Rapid on-site diagnosis of canine giardiosis: time versus performance

Abstract Background Infections by protozoans of the genus Giardia are a common cause of diarrhea in dogs. Canine giardiosis constitutes a disease with a zoonotic potential; however, it is often underestimated due to its challenging diagnosis. The objective of the study was to assess the diagnostic performance of an immunochromatographic strip test (SpeedTMGiardia, Virbac, France) comparing it with microscopy (zinc sulfate flotation) by utilizing the combination of an enzyme immunoassay (ProSpecTTMGiardia EZ Microplate Assay, Oxoid Ltd., UK) and the PCR as the gold standard. A positive result in both ELISA and PCR was set as the gold standard. Methods Initially, fecal samples from dogs with clinical signs compatible with giardiosis were tested with the SpeedTMGiardia test and separated into two groups of 50 samples each: group A (positive) and group B (negative). Thereafter, all samples were examined by zinc sulfate centrifugal flotation technique and assayed by the ProSpecTTMGiardia Microplate Assay and PCR. The performance of the SpeedTMGiardia and zinc sulfate centrifugal flotation tests were calculated estimating sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratio; the chi-square and McNemar tests were used for the comparison of the two methods. Results Giardia cysts were not detected by microscopy in 16 out of the 50 samples (32%) of group A and in none of group B samples. Eight out of 50 samples in group B (16%) were tested positive both with the ProSpecTTMGiardia Microplate Assay and PCR. Fecal examination with the SpeedTMGiardia test was more sensitive (86.2%) than the parasitological method (58.6%, P < 0.001) while the specificity of both methods was 100%. Conclusions The SpeedTMGiardia test is an easy-to-perform diagnostic method for the detection of Giardia spp., which can increase laboratory efficiency by reducing time and cost and decrease underdiagnosis of Giardia spp. infections. This immunochromatographic strip test may be routinely exploited when a rapid and reliable diagnosis is required, other diagnostic techniques are unavailable and microscopy expertise is inefficient. In negative dogs with compatible clinical signs of giardiosis, it is recommended either to repeat the exam or proceed with further ELISA and PCR testing.

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Survival of classic swine fever virus in hams made from the meat of pigs vaccinated with the PAV-250 strain and unvaccinated pigs

Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias ◽

10.22319/rmcp.v10i3.4528 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 536-551

Author(s):

Heidi Amezcua Hempel ◽

María Salud Rubio Lozano ◽

Eliseo Manuel Hernández Baumgarten ◽

Pablo Correa Girón † ◽

Oscar Torres Ángeles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reference Strain ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Classical Swine Fever ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Direct Immunofluorescence ◽

Biometric Analysis ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Group D

The study was to determine the presence of Classical Swine Fever virus (CSFv), in the meat of vaccinated pigs with the PAV-250 strain and then challenged using the same strain. Five treatment groups were established (each with four pigs). Group A: Pigs thatwere fed with processed hams from negative animals; Group B: Pigs that were fed with processed hams from commercial pigs inoculated with the ALD (reference strain) (titre of 104.0/ml); Group C: Pigs fed with processed hams from pigs infected with the virulent ALD strain (titre of 102.5/ml); Group D: Pigs fed with processed hams from pigs vaccinated with the PAV-250 strain and challenged with the ALD strain (titre of 101.1/ml); and Group E: Pigs fed with processed hams from pigs vaccinated with two doses of the PAV-250 strain and challenged with the ALD strain (negative). Blood samples were taken at d 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 for biometric analysis. Groups B, C and D manifested clinical signs of CSFv: 40 °C temperature, anorexia, paralysis, vomiting, diarrhea, tremor, hirsute hair and cyanosis. Pigs were slaughtered and necropsies performed to identify lesions in tissues. Results of direct immunofluorescence testing of tissues were positive and the virus was recovered. Under these study conditions, it was found that CSFv resisted the cooking method at 68 °C for 40 min in hams from unvaccinated pigs, and that the virus was able to transmit the disease to healthy unvaccinated pigs, whereas the hams from the vaccinated animals did not transmit the virus.

