scholarly journals Risk factors and predicted distribution of visceral leishmaniasis in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, 2005–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangyu Ding ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Jingying Fu ◽  
Shuai Chen ◽  
Mengmeng Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Spatial Epidemiology ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Boosted Regression Tree ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Risk Zones ◽  
Kashgar Prefecture

Abstract Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected disease that is spread to humans by the bites of infected female phlebotomine sand flies. Although this vector-borne disease has been eliminated in most parts of China, it still poses a significant public health burden in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Understanding of the spatial epidemiology of the disease remains vague in the local community. In the present study, we investigated the spatiotemporal distribution of VL in the region in order to assess the potential threat of the disease. Methods Based on comprehensive infection records, the spatiotemporal patterns of new cases of VL in the region between 2005 and 2015 were analysed. By combining maps of environmental and socioeconomic correlates, the boosted regression tree (BRT) model was adopted to identify the environmental niche of VL. Results The fitted BRT models were used to map potential infection risk zones of VL in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, revealing that the predicted high infection risk zones were mainly concentrated in central and northern Kashgar Prefecture, south of Atushi City bordering Kashgar Prefecture and regions of the northern Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. The final result revealed that approximately 16.64 million people inhabited the predicted potential infection risk areas in the region. Conclusions Our results provide a better understanding of the potential endemic foci of VL in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region with a 1 km spatial resolution, thereby enhancing our capacity to target the potential risk areas, to develop disease control strategies and to allocate medical supplies.

scholarly journals Associations between Meteorological Factors and Visceral Leishmaniasis Outbreaks in Jiashi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, 2005–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Li ◽  
Canjun Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Although visceral leishmaniasis disease is controlled overall in China, it remains a serious public health problem and remains fundamentally uncontrolled in Jiashi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. During 2005–2015, there were two outbreaks in Jiashi County. Assessing the influence of meteorological factors on visceral leishmaniasis incidence is essential for its monitoring and control. In this study, we applied generalized estimating equations to assess the impact of meteorological factors on visceral leishmaniasis risk from 2005 to 2015. We also compared meteorological factors among years with Kruskal–Wallis test to explore possible reasons behind the two outbreaks that occurred during our study period. We found that temperature and relative humidity had very significant associations with visceral leishmaniasis risk and there were interactions between these factors. Increasing temperature or decreasing relative humidity could increase the risk of visceral leishmaniasis events. The outbreaks investigated might have been related to low relative humidity and high temperatures. Our findings will support the rationale for visceral leishmaniasis control in China.

scholarly journals The Epidemiological Characteristics of Pulmonary Tuberculosis — Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, 2011–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (26) ◽  
pp. 557-561
Author(s):  
Diermulati Tusun ◽  
◽  
Maiweilanjiang Abulimiti ◽  
Xirizhati Mamuti ◽  
Zhenjiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Kashgar Prefecture

scholarly journals Visceral leishmaniasis in northwest China from 2004 to 2018: a spatio-temporal analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Canjun Zheng ◽  
Liping Wang ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Xiao-Nong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Western China ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract Background Although visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a disease caused by parasites, is controlled in most provinces in China, it is still a serious public health problem and remains fundamentally uncontrolled in some northwest provinces and autonomous regions. The objective of this study is to explore the spatial and temporal characteristics of VL in Sichuan Province, Gansu Province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China from 2004 to 2018 and to identify the risk areas for VL transmission. Methods Spatiotemporal models were applied to explore the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of VL and the association between VL and meteorological factors in western China from 2004 to 2018. Geographic information of patients from the National Diseases Reporting Information System operated by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention was defined according to the address code from the surveillance data. Results During our study period, nearly 90% of cases occurred in some counties in three western regions (Sichuan Province, Gansu Province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region), and a significant spatial clustering pattern was observed. With our spatiotemporal model, the transmission risk, autoregressive risk and epidemic risk of these counties during our study period were also well predicted. The number of VL cases in three regions of western China concentrated on a few of counties. VL in Kashi Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is still serious prevalent, and integrated control measures must be taken in different endemic areas. Conclusions The number of VL cases in three regions of western China concentrated on a few of counties. VL in Kashi Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is still serious prevalent, and integrated control measures must be taken in different endemic areas. Our findings will strengthen the VL control programme in China.

scholarly journals Risk mapping of scrub typhus infections in Qingdao city, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. e0008757
Author(s):  
Hualei Xin ◽  
Peng Fu ◽  
Junling Sun ◽  
Shengjie Lai ◽  
Wenbiao Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Boosted Regression Tree ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Qingdao City ◽  
Favourable Environment

