scholarly journals Associations between Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) and trachoma clustering at aggregate spatial scales, Amhara, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Forest M. Altherr ◽  
Andrew W. Nute ◽  
Mulat Zerihun ◽  
Eshetu Sata ◽  
Aisha E. P. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Weighted Estimates ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene

Abstract Background Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness globally. The WHO has recommended the SAFE (Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness and Environmental improvements) strategy to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem. The F and E arms of the strategy will likely be important for sustained disease reductions, yet more evidence is needed detailing relationships between hygiene, sanitation and trachoma in areas with differing endemicity. This study addressed whether the regional differences in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) variables were associated with the spatial distribution of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) among children aged 1 to 9 years in the Amhara National Regional State of Ethiopia. Methods Data from 152 multi-stage cluster random trachoma surveys were used to understand the degree of clustering of trachoma on two spatial scales (district and village) in Amhara using a geographical information system and the Getis-Ord Gi* (d) statistic for local clustering. Trained and certified graders examined children for the clinical signs of trachoma using the WHO simplified system. Socio-demographic, community, and geoclimatic factors thought to promote the clustering of the disease were included as covariates in a logistic regression model. Results The mean district prevalence of TF among children aged 1 to 9 years in Amhara was 25.1% (standard deviation = 16.2%). The spatial distribution of TF was found to exhibit global spatial dependency with neighboring evaluation units at both district and village level. Specific clusters of high TF were identified at both the district and the village scale of analysis using weighted estimates of the prevalence of the disease. Increased prevalence of children without nasal and ocular discharge as well as increased prevalence of households with access to a water source within 30 minutes were statistically significantly negatively associated with clusters of high TF prevalence. Conclusions Water access and facial cleanliness were important factors in the clustering of trachoma within this hyperendemic region. Intensified promotion of structural and behavioral interventions to increase WASH coverage may be necessary to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem in Amhara and perhaps other hyper-endemic settings.

scholarly journals Infectious Diarrhea, a Public Health Problem in Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Deac Monica
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Diarrheal Diseases ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Diarrheal Illness

Infec­tious etiology in acute diarrhea, referred several gastrointestinal diseases, Most are gastroenteri­tis associated with clinical signs and symptoms including: nausea, vomiting, abdomi­nal pain and cramps, bloating, flatulence, fever, passage of bloody stools, tenesmus, and fecal ur­gency disorders. Diarrheal illness is a large worldwide public health problem, with substantial regional variation, in the prevalence of medical signs by being caused by specific pathogens. Infectious diarrheal diseases, are the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and can cause real public health concerns. Such diarrhea was studied as a medical disorder, in a 3 years period, 2017 to 2020, in Transylvania a large region in Romania. It was found there, 3577 number of diarrheal diseases cases, appeared almost during July to August. The case incidence for the disease arrived at 65%, in the entire summer season. The cases data were transmitted by 12 district Sanitary Polices, to the Public Health Center Cluj. Cases were almost diagnosed by the family doctors of the region, in more then 50%. Few of this have need some days of hospitalization, because of several disease disorders, in which case it was used a specific adequate fluid and electrolyte replacement as key of the treatment, for managing diarrheal illnesses. Even so, 3 children under 5 years age died, because of severe complications. It was remarked so, organic failed who was estimate to be the cause of their deaths. Clinical and epidemiological evaluations were done and even defined the severity and type of this mentioned illnesses. The detected infectious etiology for the acute diarrheas, where determined in authorized Microbiology laboratories, where were identified: Shigella spp, Salmonella spp, Campylobacter spp, Yersinia spp, Rotavirus, Giardia. Most number of cases appeared in children, being suggestive in 63%, followed by elderly or adult people in 17% each. Acute diarrheal illness had to be considered a major public health issue, against which some determined control efforts are needed. Public health surveillance of infectious acute diarrhea, includes obligatory done strategies for a correct infection control.

scholarly journals Infectious Diarrhea, a Public Health Problem in Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Deac Liana Monica
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Diarrheal Diseases ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Diarrheal Illness