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Stability of control materials for α-thalassemia immunochromatographic strip test

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) ◽

10.1515/cclm-2020-1580 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Paweena Yanpanya ◽

Chedtapak Ruengdit ◽

Panida Pongpunyayuen ◽

Sakorn Pornprasert

Keyword(s):

Immunochromatographic Strip ◽

Immunochromatographic Strip Test ◽

Strip Test

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Comparison of Three Rapid Commercial Canine Parvovirus Antigen Detection Tests with Electron Microscopy and Polymerase Chain Reaction

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/104063870902100306 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 344-345 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Silke Schmitz ◽

Christina Coenen ◽

König Matthias ◽

Thiel Heinz-Jürgen ◽

Reto Neiger

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Chronic Diarrhea ◽

Gastrointestinal Disease ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Group A ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Group B

Different antibody-based tests for rapid detection of Canine parvovirus antigens in feces are commercially available, allowing quick diagnosis in a clinical setting. However, the diagnostic accuracy of these tests compared with standard methods has not been evaluated so far. In the current study, 3 commercial tests were compared with immune-electron microscopy (IEM) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Dogs were divided into 3 groups: group A, samples from dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea ( n = 50); group B, dogs with chronic diarrhea ( n = 10); and group C, dogs with no evidence of gastrointestinal disease ( n = 40). Specificity of all 3 commercial tests versus PCR and IEM was good to excellent (92.2–100%). Sensitivity, in contrast, was poor: 15.8–26.3% versus PCR and 50–60% versus IEM. In group A, 10 dogs were positive by IEM and 24 dogs were positive by PCR. Positive PCR results were also obtained from animals in control groups (group B, 1 dog; group C, 5 dogs). No dog in group B or C was positive by IEM. In conclusion, the rapid tests are useful to diagnose canine parvoviral enteritis, but they do not rule out parvovirus infection in an animal with typical clinical signs. In addition, a small percentage of healthy dogs and dogs with chronic diarrhea showed positive PCR results; this may be due to asymptomatic/persistent infection or intestinal passage of virus. The significance of this finding remains unclear.

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Immunochromatographic Strip Test for Rapid Detection of Nevirapine in Plasma Samples from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00445-07 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 51 (9) ◽

pp. 3361-3363 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tim R. Cressey ◽

Sawitree Nangola ◽

Yardpiroon Tawon ◽

Mookda Pattarawarapan ◽

Marc Lallemant ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Drug Level ◽

Plasma Samples ◽

Immunochromatographic Strip ◽

Resource Limited ◽

Qualitative Detection ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Immunochromatographic Strip Test ◽

Strip Test

ABSTRACT We report a novel one-step immunochromatographic strip test for the rapid, qualitative detection of nevirapine in plasma samples from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. The sensitivity was 100% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 97.8 to 100%), and the specificity was 99.5% (95% CI, 97.2 to 99.9%). The limit of detection was 25 ng/ml. Immunochromatographic strip tests are simple, rapid, and cheap assays that could greatly facilitate drug level monitoring in resource-limited settings.

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Development of a rapid, immunochromatographic strip test for serum asialo α1-acid glycoprotein in patients with hepatic disease

Journal of Immunological Methods ◽

10.1016/j.jim.2005.10.010 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 308 (1-2) ◽

pp. 116-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Eun Young Lee ◽

Ji Hyun Kang ◽

Kyoung A. Kim ◽

Tai Wha Chung ◽

Hee Jung Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatic Disease ◽

Immunochromatographic Strip ◽

Acid Glycoprotein ◽

Immunochromatographic Strip Test ◽

Strip Test

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Histopathologic lesions in conventional pigs experimentally infected with Haemophilus parasuis serovar 5

Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G Großtiere / Nutztiere ◽

10.15653/tpg-140905 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (02) ◽

pp. 91-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R.-L. Austin-Busse ◽

A. Ladinig ◽

G. Balka ◽

S. Zoels ◽

M. Ritzmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Signs ◽

Control Group ◽

Post Inoculation ◽

Haemophilus Parasuis ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Group A ◽

