Incidence of injury and pain in referees in German national handball leagues: a cohort study

Abstract Background Handball referees play an important role during a handball match. Surprisingly, not much is known about their sports-related injuries and resulting pain, therefore the purpose of our study was to focus on injuries and sports-related pain in referees in German handball leagues. Methods During the 2018/19 national German handball season, referees of the German Federation of Handball (DHB) were contacted and asked to complete an injury and pain questionnaire on the penultimate matchday of the first and the second round of the season. Results Seventy referees participated in the study. One in three referees reported an injury during the last year and perceived some form of pain. Of those suffering from pain, 16.7% referees reported chronic pain disorders. During the season, 31.4% of referees incurred an injury and the majority of the 70 referees officiated despite pain (n = 43). Prospectively-enrolled data suggested an incidence of 11.6 (95% CI: 10.3 to 13.0) injuries per 1000 match hours, and 19.0 (95% CI: 16.8 to 21.3) sports-related pain events per 1000 match hours. The most common injuries were foot and knee injuries and a substantial number of the referees (n = 25) reported taking analgesics for the pain. Conclusion German handball referees are at risk of sports-related injuries with subsequent pain. Considering the injury profile, the incidence of sports-related pain events, and the high physiological demands of refereeing, it appears that prevention programs should be developed and integrated into the routine of the referee.

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Incidence of Injury and Pain in Referees in German National Handball Leagues: A Cross-sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-104629/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jens Heyn ◽

Johannes Fleckenstein

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Chronic Pain ◽

Knee Injuries ◽

Prevention Programs ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prospective Data ◽

Pain Questionnaire ◽

Psychological Demands

Abstract Background: Handball referees play an important role during a handball match. Surprisingly, not much is known about their sports-related injuries and resulting pain, therefore the purpose of our study was to focus on injuries and sports-related pain in referees in German handball leagues.Methods: During the 2018/19 national German handball season, referees of the German Federation of Handball were contacted and asked to complete an injury and pain questionnaire on the penultimate matchday of the first and the second round of the season.Results: 70 referees participated in the study. One in three referees reported an injury during the last year and perceived some form of pain. Of those suffering from pain, 16.7% referees reported chronic pain disorders. During the season, 31.4% of referees incurred an injury and the majority of the 70 referees officiated despite pain (n=43). Prospective data suggested an incidence of 11.6 (95% CI: 10.3 to 13.0) injuries per 1000 match hours, and 19.0 (95% CI: 16.8 to 21.3) sports-related pain events per 1000 match hours. The most common injuries were foot and knee injuries and a substantial number of the referees (n= 25) reported taking analgesics for the pain.Conclusion: German handball referees are at risk of sports-related injuries with subsequent pain. Considering the injury profile, the incidence of sports-related pain events, and the high physiological and psychological demands of refereeing, it appears that prevention programs should be developed and integrated into the routine of the referee.

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A meta-analysis of indicated mental health prevention programs for at-risk higher education students.

Journal of Counseling Psychology ◽

10.1037/cou0000190 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 121-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Colleen S. Conley ◽

Jenna B. Shapiro ◽

Alexandra C. Kirsch ◽

Joseph A. Durlak

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Higher Education ◽

At Risk ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Prevention Programs ◽

Health Prevention ◽

Education Students

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Spreading of chronic pain between body regions: prospective cohort study among health care workers.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.717952269.793457671 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Hong-You Ge

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Chronic Pain ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Health Care Workers ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Body Regions ◽

Care Workers

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A Symptom-Based Algorithm for Screening Preschool Children at Risk of Persistent Asthma Symptoms: The CHILD Cohort Study

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3716875 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ruixue Dai ◽

Myrtha E. Reyna ◽

Maxwell M. Tran ◽

Wendy Y. W. Lou ◽

Rachel E. Foong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Persistent Asthma ◽

Children At Risk ◽

Asthma Symptoms

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Medium-term health and social outcomes in adolescents following sexual assault: a prospective mixed-methods cohort study

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology ◽

10.1007/s00127-021-02127-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Venetia Clarke ◽

Andrea Goddard ◽

Kaye Wellings ◽

Raeena Hirve ◽

Marta Casanovas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

At Risk ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Mixed Methods ◽

Sexual Assault ◽

Young People ◽

Stress Disorders ◽

Social Outcomes ◽

Study Entry ◽

Medium Term

Abstract Purpose To describe medium-term physical and mental health and social outcomes following adolescent sexual assault, and examine users’ perceived needs and experiences. Method Longitudinal, mixed methods cohort study of adolescents aged 13–17 years recruited within 6 weeks of sexual assault (study entry) and followed to study end, 13–15 months post-assault. Results 75/141 participants were followed to study end (53% retention; 71 females) and 19 completed an in-depth qualitative interview. Despite many participants accessing support services, 54%, 59% and 72% remained at risk for depressive, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorders 13–15 months post-assault. Physical symptoms were reported more frequently. Persistent (> 30 days) absence from school doubled between study entry and end, from 22 to 47%. Enduring mental ill-health and disengagement from education/employment were associated with psychosocial risk factors rather than assault characteristics. Qualitative data suggested inter-relationships between mental ill-health, physical health problems and disengagement from school, and poor understanding from schools regarding how to support young people post-assault. Baseline levels of smoking, alcohol and ever drug use were high and increased during the study period (only significantly for alcohol use). Conclusion Adolescents presenting after sexual assault have high levels of vulnerability over a year post-assault. Many remain at risk for mental health disorders, highlighting the need for specialist intervention and ongoing support. A key concern for young people is disruption to their education. Multi-faceted support is needed to prevent social exclusion and further widening of health inequalities in this population, and to support young people in their immediate and long-term recovery.

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Early Moves: a protocol for a population-based prospective cohort study to establish general movements as an early biomarker of cognitive impairment in infants

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041695 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. e041695

Author(s):

Catherine Elliott ◽

Caroline Alexander ◽

Alison Salt ◽

Alicia J Spittle ◽

Roslyn N Boyd ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Research Ethics ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Ethics Committee ◽

Research Ethics Committee ◽

National Implementation ◽

General Movements

IntroductionThe current diagnostic pathways for cognitive impairment rarely identify babies at risk before 2 years of age. Very early detection and timely targeted intervention has potential to improve outcomes for these children and support them to reach their full life potential. Early Moves aims to identify early biomarkers, including general movements (GMs), for babies at risk of cognitive impairment, allowing early intervention within critical developmental windows to enable these children to have the best possible start to life.Method and analysisEarly Moves is a double-masked prospective cohort study that will recruit 3000 term and preterm babies from a secondary care setting. Early Moves will determine the diagnostic value of abnormal GMs (at writhing and fidgety age) for mild, moderate and severe cognitive delay at 2 years measured by the Bayley-4. Parents will use the Baby Moves smartphone application to video their babies’ GMs. Trained GMs assessors will be masked to any risk factors and assessors of the primary outcome will be masked to the GMs result. Automated scoring of GMs will be developed through applying machine-based learning to the data and the predictive value for an abnormal GM will be investigated. Screening algorithms for identification of children at risk of cognitive impairment, using the GM assessment (GMA), and routinely collected social and environmental profile data will be developed to allow more accurate prediction of cognitive outcome at 2 years. A cost evaluation for GMA implementation in preparation for national implementation will be undertaken including exploring the relationship between cognitive status and healthcare utilisation, medical costs, health-related quality of life and caregiver burden.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been granted by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of Joondalup Health Services and the Health Service Human Research Ethics Committee (1902) of Curtin University (HRE2019-0739).Trial registration numberACTRN12619001422112.

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