scholarly journals Resolution of enuresis with aripiprazole in children with psychiatric disorders: two case reports

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaria Nardello ◽  
Fulvio Guccione ◽  
Claudia Gliubizzi ◽  
Antonio Marino ◽  
Mariarita Capizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Partial Agonist ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Caucasian Girl ◽  
Early Onset Psychosis ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Aripiprazole is a third-generation atypical antipsychotic drug that acts as a stabilizer of the dopaminergic and serotonergic system. As partial agonist of the dopamine (D2) and serotonin (5-HT1A) receptors, it appears to be effective in reducing mania in patients with bipolar disorder, tics in Tourette Syndrome, aggression in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. Enuresis has been reported among its side effects. Only a few studies, with conflicting results, have investigated the relationship between aripiprazole and enuresis. Case presentation We report the disappearance of enuresis in a Caucasian girl with intellectual disability and oppositional defiant disorder and in a Caucasian boy with intellectual disability and early-onset psychosis, both following initiation of treatment with aripiprazole. Conclusion The aim of this study was to contribute to the literature on the use of aripripazole in subjects with enuresis. Our findings lead us to suggest that aripiprazole is less burdened with side effects, including bedwetting, than other antipsychotic drugs.

A Case Report of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes Arising After Isotretinoin Treatment: Real Association or Coincidence? A Hypothesis on Pathophysiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Bozkuş
Keyword(s):  
Hba1c Level ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Severe Acne ◽  
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is the most common form of adult-onset autoimmune diabetes. Isotretinoin is a very effective treatment for severe acne. There are various reports on the effect of isotretinoin on autoimmunity. We present a case of LADA, probably related to isotretinoin treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this case was the second case of LADA that occurred after isotretinoin treatment. In this study, we discuss a hypothesis on the pathophysiology of how isotretinoin can induce LADA. Case Presentation: A 55-year-old female was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) one month after the end of a nine-month isotretinoin treatment period. At the time of diagnosis, the patient’s fasting blood glucose level was 257 mg/dL, and HbA1c level was 10.3%. After that, she was followed up for T2DM for two years. Since the patient did not comply with classical T2DM characteristics and the C-peptide level was 0.4 ng/ml (0.78-5.18), an autoantibody test was performed. The patient was found positive for anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (>2000 IU/mL). Her oral antidiabetic drug treatment was discontinued, and insulin degludec and insulin aspart therapy were started. Three months after this adjustment HbA1c level decreased to 7.2%. Except for 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, which was low (10.9 ng/mL), all other laboratory parameters were within the normal range. Conclusion: Isotretinoin is known to have some immunomodulating effects. There are some case reports on the relationship between isotretinoin and autoimmune diseases. The negative immune environment that developed due to the long-standing moderate-severe VitD deficiency may have taken a turn toward autoimmunity upon isotretinoin treatment. This hypothesis on how isotretinoin can cause autoimmune diabetes needs to be validated.

scholarly journals Maternal vitamin D deficiency and the risk of autism spectrum disorders: population-based study

BJPsych Open ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Magnusson ◽  
Kyriaki Kosidou ◽  
Christina Dalman ◽  
Michael Lundberg ◽  
Brian K. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Maternal Vitamin ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundMaternal vitamin D deficiency may increase risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but direct evidence is lacking.AimsTo clarify the relationship between maternal vitamin D deficiency and offspring risk of ASD with and without intellectual disability.MethodUsing a register-based total population study (N=509 639), we calculated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIS) of ASD with and without intellectual disability in relation to lifetime diagnoses of maternal vitamin D deficiency. Although rare, such deficiency was associated with offspring risk of ASD with, but not without, intellectual disability (aORs 2.51, 95% CI 1.22–5.16 and 1.28, 0.68–2.42). Relationships were stronger in non-immigrant children.ConclusionsIf reflecting associations for prenatal hypovitaminosis, these findings imply gestational vitamin D substitution as a means of ASD prevention.

scholarly journals Lehetséges összefüggés egy autizmusspektrum-zavarban érintett gyermek metilfenidát-kezelése és az azt követően kialakult gynaecomastia között

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (42) ◽  
pp. 1703-1708
Author(s):  
Nóra Kollárovics ◽  
Péter Nagy ◽  
Judit Balázs
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Child Psychiatrist ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Relationship