Background The emergence and re-emergence of scrub typhus has been reported in the past decade in many global regions. In this study, we aim to identify potential scrub typhus infection risk zones with high spatial resolution in Qingdao city, in which scrub typhus is endemic, to guide local prevention and control strategies. Methodology/Principal findings Scrub typhus cases in Qingdao city during 2006–2018 were retrieved from the Chinese National Infectious Diseases Reporting System. We divided Qingdao city into 1,101 gridded squares and classified them into two categories: areas with and without recorded scrub typhus cases. A boosted regression tree model was used to explore environmental and socioeconomic covariates associated with scrub typhus occurrence and predict the risk of scrub typhus infection across the whole area of Qingdao city. A total of 989 scrub typhus cases were reported in Qingdao from 2006–2018, with most cases located in rural and suburban areas. The predicted risk map generated by the boosted regression tree models indicated that the highest infection risk areas were mainly concentrated in the mid-east and northeast regions of Qingdao, with gross domestic product (20.9%±1.8% standard error) and annual cumulative precipitation (20.3%±1.1%) contributing the most to the variation in the models. By using a threshold environmental suitability value of 0.26, we identified 757 squares (68.7% of the total) with a favourable environment for scrub typhus infection; 66.2% (501/757) of the squares had not yet recorded cases. It is estimated that 6.32 million people (72.5% of the total population) reside in areas with a high risk of scrub typhus infection. Conclusions/Significance Many locations in Qingdao city with no recorded scrub typhus cases were identified as being at risk for scrub typhus occurrence. In these at-risk areas, awareness and capacity for case diagnosis and treatment should be enhanced in the local medical service institutes.

Spatiotemporal Patterns and Risk Factors for Scrub Typhus From 2007 to 2017 in Southern China

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1205-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Canjun Zheng ◽  
Dong Jiang ◽  
Fangyu Ding ◽  
Jingying Fu ◽  
Mengmeng Hao
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Spatiotemporal Patterns ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Environmental Niche ◽  
Boosted Regression Tree ◽  
Risk Zones

Abstract Background Substantial outbreaks of scrub typhus, coupled with the discovery of this vector-borne disease in new areas, suggest that the disease remains remarkably neglected. The objectives of this study were to map the contemporary and potential transmission risk zones of the disease and to provide novel insights into the health burden imposed by scrub typhus in southern China. Methods Based on the assembled data sets of annual scrub typhus cases and maps of environmental and socioeconomic correlates, a boosted regression tree modeling procedure was used to identify the environmental niche of scrub typhus and to predict the potential infection zones of the disease. Additionally, we estimated the population living in the potential scrub typhus infection areas in southern China. Results Spatiotemporal patterns of the annual scrub typhus cases in southern China between 2007 and 2017 reveal a tremendous, wide spread of scrub typhus. Temperature, relative humidity, elevation, and the normalized difference vegetation index are the main factors that influence the spread of scrub typhus. In southern China, the predicted highest transmission risk areas of scrub typhus are mainly concentrated in several regions, such as Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, and Fujian. We estimated that 162 684 million people inhabit the potential infection risk zones in southern China. Conclusions Our results provide a better understanding of the environmental and socioeconomic factors driving scrub typhus spread, and estimate the potential infection risk zones beyond the disease’s current, limited geographical extent, which enhances our capacity to target biosurveillance and help public health authorities develop disease control strategies.

A review of two Trachycarabus species of the genus Carabus known from Xinjiang, China (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Carabini)

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-153
Author(s):  
I.I. Kabak ◽  
H.-Y. Hu
Keyword(s):  
River Valley ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region ◽  
Altay Mountains ◽  
New Synonym

The paper deals with the taxonomy of two species of the subgenus Trachycarabus Géhin, 1876 of the genus Carabus Linnaeus, 1758, occurring in the Altay Mountains in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China: C. (T.) mandibularis Fischer von Waldheim, 1828 and C. (T.) sibiricus Fischer von Waldheim, 1820. A new subspecies, C. (T.) mandibularis abakkereiorum subsp. nov. is described from the Kran River Valley near Altay City. A new synonym is proposed: C. (T.) sibiricus obliteratus Fischer von Waldheim, 1828 = C. (T.) s. pseudobliteratus Korell et Kleinfeld, 1982, syn. nov. A key to the Trachycarabus species currently known from Xinjiang is given.

The excavation of a Buddhist temple complex of the Qocho Uyghur kingdom in the middle of the west zone of the Tuyoq caves in Shanshan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-112
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region ◽  
Buddhist Temple ◽  
Temple Complex ◽  
The Buddha ◽  
And Storage

AbstractIn 2016, remains of a ground-level Buddhist temple complex were found in the middle of the west zone of the Tuyoq caves in Shanshan (Piqan) County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. This Buddhist temple complex consisted of the Buddha hall, dorms for monks, and storage facilities. In the Buddha hall, many murals of bodhisattvas, devas, and donors were found, and artifacts such as household utensils made of clay, wooden architectural components, textiles, and manuscript fragments were unearthed. The date of this Buddhist temple complex was the Qocho Uyghurs kingdom from the latter half of the tenth century to the latter half of the fourteenth century; the excavation is very important for understanding the distribution of the construction centers and the iconographical composition of the Buddhist cave temples and monasteries in the Qocho Uyghurs kingdom period.

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