scholarly journals Deworming women of reproductive age during adolescence and pregnancy: what is the impact on morbidity from soil-transmitted helminths infection?

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Vegvari ◽  
Federica Giardina ◽  
Sumali Bajaj ◽  
Veronica Malizia ◽  
Robert J. Hardwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are a major cause of poor health in low- and middle-income countries. In particular, hookworm is known to cause anaemia in children and women of reproductive age (WRA). One goal of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) 2030 roadmap for neglected tropical diseases is to reduce STH-related morbidity in WRA. As a minimal intervention, the WHO recommends deworming adolescent girls annually during human papilloma virus vaccination programmes and WRA during pregnancy and lactation. These routine interventions are low cost and can be implemented even by the most basic health services in endemic countries. In this study we use a cohort model to investigate the potential impact on STH-related morbidity in WRA. Results Annual deworming treatment of adolescent girls reduces the prevalence of moderate- and heavy-intensity infections in this age group by up to 60% in moderate transmission settings and by 12–27% in high transmission settings. Treatment of WRA during pregnancy and lactation on its own has a small (< 20%) but significant effect on morbidity although it does not lead to the achievement of the morbidity target (< 2% moderate- to high-intensity infections) in this age group. However, depending on the age-intensity profile of infection, which may vary geographically, and assumptions on the density-dependence of egg production by fertilised female worms, continued school-based treatment may be able to reduce the force of infection acting on WRA, both through an indirect effect on the overall population-based force of infection and via reducing the burden of infection as children age and move into the WRA age classes. As a result, morbidity in WRA may be eliminated. Conclusion While deworming during pregnancy and lactation does not lead to the achievement of the morbidity target in WRA and its efficacy may vary by setting, it is still expected to be beneficial for maternity and child health. Monitoring of any WRA-based intervention is recommended to evaluate its effectiveness.

scholarly journals Deworming women of reproductive age during adolescence and pregnancy: what is the impact on morbidity from soil-transmitted helminths infection?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Vegvari ◽  
Federica Giardina ◽  
Sumali Bajaj ◽  
Veronica Malizia ◽  
Robert J. Hardwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are a major cause of poor health in low- and middle-income countries. In particular, hookworm is known to cause anaemia in children and women of reproductive age (WRA). One goal of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) 2030 roadmap for neglected tropical diseases is to reduce STH-related morbidity in WRA. As a minimal intervention the WHO recommends deworming adolescent girls annually during human papilloma virus vaccination programmes and women of reproductive age (WRA) during pregnancy and lactation. These routine interventions are low cost can be implemented even from the most basic health services in endemic countries. In this study we use a cohort model to investigate the potential impact on STH-related morbidity in WRA.Results: Annual deworming treatment of adolescent girls reduces the prevalence of moderate- and heavy-intensity infections in this age group by up to 60% in moderate transmission settings and by 12-27% in high-transmission settings. Treatment of WRA during pregnancy and lactation on its own has a small (<20%) but significant effect on morbidity although it does not lead to the achievement of the morbidity target (<2% moderate-to-high intensity infections) in this age group. However, depending on the age-intensity profile of infection, which may vary geographically, and assumptions on the density-dependence of egg production by fertilised female worms, continued school-based treatment may be able to reduce the force of infection acting on WRA, both through an indirect effect on the overall population based force of infection and via reducing the burden of infection as children age and move into the WRA age classes. As a result, morbidity in WRA may be eliminated.Conclusion: While deworming during pregnancy and lactation does not lead to the achievement of the morbidity target in WRA and its efficacy may vary by setting, it is still expected to be beneficial for maternity and child health. Monitoring of any WRA-based intervention is recommended to evaluate its effectiveness.