Összefoglaló. Bár a figyelemhiányos hiperaktivitási zavar kezelése során alkalmazott metilfenidát-monoterápiával összefüggésben jelentkező gynaecomastiáról bizonyos nemkívánatos hatások adatbázisai beszámolnak, a szakirodalom áttekintése alapján ez idáig mindössze 5 esettanulmányt publikáltak a témában. Tanulmányunkban egy autizmusspektrum-zavarral és figyelemhiányos hiperaktivitási zavarral egyaránt diagnosztizált gyermek esetét mutatjuk be, akinél 6 hónapon át tartó, folyamatos metilfenidát-monoterápiájával összefüggésben kétoldali gynaecomastia kialakulását tapasztaltuk. A kezelés azonnali leállítása mellett 10 napos klomifénkezelés történt. A metilfenidát-terápia azonnali leállítását követően 14 nappal a gynaecomastia mindkét oldalon visszahúzódott. 3 hónapos, gyermekpszichiátriai szempontból gyógyszermentes időszakot követően a metilfenidát-terápia újraindítása történt, de 1 hónap elteltével a nem kívánt mellékhatás ismét jelentkezett. A metilfenidát-terápia és a gynaecomastia kialakulása közötti kapcsolat számos mechanizmussal kapcsolatban kérdéseket vet fel. Gyermekpszichiátriai szempontból érdekes kérdés, hogy releváns lehet-e a gyógyszeres terápia következményeként kialakuló nemkívánatos mellékhatás megjelenésében az autizmusspektrum-zavar és a figyelemhiányos hiperaktivitási zavar komorbid fennállása. A jelenség hátterében felmerül továbbá a neuroendokrin-immunológiai rendszer szabályozásának esetleges megváltozása. Esettanulmányunk felhívja a gyakorló orvoskollégák figyelmét a metilfenidát-terápia alkalmazása mellett potenciálisan kialakuló gynaecomastia monitorozására. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(42): 1703–1708. Summary. Although gynecomastia associated with methylphenidate monotherapy in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder has already been reported in some adverse event databases, based on a review of the literature it appears that only five case reports have been published. In our study, we present the case of a child diagnosed with both autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, who developed bilateral gynecomastia in association with continuous methylphenidate monotherapy for 6 months. With immediate cessation of methylphenidate therapy, clomiphene treatment was given for 10 days. A total of 14 days after cessation of methylphenidate treatment gynecomastia receded on both sides. After a methylphenidate drug-free period of 3 months, methylphenidate therapy was restarted, but 1 month later the side effect reappeared. The relationship between methylphenidate and the development of gynecomastia raises questions about a number of mechanisms. From a child psychiatrist point of view, it is an interesting question whether the presence of comorbid autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder may be relevant in the onset of adverse events by medication. The phenomenon may also be caused by altered regulation of the neuroendocrine-immune system. Our case report draws the attention of practicing physicians to monitoring of potential gynecomastia during methylphenidate therapy. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(42): 1703–1708.

The relationship between symptoms of autism spectrum disorder and visual impairment among adults with intellectual disability

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1411-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Kiani ◽  
Sabyasachy Bhaumik ◽  
Freya Tyrer ◽  
John Bankart ◽  
Helen Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals KCNK18 Biallelic Variants Associated with Intellectual Disability and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Alter TRESK Channel Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6064
Author(s):  
Lisa Pavinato ◽  
Ehsan Nematian-Ardestani ◽  
Andrea Zonta ◽  
Silvia De Rubeis ◽  
Joseph Buxbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Channel Activity ◽  
Downstream Effects ◽  
The Family ◽  
Functional Relevance ◽  
The Relationship

The TWIK-related spinal cord potassium channel (TRESK) is encoded by KCNK18, and variants in this gene have previously been associated with susceptibility to familial migraine with aura (MIM #613656). A single amino acid substitution in the same protein, p.Trp101Arg, has also been associated with intellectual disability (ID), opening the possibility that variants in this gene might be involved in different disorders. Here, we report the identification of KCNK18 biallelic missense variants (p.Tyr163Asp and p.Ser252Leu) in a family characterized by three siblings affected by mild-to-moderate ID, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopment-related features. Functional characterization of the variants alone or in combination showed impaired channel activity. Interestingly, Ser252 is an important regulatory site of TRESK, suggesting that alteration of this residue could lead to additive downstream effects. The functional relevance of these mutations and the observed co-segregation in all the affected members of the family expand the clinical variability associated with altered TRESK function and provide further insight into the relationship between altered function of this ion channel and human disease.

Intellectual Disability in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 176-197
Author(s):  
Benjamin E. Yerys
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Degree Of Overlap

Intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are two neurodevelopmental disorders noted to have a high degree of overlap and co-occurrence. Historically, symptoms of ID were reported to co-occur in approximately 70% or more of those with ASD; however, the rate of co-occurrence is now believed to be around 30%. As the perceptions and diagnostic conceptualization of each condition by itself have changed over time, our knowledge of the overlap and the relationship between ID and ASD has similarly changed. This chapter provides a brief overview of the relationship between ID and ASD and focuses more on the complexities and nuances pertaining to etiology, diagnosis, and assessment of symptoms that may covary or may differentially occur. Finally, the chapter provides a summary of current evidence-based interventions for use in those who have ASD and co-occurring ID, as well as a look toward future directions for investigation.

scholarly journals A Revolutionizing Approach to Autism Spectrum Disorder Using the Microbiome

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1983
Author(s):  
Dinyadarshini Johnson ◽  
Vengadesh Letchumanan ◽  
Sivakumar Thurairajasingam ◽  
Learn-Han Lee
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Maternal Influence ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
The Relationship

The study of human microbiota and health has emerged as one of the ubiquitous research pursuits in recent decades which certainly warrants the attention of both researchers and clinicians. Many health conditions have been linked to the gut microbiota which is the largest reservoir of microbes in the human body. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the neurodevelopmental disorders which has been extensively explored in relation to gut microbiome. The utilization of microbial knowledge promises a more integrative perspective in understanding this disorder, albeit being an emerging field in research. More interestingly, oral and vaginal microbiomes, indicating possible maternal influence, have equally drawn the attention of researchers to study their potential roles in the etiopathology of ASD. Therefore, this review attempts to integrate the knowledge of microbiome and its significance in relation to ASD including the hypothetical aetiology of ASD and its commonly associated comorbidities. The microbiota-based interventions including diet, prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotics, and faecal microbial transplant (FMT) have also been explored in relation to ASD. Of these, diet and probiotics are seemingly promising breakthrough interventions in the context of ASD for lesser known side effects, feasibility and easier administration, although more studies are needed to ascertain the actual clinical efficacy of these interventions. The existing knowledge and research gaps call for a more expanded and resolute research efforts in establishing the relationship between autism and microbiomes.

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