P. ingrahamii 37T were 58.4 and 55.7 % and those between strain 174T and Psychromonas antarctica DSM 10704T were 46.1 and 33.1 %, which are well below the 70 % level used to define a distinct species. Phenotypic analysis, including cell size (strain 174T is the largest member of the genus Psychromonas, with rod-shaped cells, 8–18 μm long), further differentiated strain 174T from other members of the genus Psychromonas. Strain 174T could be distinguished from its closest relative, P. ingrahamii, by its utilization of d-mannose and d-xylose as sole carbon sources, its ability to ferment myo-inositol and its inability to use fumarate and glycerol as sole carbon sources. In addition, strain 174T contained gas vacuoles of two distinct morphologies and grew at temperatures ranging from below 0 to 10 °C and its optimal NaCl concentration for growth was 3.5 %. The DNA G+C content was 40 mol%. Whole-cell fatty acid analysis showed that 16 : 1ω7c and 16 : 0 comprised 44.9 and 26.4 % of the total fatty acid content, respectively. The name Psychromonas boydii sp. nov. is proposed for this novel species, with strain 174T (=DSM 17665T =CCM 7498T) as the type strain.

2 BOVINE EMBRYONIC STEM-LIKE CELLS DERIVED FROM IN VITRO-PRODUCED BLASTOCYSTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Y. S. Bogliotti ◽  
J. Wu ◽  
M. Vilariño ◽  
K. Suzuki ◽  
J. C. Belmonte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Primitive Endoderm ◽  
Culture Dish ◽  
Rock Inhibitor ◽  
Immunodeficient Mice

Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of preimplantation blastocysts. To date, it has been challenging to establish pluripotent ESC lines for domestic animals, which could be important for biotechnological applications, such as genetic engineering and SCNT, and biomedical research. The aim of this work was to derive and characterise bovine embryonic stem-like cells (bESC) from in vitro-produced bovine blastocysts. Embryos were produced by in vitro fertilization of in vitro-matured oocytes aspirated from abattoir ovaries and cultured in groups of 25 in 50-μL drops of KSOM (Evolve, Zenith Biotech) with 4 mg mL−1 BSA for 7 days until they reached the blastocyst stage (Ross et al., 2009 Reproduction 137, 427–437). At that point, the zona pellucida (ZP) was removed using 1 mg mL−1 Pronase (Sigma, St. Louis, MO), and ZP-free blastocysts were washed 6 times in SOF-HEPES. Three derivation approaches were tested: ZP-free whole blastocysts, mechanically isolated ICM, and immunosurgery-derived ICM. In each case, individual blastocysts/ICM were placed in 1 well of a 12-well dish seeded with a monolayer of mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF) and cultured in mTeSR1 basal medium (without growth factors) supplemented with 20 ng mL−1 FGF2 and 2.5 μM IWR1 (CTFR) (Wu et al. 2015 Nature 521, 316–321). After 48 h, blastocysts/ICM that failed to adhere were physically pressed against the bottom of the culture dish with a 22-gauge needle under a stereoscope to aid attachment. Thereafter, the media was changed daily. Outgrowths (after 6–7 days in culture) were dissociated and passaged using TrypLE and re-seeded in the presence of ROCK inhibitor (Y-27632, 10 μM) onto newly prepared wells containing MEF. Established bESC lines were cultured on MEF and passaged every 4 to 5 days at a 1:10 split ratio. The bESC lines were characterised by immunofluorescence (IF), RNA-seq, and teratoma formation. The efficiency of cell line derivation (evaluated at passage 3) was similar for the 3 approaches: whole blastocysts (9/16, 56.3%), mechanical ICM isolation (7/12, 58.3%), and immunosurgical ICM isolation (7/16, 43.8%). The bESC were passaged and cultured long-term (more than 15 passages) and were subjected to several rounds of freezing and thawing while retaining their morphology and characteristics. IF analysis showed that long-term cultured bESC expressed the markers SOX2 and OCT4 (pluripotency), but did not express CDX2 (trophectoderm) or GATA6 (primitive endoderm). RNAseq analysis of 2 bESC lines showed that ICM markers (POU5F1, NANOG, SOX2, LIN28B, DNAMT3B, UTF1, SALL4) were expressed (RPKM > 0.4), while trophectoderm markers (CDX2, GATA2, GATA3, FGF4, TFAP2A) and primitive endoderm markers (GATA6, HNF4A) were not expressed (RPKM < 0.4). Finally, bESC lines (n = 2) were able to form teratomas in immunodeficient mice. The teratomas contained tissues representative of the 3 germ lineages and expressed lineage-specific markers (ectoderm: TUJ1, endoderm: FOXA2, and mesoderm: ASM). In conclusion, the culture condition used in this work (CTFR) enables robust derivation and long-term in vitro propagation of pluripotent bESC.

scholarly journals Exiguobacterium indicum sp. nov., a psychrophilic bacterium from the Hamta glacier of the Himalayan mountain ranges of India

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 2765-2770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti Chaturvedi ◽  
S. Shivaji
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Psychrophilic Bacterium ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Alkaliphilic Bacterium ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

Strain HHS 31T, a Gram-positive, motile, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, alkaliphilic bacterium, was isolated from the melt water of a glacier. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics indicate that strain HHS 31T is related to species of the genus Exiguobacterium. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between HHS 31T and strains of known species confirm that it is closely related to members of the genus Exiguobacterium (93–99 %) and that it exhibits >97 % similarity with Exiguobacterium acetylicum DSM 20416T (98.9 %), Exiguobacterium antarcticum DSM 14480T (98.0 %), Exiguobacterium oxidotolerans JCM 12280T (97.9 %) and Exiguobacterium undae DSM 14481T (97.4 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence further confirms the affiliation of HHS 31T with the genus Exiguobacterium. However, the levels of DNA–DNA relatedness between HHS 31T and E. oxidotolerans JCM 12280T, E. acetylicum DSM 20416T, E. undae DSM 14481T and E. antarcticum DSM 14480T are 50, 63, 67 and 28 %, respectively. Strain HHS 31T also differs from these four closely related species in terms of a number of phenotypic traits. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data suggest that HHS 31T merits the status of a novel species, for which the name Exiguobacterium indicum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HHS 31T (=LMG 23471T=IAM 15368T).

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