scholarly journals Asphaltene biotransformation for heavy oil upgradation

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Nissar Zargar ◽  
Ankur Kumar ◽  
Anurag Sinha ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Ioannis Skiadas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Microbial Consortium ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Heavy Crude Oil ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Heavy Crude ◽  
C Nmr

AbstractGlobally, the reserves of heavy crude oil are seven times more abundant than that of light crude, and yet, they are underutilized because of their high viscosity and density, which is largely due to the presence of large amounts of asphaltenes. Biotransformation of heavy oil asphaltenes into smaller metabolites can be used for reducing their viscosity. Several microorganisms capable of asphaltene biodegradation have been reported but only few have been characterized for its biotransformation. In the present study, a 9-membered microbial consortium was isolated from an oil contaminated soil. About 72% and 75% asphaltene biotransformation was achieved by growing cells at shake flask level and in a 1.5 l bioreactor, respectively. A representative structure of asphaltene was constructed based on LC–MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR, ICPMS and elemental analysis (CHNS) of n-heptane purified asphaltene from Maya crude oil. Biotransformation of asphaltene, as analyzed by performing 1H-NMR, FT-IR and elemental analysis, resulted in 80% decrease in S and N when compared to the control along with incorporation of oxygen in the structure of asphaltene. About 91% decrease in the viscosity of the Maya crude oil was observed after two weeks when oil: aqueous phase ratio was 1:9. The results suggest that the isolated microbial consortium can be used for biological upgradation of heavy crude oil. To our knowledge, this is the first report where a microbial consortium resulted in such high asphaltene biotransformation.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION OF AMINO ACETYLENIC AND THIOCARBAMATES DERIVATIVES FOR 2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Aseel Alsarahni ◽  
Zuhair Muhi Eldeen ◽  
Elham Al-kaissi ◽  
Ibrahim Al- Adham ◽  
Najah Al-muhtaseb
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Benzothiazole Derivatives ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Potential Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
C Nmr

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To design and synthesize amino acetylenic and thiocarbonate of 2-mercapto-1,3-benthiazoles as potential antimicrobial agents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A new series of 2-{[4-(t-amino-1-yl) but-2-yn-1-yl] sulfanyl}-1,3-benzothiazole derivatives (AZ1-AZ6), and S-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl-O-alkyl carbonothioate derivatives were synthesised, with the aim that the target compounds show new and potential antimicrobial activity. The elemental analysis was indicated by the EuroEA elemental analyzer, and biological characterization was via IR, <sup>1</sup>H-NMR, [13]C-NMR, DSC were determined with the aid of Bruker FT-IR and Varian 300 MHz spectrometer using DMSO-d<sub>6</sub> as a solvent.<em> </em><em>In vitro </em>antimicrobial activity, evaluation was done for the synthesised compounds, by agar diffusion method and broth dilution test. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. <em></em></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The IR, <sup>1</sup>H-NMR, <sup>13</sup>C-NMR, DSC and elemental analysis were consistent with the assigned structures. Compound of 2-{[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)but-2-yn-1-yl] sulfanyl}-1,3-benzothiazole (AZ1), 2-{[4-(2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)but-2-yn-1-yl]sulfanyl}-1,3-benzothiazole (AZ2), 2-{[4-(piperidin-1-yl) but-2-yn-1-yl]sulfanyl}-1, 3-benzothiazole (AZ6), S-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl-O-ethyl carbonothioate (AZ7), and S-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl-O-(2-methylpropyl) carbonothioate (AZ9) showed the highest antimicrobial activity against <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>(<em>P. aeruginosa</em>), AZ-9 demonstrated the highest antifungal activity against <em>Candida albicans </em>(<em>C. albicans</em>), with MIC of 31.25 µg/ml.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These promising results promoted our interest to investigate other structural analogues for their antimicrobial activity further.</p>

scholarly journals Synthesis of Thiophenyl Thiazole Based Novel Quinoxaline Derivatives

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Haresh G. Kathrotiya ◽  
Yogesh T. Naliapara
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Amine ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Quinoxaline Derivatives ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
C Nmr

A new series of thiophenyl thiazole based novel quinoxaline derivatives 4a-4t have been synthesized by base catalysed condensation reaction. In which 6-substituted 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline 1a and 4-(thiophen-2-yl) thiazol-2-amine 2b reacted in basic condition to afford intermediate 3c which reacts with various aromatic amine to form final compounds. Easy experimental procedure, high yield, and selectivity are the imperative features of this method. The identity of all the compounds has been established by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, and elemental analysis.

Flow Patterns in Heavy Crude Oil-Water Flow

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio C. Bannwart ◽  
Oscar M. H. Rodriguez ◽  
Carlos H. M. de Carvalho ◽  
Isabela S. Wang ◽  
Rosa M. O. Vara
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Annular Flow ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Heavy Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Heavy Crude

Abstract This paper is aimed to an experimental study on the flow patterns formed by heavy crude oil (488 mPa.s, 925.5 kg/m3 at 20 °C) and water inside vertical and horizontal 1 in. pipes. The interfacial tension was 29 dynes/cm. Effort is concentrated into flow pattern characterization, which was visually defined. The similarities with gas-liquid flow patterns are explored and the results are expressed in flow maps of the superficial velocities. In contrast with other studies, the annular flow pattern (‘core annular flow’) was observed in both horizontal and vertical test sections. In fact this flow pattern typically occurs in heavy oil-water flows at low water input fractions. Because of the practical importance of core flow in providing an effective means for heavy oil production and transportation, this paper discusses two criteria that favor its occurrence in pipes.