Infec­tious etiology in acute diarrhea, referred several gastrointestinal diseases, Most are gastroenteri­tis associated with clinical signs and symptoms including: nausea, vomiting, abdomi­nal pain and cramps, bloating, flatulence, fever, passage of bloody stools, tenesmus, and fecal ur­gency disorders. Diarrheal illness is a large worldwide public health problem, with substantial regional variation, in the prevalence of medical signs by being caused by specific pathogens. Infectious diarrheal diseases, are the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and can cause real public health concerns. Such diarrhea was studied as a medical disorder, in a 3 years period, 2017 to 2020, in Transylvania a large region in Romania. It was found there, 3577 number of diarrheal diseases cases, appeared almost during July to August. The case incidence for the disease arrived at 65%, in the entire summer season. The cases data were transmitted by 12 district Sanitary Polices, to the Public Health Center Cluj. Cases were almost diagnosed by the family doctors of the region, in more then 50%. Few of this have need some days of hospitalization, because of several disease disorders, in which case it was used a specific adequate fluid and electrolyte replacement as key of the treatment, for managing diarrheal illnesses. Even so, 3 children under 5 years age died, because of severe complications. It was remarked so, organic failed who was estimate to be the cause of their deaths. Clinical and epidemiological evaluations were done and even defined the severity and type of this mentioned illnesses. The detected infectious etiology for the acute diarrheas, where determined in authorized Microbiology laboratories, where were identified: Shigella spp, Salmonella spp, Campylobacter spp, Yersinia spp, Rotavirus, Giardia. Most number of cases appeared in children, being suggestive in 63%, followed by elderly or adult people in 17% each. Acute diarrheal illness had to be considered a major public health issue, against which some determined control efforts are needed. Public health surveillance of infectious acute diarrhea, includes obligatory done strategies for a correct infection control.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal distribution and associated factors of anaemia among children aged 6–59 months in Ethiopia: a spatial and multilevel analysis based on the EDHS 2005–2016

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e045544
Author(s):  
Samuel Hailegebreal ◽  
Araya Mesfin Nigatu ◽  
Zeleke Abebaw Mekonnen ◽  
Berhanu Fikadie Endehabtu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Spatio Temporal

ObjectivesAnaemia is a global public health problem with major health and socioeconomic consequences. Though childhood anaemia is a major public health problem in Ethiopia, there is limited evidence on the spatio-temporal variability of childhood anaemia over time in the country. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the spatio-temporal distribution and associated factors of childhood anaemia using the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data from 2005 to 2016.DesignSurvey-based cross-sectional study design was employed for the EDHS.SettingData were collected in all nine regions and two city administrations of Ethiopia in 2005, 2011 and 2016.ParticipantsThe source population for this study was all children in Ethiopia aged 6–59 months. A total of 21 302 children aged 6–59 months were included in this study.Outcome measureThe outcome variable was child anaemia status.ResultsThe prevalence of anaemia declined from 53.9% in 2005 to 44.6% in 2011, but it showed an increase in 2016 to 57.6%. The spatial analysis revealed that the spatial distribution of anaemia varied across the regions. The spatial scan statistics analysis indicated a total of 22 clusters (relative risk (RR)=1.5, p<0.01) in 2005, 180 clusters (RR=1.4, p<0.01) in 2011 and 219 clusters (RR=1.4, p<0. 0.01) in 2016, significant primary clusters were identified. The child’s age, mother’s age, maternal anaemia status, wealth index, birth order, fever, stunting, wasting status and region were significant predictors of childhood anaemia.ConclusionsIn this study, childhood anaemia remains a public health problem. The spatial distribution of childhood anaemia varied significantly across the country. Individual-level and community-level factors were associated with childhood anaemia. Therefore, in regions with a high risk of childhood anaemia, individual-level and community-level factors should be intensified by allocating additional resources and providing appropriate and tailored strategies.

ENTOMOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN MOULAY YAACOUB, LEISHMANIASIS FOCUS IN THE CENTR OF MOROCCO

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelhakim El Ouali Lalami
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Eastern Province ◽  
North Central ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Cutaneous Form

Objective: In Morocco leishmaniasis represent entities of great clinical and epidemiological diversity and thus constitute a public health problem. The area of Moulay Yaâcoub, North central of Morocco. This study was conducted in all localities of the province of Moulay Yaâcoub to understand the epidemiology and spatial distribution of sandflies in this region. Nine among eleven localities of the province of Moulay Yaâcoub have never been studied and the phlebotomy fauna of the region remains unknown until now. Methods: Trapping was done using sticky traps once a month during the period of activity of sandfly from April to October. Results: A total of 3287 specimens of sandflies were collected. 8 species belonging to two genera Phlebotomus (94.3%) and Sergentomyia (5.7%). The study of sex ratio showed an advantage of males to females for all species. However, for the species S. falax, S. antennata, S. minuta we have not collected females. The highest sex ratio was determined for Ph. Perniciosus and lowest among S. dreyfussi. The results show a difference in the distribution of species between different localities. Conclusion: it was possible to distinguish two major entities; a dominant sub-genre Phlebotomus and Paraphlébotomus, responsible for the cutaneous form in the center and northwest of the province, and a sub-genre dominated Larroussius entity responsible for the visceral form the northeast of the province with a small entity in the south-eastern province. The results of this study will help undoubtedly health authorities to establish appropriate monitoring and anti-vectorial control measures.

Kindesmisshandlung und deren Langzeitfolgen – Analyse einer repräsentativen deutschen Stichprobe

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Witt ◽  
Rebecca Brown ◽  
Paul L. Plener ◽  
Elmar Brähler ◽  
Jörg M. Fegert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Nachhaltige Entwicklung

Zusammenfassung. Kindesmisshandlung stellt einen bedeutenden Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung dar. Einzelne Formen von Kindesmisshandlung treten häufig nicht isoliert auf, sondern das gemeinsame Auftreten verschiedener Formen von Kindesmisshandlung stellt eher die Regel als die Ausnahme dar. Neben den langfristigen und vielfältigen individuellen Folgen führt Kindesmisshandlung jährlich zu einer hohen gesamtgesellschaftlichen Belastung. Die WHO hat Kindesmisshandlung als großes Public Health Problem identifiziert und die Vereinten Nationen haben den Kampf gegen Kindesmisshandlung zum Ziel in ihrer Agenda für nachhaltige Entwicklung gemacht. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Häufigkeit sowie das gemeinsame Auftreten unterschiedlicher Formen von Kindesmisshandlung sowie deren Assoziation mit psychischen und somatischen Folgen auf Basis einer bevölkerungsrepräsentativen Stichprobe untersucht und dargestellt. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen den Zusammenhang zwischen der Kumulation verschiedener Formen von Misshandlung und negativen Folgen für die Betroffenen. So ist das Risiko für negative Konsequenzen beim Erleben von vier oder mehr Formen von Misshandlung um das bis zu 10-fache erhöht. Viel zu selten werden die kumulativen Effekte von mehreren Belastungen berücksichtigt. Gerade weil die Wirkweisen über die Misshandlung, die Gesundheit beeinflusst, zunehmend gut untersucht sind, muss dieses Wissen im Gesundheitswesen stärker bei der Konzeption von Präventions- und Interventionsmaßnahmen berücksichtigt werden.

PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM IN THE HISTORY OF RUSSIAN SOCIOLOGY

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
I.E. Levchenko ◽  
◽  
A.Y. Kuznetsov ◽  
E.G. Korniltseva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
History Of

Difusi dan Pola Spasial Sebaran Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) Di Kota Bandar Lampung

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Nurul Qamila ◽  
Agel Vidian Krama
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Descriptive Method

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a contagious disease caused by the dengue virus and is transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti (Aa.aegypti). The population is still a public health problem that increases the number of sufferers and also widespread, with population and education. This study aims to reveal the spatial pattern and distribution of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) with the spatial pattern and the spread of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) can result in different locations of these allegations. From the map that can be used for the prevention of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DBD) in Bandar Lampung City. This study aims to reveal the spatial pattern and distribution of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) with the descriptive method and spatial pattern of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) can result in different locations of these allegations. From the map that can be used for the prevention of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DBD) in Bandar Lampung City. Keywords: DHF, Spatial Analysis

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document