scholarly journals Deworming women of reproductive age during adolescence and pregnancy: what is the impact on morbidity from soil-transmitted helminths infection?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Vegvari ◽  
Federica Giardina ◽  
Sumali Bajaj ◽  
Veronica Malizia ◽  
Robert J. Hardwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are a major cause of poor health in low- and middle-income countries. In particular, hookworm is known to cause anaemia in children and women of reproductive age (WRA). One goal of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) 2030 roadmap for neglected tropical diseases is to reduce STH-related morbidity in WRA. As a minimal intervention the WHO recommends deworming adolescent girls annually during human papilloma virus vaccination programmes and women of reproductive age (WRA) during pregnancy and lactation. These routine interventions are low cost can be implemented even from the most basic health services in endemic countries. In this study we use a cohort model to investigate the potential impact on STH-related morbidity in WRA.Results: Annual deworming treatment of adolescent girls reduces the prevalence of M&HI infections in this age group by up to 60% in moderate transmission settings and by 12-27% in high-transmission settings. Treatment of WRA during pregnancy and lactation on its own has a small but significant effect on morbidity although it does not lead to the achievement of the morbidity target (<2% moderate-to-high intensity infections) in this age group. However, depending on the age-intensity profile of infection, which may vary geographically, and assumptions on the density-dependence of egg production by fertilised female worms, continued school-based treatment may be able to reduce the force of infection acting on WRA, both through an indirect effect on the overall population based force of infection and via reducing the burden of infection as children age and move into the WRA age classes. As a result, morbidity in WRA may be eliminated.Conclusion: While deworming during pregnancy and lactation does not lead to the achievement of the morbidity target in WRA and its efficacy may vary by setting, it is still expected to be beneficial for maternity and child health. Monitoring of any WRA-based intervention is recommended to evaluate its effectiveness.

scholarly journals Deworming Women of Reproductive Age During Adolescence and Pregnancy: What is the Impact on Morbidity From Soil-transmitted Helminths Infection?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Vegvari ◽  
Federica Giardina ◽  
Sumali Bajaj ◽  
Veronica Malizia ◽  
Robert J. Hardwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
School Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are a major cause of poor health in low- and middle-income countries. In particular, hookworm is known to cause anaemia in children and women of reproductive age (WRA). One goal of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) 2030 roadmap for neglected tropical diseases is to reduce STH-related morbidity in WRA. As a minimal intervention the WHO recommends deworming adolescent girls annually during human papilloma virus vaccination programmes and women of reproductive age (WRA) during pregnancy and lactation. These routine interventions are low cost can be implemented even from the most basic health services in endemic countries. In this study we use a cohort model to investigate the potential impact on STH-related morbidity in WRA.Results: We find that annual deworming of adolescent girls reduces morbidity in a similar way treatment programmes for pre-school-age and school-age children (pSAC and SAC). Treatment of WRA during pregnancy and lactation on its own has a small but significant effect on morbidity although it does not achieve the morbidity target (<2% moderate-to-high intensity infections) in this age group. However, depending on the age-intensity profile of infection, which may vary geographically, and assumptions on the density-dependence of egg production by fertilised female worms, continued school-based treatment may be able to reduce the force of infection acting on WRA, both through an indirect effect on the overall population based force of infection and via reducing the burden of infection as children age and move into the WRA age classes. As a result, morbidity in WRA may be eliminated.Conclusion: While deworming during pregnancy and lactation does not achieve the morbidity target in WRA and its efficacy may vary by setting, it is still expected to be beneficial for maternity and child health. Monitoring of any WRA-based intervention is recommended to evaluate its effectiveness.

scholarly journals Insights from quantitative analysis and mathematical modelling on the proposed WHO 2030 goals for soil-transmitted helminths

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
The Impact

Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are a group of parasitic worms that infect humans, causing a wide spectrum of disease, notably anaemia, growth retardation, and delayed cognitive development. The three main STHs are Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale). Approximately 1.5 billion people are infected with STHs worldwide. The World Health Organization goal for 2030 is morbidity control, defined as reaching <2% prevalence of medium-to-high intensity infections in preschool-age children and school-age children (SAC). Treatment guidelines for achieving this goal have been recommended. The Neglected Tropical Diseases Modelling Consortium has developed mathematical and statistical models to quantify, predict, and evaluate the impact of control measures on STHs. These models show that the morbidity target can be achieved following current guidelines in moderate prevalence settings (20-50% in SAC). In high prevalence settings, semi-annual preventive chemotherapy (PC) ideally including adults, or at least women of reproductive age, is required. For T. trichiura, dual therapy with albendazole and ivermectin is required. In general, stopping PC is not possible without infection resurgence, unless effective measures for improved access to water, hygiene, and sanitation have been implemented, or elimination of transmission has been achieved. Current diagnostic methods are based on egg counts in stool samples, but these are known to have poor sensitivity at low prevalence levels. A target threshold for novel, more sensitive diagnostics should be defined relative to currently preferred diagnostics (Kato-Katz). Our analyses identify the extent of systematic non-access to treatment and the individual patterns of compliance over multiple rounds of treatment as the biggest unknowns and the main impediment to reaching the target. Moreover, the link between morbidity and infection intensity has not been fully elucidated. By providing more insights on all the above, we aim to inform discussions on the goals and treatment guidelines for STHs.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Nutrition-Relevant National Policies in South Asia Reveals a Gap in Addressing the Essential Nutrition Actions Recommended by World Health Organization (WHO)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1728-1728
Author(s):  
Sumanta Neupane ◽  
Manita Jangid ◽  
Samuel Scott ◽  
Phuong Nguyen ◽  
Sunny Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
National Policies