Pathologic Lesions ◽

Group B ◽

Kidney Lesions ◽

Challenge Group

Summary Objective: In the present study various tissues of pigs were investigated for the presence of histopathologic lesions after an experimental infection with Haemophilus (H.) parasuis serovar 5. Material and methods: Conventional pigs (n = 36) were divided into a control group B (n = 9) and a challenge group A (n = 27), which was infected intratracheally. Pigs that did not die prior to study termination were euthanized on day 14 post inoculation. Postmortem samples of the lung, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, left tarsal joint capsule and brain were collected. Results: All but one pig with detectable histopathologic lesions (n = 11) showed typical macroscopic changes. Histopatho logic examination of all tissue samples identified pyelitis (n = 10), synovitis (n = 7) and meningitis (n = 7) and all those animals were euthanized prior to study termination. No histopathologic lesions were found in pigs of the control group. The correlations between pyelitis and meningitis, pyelitis and synovitis and synovitis and meningitis were significant (p < 0.001). No significant correlation could be observed between the histopathologic and the clinical examination of the joints. The investigation of samples from the joints by PCR was not significantly correlated with the observed synovitis. The clinical observation of neurologic signs was significantly correlated with meningitis (p = 0.03). A significant correlation (p < 0.001) could be detected between meningitis and the detection of H. parasuis by PCR in brain samples. Conclusions: H. parasuis constantly causes clinical signs and pathologic lesions as soon as it infects the brain while it can infect the joints without causing histopathologic lesions. Pigs with histopathologic lesions do not always show typical clinical signs. Only few studies described the finding of kidney lesions in pigs with Glässer’s disease and this is the first study to describe a pyelitis in pigs experimentally infected with H. parasuis. The observed pyelitis mainly occurred in acute cases.

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The efficacy of paclitaxel drug-eluting balloon angioplasty versus standard balloon angioplasty in stenosis of native hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2047 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

P Cisneros Clavijo ◽

M Donato ◽

J Ajila ◽

K Garzon ◽

F Escobar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vascular Access ◽

Balloon Angioplasty ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Target Lesion ◽

High Rate ◽

Central Type ◽

Group A ◽

Drug Eluting ◽

Drug Eluting Balloon ◽

Group B

Abstract Background End stage renal disease is on increasing trend and haemodialysis is the main dialysis modality among these patients. Thus, a functioning dialysis vascular access is critical to the delivery of life-saving haemodialysis treatment to these patients. Conventional angioplasty is the first line of treatment; with a 50% of permeability rate (6 months). For this reason, new alternatives are necessary to maintain the access permeability.Hypothesis: Paclitaxel coated balloon is superior to conventional plain balloon angioplasty with decreased re-stenosis of target lesion, improved access circuit and target lesion patency, and decreased number of interventions needed to maintain patency. Methods A total of 39 patients were randomized to receive a paclitaxel-coated balloon (n=15) or plain angioplasty balloon (n=24) after satisfactory angioplasty with a high-pressure balloon. The inclusion criteria were clinical signs of vascular dysfunction confirmed by Doppler Ultrasound and/or angiography. The primary endpoint was target lesion patency defined as time elapsed between the completion of effective and the appearance of restenosis at 3, 6 and 12 months after angioplasty. Secondary endpoints included the relationship between the location of the stenosis, previous angioplasty, demographic variables and survival. Results We recruited 39 patients with dysfunctional vascular accesses; 24 were assigned to the conventional balloon angioplasty group and 15 drug-eluting balloon angioplasty (paclitaxel). With demographic characteristics in Table I. In group A, all were autologous acces. Group B 16% (4) of the accesses were prosthetic and 84% (20) autologous. In relation to the type and length of stenosis, group A was more frequent at the level and longer, whereas in group B it predominated in the central type and less than 20 mm.In our study, we also observed a high rate of total occlusions, frequently in central vessels in group B, while in group A, where peripheral vessels were predominant, total occlusion was less frequent. Table II. We had no complications in either group, and dialysis was immediate at the end of the procedure. Group A did not present restenosis. Table III. Table III shows DEB group (15p) with 100% of permeability according to follow-up and only one (1/15) of patients died due to myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident and this patient kept lasted 9 months without restenosis In Table IV. Group B had 2 (8%) patients with restenosis so it was necessary to reoperate using a drug eluting balloon and until now there is no restenosis. From this group we do not have mortality. One patient 1 (24%) had a recovered infarction. Conclusions Paclitaxel-coated balloon angioplasty resulted in superior survival of dysfunctional peripheral vascular access at 12 meses. Both arms show equivalent complications and similar mortality FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Enrique Garcés Hospital

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