Characterization of heavy crude oil fractions by means of the 13C NMR technique

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 1160-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Hájek ◽  
Gustav Šebor ◽  
Ivo Lang ◽  
Zenon Starčuk ◽  
Otto Weisser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Heavy Crude Oil ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Oil Fractions ◽  
Aliphatic Carbon ◽  
Heavy Crude ◽  
Crude Oil Fractions ◽  
C Nmr

The 13C NMR spectra of samples of heavy crude oil fractions were interpreted. The spectra of all samples were of the same character. In the region of the aliphatic carbon shifts, ten different carbon atom types were discerned; some possible structure types of hydrocarbons were attributed to them and the arrangement of the aromatic rings in a mean molecule of the samples examined was discussed.

Flow Patterns in Heavy Crude Oil-Water Flow

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio C. Bannwart ◽  
Oscar M. H. Rodriguez ◽  
Carlos H. M. de Carvalho ◽  
Isabela S. Wang ◽  
Rosa M. O. Vara
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Annular Flow ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Heavy Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Heavy Crude

This paper is aimed to an experimental study on the flow patterns formed by heavy crude oil (initial viscosity and density 488 mPa s, 925.5kg/m3 at 20°C) and water inside vertical and horizontal 2.84-cm-i.d. pipes. The oil-water interfacial tension was 29 dyn/cm. Effort is concentrated into flow pattern characterization, which was visually defined. The similarities with gas-liquid flow patterns are explored and the results are expressed in flow maps. In contrast with other studies, the annular flow pattern (“core annular flow”) was observed in both horizontal and vertical test sections. These flow pattern tends to occur in heavy oil-water flows at low water input fractions. Because of the practical importance of core flow in providing an effective means for heavy oil production and transportation, this paper discusses criteria that favor its occurrence in pipes.

Prospects for Heavy Crude Oil Development

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Heavy Crude Oil ◽  
Natural Bitumen ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Peace River ◽  
Heavy Crude ◽  
Mineral Commodities ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cold Lake

The problems of utilizing heavy crude oil and natural bitumens centre on their high viscosity which makes them difficult to produce, store, transport, and refine. These factors are reflected in costs. World reserves are substantial, however, perhaps as much as 7 trillion† barrels estimated to represent 0·9 trillion barrels of recoverable oil. Nearly 2·1 trillion barrels of heavy crude oil, more than 50% of the world's total reserve, are located in Venezuela largely in the Orinoco Oil Belt. About 75% of the natural bitumen, 2·6 trillion barrels, is located in Canada in the Athabasca, Cold Lake, and Peace River areas of Alberta. Most of the estimated undiscovered heavy crude oil in the world, approximately 630 billion barrels, is outside the US and Canada. Data required to determine the cost of finding natural bitumen and heavy oil are roughly the same as for other mineral commodities. Similarly for recovery costs. The variables are so extensive that dollar amounts have little meaning without qualification. Recovery depends on depth below surface. Near-surface deposits are recovered by mechanical mining. Deeper deposits must be won by thermal means. Transportation by pipeline is feasible only if the viscosity is lowered by partial upgrading, heating, or by the use of diluents. Part of the high cost of refining results from the major investment required for the large installations that are needed for economic rates of production.

Novel mono- and heterobimetallic chromium−nickel s-indacene complexes: synthesis, characterization, and DFT studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 677-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Morales-Verdejo ◽  
Eduardo Schott ◽  
Ximena Zarate ◽  
Juan Manuel Manriquez
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Molecular System ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Dft Studies ◽  
Nickel Compound ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Bridging Ligand ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
C Nmr

The preparation of a novel heterobimetallic chromium−nickel compound (3), including 2,6-diethyl-4,8-dimethyl-5-hydroindacenide (IcH′) as bridging ligand was successfully achieved and it was characterized by means of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopies and elemental analysis. Cyclic voltammetry studies were performed for complex 3 as well as for its respective mononuclear species. Theoretical calculations of this compound were carried out to gain further understanding of this novel molecular system.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Tert-Octylsalicylaldoxime and Its Application in Extraction of Cu(II)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqing Li ◽  
Luo Feng ◽  
Chunfa Liao ◽  
Fangxu Li ◽  
Liqin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Extraction Ability ◽  
One Pot ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Alkyl Groups ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Copper Nickel Alloy ◽  
The One ◽  
Yield And Purity ◽  
C Nmr

The alkyl salicylaldoxime has attracted more and more attention recently due to the complex branched alkyl groups. In this study, a novel alkyl salicylaldoxime, tert-octylsalicylaldoxime, was successfully synthesized by the one-pot method. The yield and purity by the elemental analysis were 96.17 and 94.13%, respectively. The structure was confirmed by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), 13C NMR spectroscopy, and MS. Results showed that tert-octylsalicylaldoxime with a new structure exhibited excellent extraction ability and selectivity for Cu(II) and can be successfully used to recover Cu from copper-nickel alloy electroplating wastewater. Thus, this product has the potential to be used as a powerful copper extractant in the future.

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