Abstract Objectives The WHO recommends Essential Nutrition Actions (ENAs) throughout the life course to tackle malnutrition in all its forms. However, limited evidence exists on the availability of policies to support the implementation of ENAs in South Asia, a region with the highest burden of malnutrition globally. We conducted a policy analysis to assess the extent to which current policies address ENAs for adolescent girls, women, and children in South Asia. Methods We first identified the WHO ENAs targeting non-pregnant menstruating adolescent girls (1 ENA), non-pregnant women of reproductive age (2 ENAs), pregnant women (6 ENAs), postpartum women (2 ENAs), and children aged 0–5 years (25 ENAs). We then reviewed 40 health- and nutrition-relevant national policy and program documents, strategic plans, and guidelines for health workers from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Using these documents, we identified policies that address the ENAs. We report the number of recommended ENAs addressed by the policies for each population group. Results National nutrition policies exist in all eight countries. Six countries have multi-sector nutrition plans or strategy. These documents primarily guide provisions for nutrition actions in the region. Six countries have policies that address the ENA for non-pregnant menstruating adolescent girls. Only two countries have policies that address both ENAs for non-pregnant women of reproductive age. For pregnant women, three countries address four of six ENAs, but no countries address all six ENAs. Seven countries have policies that address both ENAs for postpartum women. Five countries have policies that address more than 20 of 25 ENAs for children aged 0–5 years. Conclusions Our policy analysis identifies substantial gaps in national policies related to the ENAs among South Asian countries and gaps are more pronounced for non-pregnant women of reproductive age and for pregnant women. Policy revisions, including updating policies, implementation and financing plans, will be needed to deliver the ENAs at scale and with quality to enable the South Asian region to tackle malnutrition in all its forms. Funding Sources Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation through DataDENT.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status of Settler and Indigenous Women of Reproductive Age Group in Khagrachari District, Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Monoarul Haque ◽  
Jesmin Akter ◽  
Kazi Rumana Ahmed ◽  
Hasina Akhter Chowdhury ◽  
Sharmin Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Aged Women ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Reproductive health is closely related with nutritional status of a country. Women are regarded as the nerve centers of the families and society, maternal nutrition and health is considered as the most important regulator of human fetal growth. Objective: This study was conducted with a view to assess the nutritional status of settler and indigenous women of reproductive age group (15--49 years) in Khagrachari district. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was done in the purposively selected Panchari thana of Khagrachari district in Bangladesh from 01 May to 31 August 2013. A total of 200 reproductive aged women were interviewed. Among them 100 were indigenous and 100 were settlers. Their anthropometric measurements were taken and nutritional status was determined by body mass index (BMI) recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) for Asian people. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 29.8 ± 11.1 years and maximum were in the age group of 15--24 years. Among the indigenous subjects Chakma, Marma, Tripura and Boisnu were 20.5%, 20.5%, 6.5% and 2.5% respectively. Among 100 indigenous reproductive aged women 17 were underweight; but among settlers 19 were underweight. Forty nine settler women were normal and in case of indigenous women 46 were normal. But regarding overweight indigenous women went ahead than settler women and obesity was found equal in both groups. Mean difference of mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) was significantly different (p<0.005) between the groups. Conclusion: This study provided a vivid picture of the nutritional status of the settler and indigenous reproductive aged women. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v4i2.19677 J Enam Med Col 2014; 4(2): 98-101

scholarly journals Common mental disorders among women of reproductive age group in an urban area in Bengaluru

