scholarly journals Effects of HIV-1 infection on malaria parasitemia in milo sub-location, western Kenya

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick Kipkoech Rutto ◽  
Joshua Nyagol ◽  
Julius Oyugi ◽  
Samson Ndege ◽  
Noel Onyango ◽  
...  
2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (S1) ◽  
pp. A280-A280
Author(s):  
Dismas C.O. Oketch ◽  
Eunice Kaguiri ◽  
Nereo Murgor ◽  
Cosmas Apaka ◽  
Paul Ayuo ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. A32.2-A32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clement Likhovole ◽  
Collins Ouma ◽  
John Vulule ◽  
Susan Musau ◽  
Jeremiah Khayumbi ◽  
...  

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDUARDO VILLAMOR ◽  
WILLY URASSA ◽  
SAID ABOUD ◽  
WAFAIE W. FAWZI ◽  
DAVID J. HUNTER ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Kamau ◽  
Adam Yates ◽  
Risper Maisiba ◽  
Valentine Singoei ◽  
Benjamin Opot ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Malaria and schistosomiasis present considerable disease burden in tropical and sub-tropical areas and severity is worsened by co-infections in areas where both diseases are endemic. Although pathogenesis of these infections separately is well studied, there is limited information on the pathogenic disease mechanisms and clinical disease outcomes in co-infections. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of malaria and schistosomiasis co-infections, and the hematologic and blood chemistry abnormalities in asymptomatic adults in a rural fishing community in western Kenya. Methods This sub-study used samples and data collected at enrollment from a prospective observational cohort study (RV393) conducted in Kisumu County, Kenya. The presence of malaria parasites was determined using microscopy and real-time-PCR, and schistosomiasis infection by urine antigen analysis (CCA). Hematological analysis and blood chemistries were performed using standard methods. Statistical analyses were performed to compare demographic and infection data distribution, and hematologic and blood chemistry parameters based on different groups of infection categories. Clinically relevant hematologic conditions were analyzed using general linear and multivariable Poisson regression models. Results From February 2017 to May 2018, we enrolled 671 participants. The prevalence of asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum was 28.2% (157/556) and schistosomiasis 41.2% (229/562), with 18.0% (100/556) of participants co-infected. When we analyzed hematological parameters using Wilcoxon rank sum test to evaluate median (IQR) distribution based on malarial parasites and/or schistosomiasis infection status, there were significant differences in platelet counts (p = 0.0002), percent neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils (p < 0.0001 each). Amongst clinically relevant hematological abnormalities, eosinophilia was the most prevalent at 20.6% (116/562), whereas thrombocytopenia was the least prevalent at 4.3% (24/562). In univariate model, Chi-Square test performed for independence between participant distribution in different malaria parasitemia/schistosomiasis infection categories within each clinical hematological condition revealed significant differences for thrombocytopenia and eosinophilia (p = 0.006 and p < 0.0001, respectively), which was confirmed in multivariable models. Analysis of the pairwise mean differences of liver enzyme (ALT) and kidney function (Creatinine Clearance) indicated the presence of significant differences in ALT across the infection groups (parasite + /CCA + vs all other groups p < .003), but no differences in mean Creatinine Clearance across the infection groups. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the high burden of asymptomatic malaria parasitemia and schistosomiasis infection in this rural population in Western Kenya. Asymptomatic infection with malaria or schistosomiasis was associated with laboratory abnormalities including neutropenia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. These abnormalities could be erroneously attributed to other diseases processes during evaluation of diseases processes. Therefore, evaluating for co-infections is key when assessing individuals with laboratory abnormalities. Additionally, asymptomatic infection needs to be considered in control and elimination programs given high prevalence documented here.


AIDS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (17) ◽  
pp. 2485-2496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami Kantor ◽  
Allison DeLong ◽  
Leeann Schreier ◽  
Marissa Reitsma ◽  
Emanuel Kemboi ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Deborah M. Stiffler ◽  
Janet Oyieko ◽  
Carolyne M. Kifude ◽  
David M. Rockabrand ◽  
Shirley Luckhart ◽  
...  

As morbidity and mortality due to malaria continue to decline, the identification of individuals with a high likelihood of transmitting malaria is needed to further reduce the prevalence of malaria. In areas of holoendemic malaria transmission, asymptomatically infected adults may be infected with transmissible gametocytes. The impact of HIV-1 on gametocyte carriage is unknown, but co-infection may lead to an increase in gametocytemia. In this study, a panel of qPCR assays was used to quantify gametocyte stage-specific transcripts present in dried blood spots obtained from asymptomatic adults seeking voluntary HIV testing in Kombewa, Kenya. A total of 1,116 Plasmodium-specific 18S-positive samples were tested and 20.5% of these individuals had detectable gametocyte-specific transcripts. Individuals also infected with HIV-1 were 1.82 times more likely to be gametocyte positive (P&lt;0.0001) and had significantly higher gametocyte copy numbers when compared to HIV-negative individuals. Additionally, HIV-1 positivity was associated with higher gametocyte prevalence in men and increased gametocyte carriage with age. Overall, these data suggest that HIV-positive individuals may have an increased risk of transmitting malaria parasites in regions with endemic malaria transmission and therefore should be at a higher priority for treatment with gametocidal antimalarial drugs.


AIDS ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1667-1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunfu Yang ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Robert D Newman ◽  
Ya-Ping Shi ◽  
John Ayisi ◽  
...  

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e53948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nnaemeka C. Iriemenam ◽  
Janardan P. Pandey ◽  
John Williamson ◽  
Anna J. Blackstock ◽  
Ajay Yesupriya ◽  
...  

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e0147436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clement Zeh ◽  
Seth C. Inzaule ◽  
Pascale Ondoa ◽  
Lillian G. Nafisa ◽  
Alex Kasembeli ◽  
...  

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