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1768
Author(s):  
Ramya K. Sathyanarayana ◽  
Shashikala Manjunatha
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Common mental disorders are commonly encountered in community settings, especially in women. The somatic symptoms often lead to repeated visits to health care practitioners without resolution of the problem. The knowledge of magnitude of common mental disorders and their associated factors has proved useful in psychiatric epidemiological research.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out among 480 randomly selected women in the reproductive age group using self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20), a validated tool developed by World Health Organisation. A standard cut-off score of 7 was used to identify women with common mental disorder. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and suitable tests of significance in statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) v. 21.0.Results: The prevalence of common mental disorder was found to be 33.5% in the present study. Analysis showed that various socio-demographic characteristics of women like lower educational levels of women, widowed women, and women belonging to lower socio-economic class, belonging to joint family, lower body mass index had statistically significant association with common mental disorders.Conclusions: This study revealed that the prevalence of common mental disorders was high (33.5%) among the women of reproductive age group and there existed statistically significant association between common mental disorders and various socio demographic determinants.

scholarly journals Insights from quantitative analysis and mathematical modelling on the proposed WHO 2030 goals for soil-transmitted helminths

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1632
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
The Impact

Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are a group of parasitic worms that infect humans, causing a wide spectrum of disease, notably anaemia, growth retardation, and delayed cognitive development. The three main STHs are Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale). Approximately 1.5 billion people are infected with STHs worldwide. The World Health Organization goal for 2030 is morbidity control, defined as reaching <2% prevalence of medium-to-high intensity infections in preschool-age children and school-age children (SAC). Treatment guidelines for achieving this goal have been recommended. The Neglected Tropical Diseases Modelling Consortium has developed mathematical and statistical models to quantify, predict, and evaluate the impact of control measures on STHs. These models show that the morbidity target can be achieved following current guidelines in moderate prevalence settings (20-50% in SAC). In high prevalence settings, semi-annual preventive chemotherapy (PC) ideally including adults, or at least women of reproductive age, is required. For T. trichiura, dual therapy with albendazole and ivermectin is required. In general, stopping PC is not possible without infection resurgence, unless effective measures for improved access to water, hygiene, and sanitation have been implemented, or elimination of transmission has been achieved. Current diagnostic methods are based on egg counts in stool samples, but these are known to have poor sensitivity at low prevalence levels. A target threshold for novel, more sensitive diagnostics should be defined relative to currently preferred diagnostics (Kato-Katz). Our analyses identify the extent of systematic non-access to treatment and the individual patterns of compliance over multiple rounds of treatment as the biggest unknowns and the main impediment to reaching the target. Moreover, the link between morbidity and infection intensity has not been fully elucidated. By providing more insights on all the above, we aim to inform discussions on the goals and treatment guidelines for STHs.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Traditional Malpractice during Pregnancy, Child Birth, and Postnatal Period among Women of Childbearing Age in Meshenti Town, 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haileyesus Gedamu ◽  
Adane Tsegaw ◽  
Etsubdink Debebe
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Child Birth ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background. Cultural practices, beliefs, and taboos are often implicated in determining the care received by mothers during pregnancy and child birth which is an important determinant of maternal mortality. Objective. To assess prevalence of cultural malpractice during pregnancy, child birth, and postnatal period among women of childbearing age in Meshenti town, Amhara region, northwest Ethiopia, in 2016. Methods. Community based cross-sectional study was conducted among women of reproductive age group interviewed during the study period from May 10 to June 17, 2016. Total sample size was 318 women of reproductive age group. Systematic sampling technique was conducted. Result. Overall, 50.9% of the respondents had cultural malpractices during their pregnancy. Out of 318 women, 62 (19.5%) practiced nutrition taboo, 78 (24.5%) practiced abdominal massage, 87 (29.7%) delivered their babies at home, 96 (32.8%) avoided colostrums, 132 (45.2%) washed their baby before 24 hr after delivery, and 6 (6.9%) cut the cord by unclean blade. Conclusion and Recommendation. The findings of this study show that different traditional malpractice during perinatal period is still persisting in spite of modern developments in the world. Health education and promoting formal female education are important to decrease or avoid these cultural malpractices.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document