scholarly journals Organic and conventional sweetpotato production in the Southeastern of United States: a comparative analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sochinwechi Nwosisi ◽  
Prabodh Illukpitiya ◽  
Dilip Nandwani ◽  
Ismail Tubosun Arebi ◽  
Obinna Nwosisi
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Economic Risk ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Southeastern Us ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Conventional Production

Abstract Background There has been a piqued interest in alternative agricultural production systems that are environmentally friendly due to concerns on how sustainable it is to grow conventionally. However, in the producer’s point of view, economic returns are an important issue in decision-making in adaptation. The purpose of this study is to assess the economic risk of conventional and organic sweetpotato production in the Southeastern US. The primary and secondary data were used for the analysis. We identified risk variables in stochastic profit function and performed Monte Carlo simulation in analyzing profitability and economic risk of conventional and organic production systems. Results Findings from the meta-analysis suggest lower sweetpotato yields and higher selling prices, are to be expected in the organic sweetpotato production systems compared with the conventional. A higher probability of having positive net return from organically grown sweetpotato compared to conventional production systems was observed. Conclusions Increase in unit cost leads to a decrease in net profit in both conventional and organic production systems. Sweetpotato price has more effect on net return compared to its yield in conventional production systems. The higher selling price, lower yield and lower unit costs provide a higher net profit return for the organic sweetpotato production systems. Unit cost in conventional production was noted to be higher in general, inferring conventional sweetpotato production could potentially experience a higher variability in net farm income. Despite the high production cost, however, farmers are encouraged to go into sweetpotato production as it appears to be profitable. Further studies should be conducted on conventional treatments without synthetic pesticides and fertilizers as these systems perhaps, may display lower external input costs that might make them more profitable similar to organic systems.

scholarly journals Indicators of economic efficiency of sour cherry in different production systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
Srboljub Nikolić ◽  
Zorica Sredojević ◽  
Nebojša Novković ◽  
Slaviša Arsić
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic

The subject of this research is the economic results of conventional and organic production of sour cherries in the Republic of Serbia. The aim of the research is to determine the economic efficiency and the possibility of greater representation of organic production, as a system of conservation of natural resources and especially land. A minimum selling price of organic cherries (0.44 €/kg) has been set, at which producers can achieve a gross margin of 2,530 €/ha, as well as in the conditions of conventional production. By selling organic sour cherries at a much better selling price (0.50 €/kg) than the price of sour cherries from conventional production (0.36 €/kg), producers manage to "cover" production costs of 2,840 €/ha and achieve a gross margin of 3,910 €/ha. The gross margin includes the reimbursed lost economic benefit of 1,030 €/ha and a profit of 2,880 €/ha.

Welfare assessment of conventional and organic broilers in Denmark, with emphasis on leg health

2018 ◽  
Vol 183 (6) ◽  
pp. 192-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda M Tahamtani ◽  
Lena K Hinrichsen ◽  
Anja B Riber
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Welfare Assessment ◽  
Welfare Indicators ◽  
Tibial Dyschondroplasia ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
Gait Score

The aim of this study was to survey and report the walking ability in broilers housed in both conventional and organic production systems in Denmark. To this end, the authors assessed the walking ability, by using the Bristol scale, in 31 conventional broiler flocks and in 29 organic broiler flocks distributed across Denmark. In addition, assessment of contact dermatitis, leg abnormalities, scratches and plumage cleanliness, as well as postmortem analysis of tibial dyschondroplasia, was performed in conventional broilers. The survey found a prevalence of 77.4 per cent of impaired walking ability (gait score (GS) >0) in conventional broilers and 38.1 per cent in organic broilers. The prevalence of severe lameness (GS >2) was 5.5 per cent and 2.5 per cent for conventional and organic broilers, respectively. The prevalence of tibial dyschondroplasia in conventional broilers was 4.7 per cent. The results on other welfare indicators are also presented for conventional broilers. The results from the present and previous surveys indicate that the prevalence of impaired walking ability in broiler chickens in the Danish conventional production system is high, but the severity has been steadily decreasing over the last 19 years. Furthermore, the results from the survey of organic broilers suggest that lameness is less prevalent and severe in this system relative to conventional production.

Optimal seeding rate for organic production of lentil in the northern Great Plains

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1089-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Baird ◽  
S J Shirtliffe ◽  
F L Walley
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Conventional Production

Organic lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) producers must rely upon the recommended rate for conventional production of 130 plants m-2, but this seeding rate may not be suitable, as organic and conventional production systems differ in management and inputs. The objective of this study was to determine an optimal seeding rate for organic production of lentil considering a number of factors, including yield, weed suppression, soil nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, plant uptake of phosphorus, and economic return. A field experiment was conducted for 4 site-years at locations near Saskatoon, SK. Treatments included seeding rates of 15, 38, 94, 235 and 375 seeds m-2. Seed yield increased with increasing seeding rate up to 1290 kg ha-1. Weed biomass was reduced by 59% at the highest seeding rate as compared with the lowest seeding rate. Post-harvest soil phosphorus and nitrogen levels were similar between seeding rate treatments. Economic return was maximized at $952 ha-1 at the highest density of 229 plants m-2, achieved with a seeding rate of 375 seeds m-2. Organic farmers should increase the seeding rate of lentil to achieve a plant density of 229 plants m-2 to increase profitability and provide better weed suppression.Key words: Lentil, organic, seeding rate, weed suppression, economic return

scholarly journals Transmission of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in the Pork Production Chain from Farm to Slaughterhouse

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (17) ◽  
pp. 5444-5450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riikka Laukkanen ◽  
Pilar Ortiz Martínez ◽  
Kirsi-Maarit Siekkinen ◽  
Jukka Ranta ◽  
Riitta Maijala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
Conventional Farms ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
On Farm

ABSTRACT The transmission of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in the pork production chain was followed from farm to slaughterhouse by studying the same 364 pigs from different production systems at farm and slaughterhouse levels. In all, 1,785 samples were collected, and the isolated Y. pseudotuberculosis strains were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The results of microbial sampling were combined with data from an on-farm observation and questionnaire study to elucidate the associations between farm factors and the prevalence of Y. pseudotuberculosis. Following the same pigs in the production chain from farm to slaughterhouse, we were able to show similar Y. pseudotuberculosis genotypes in live animals, pluck sets (containing tongue, tonsils, esophagus, trachea, heart, lungs, diaphragm, liver, and kidneys), and carcasses and to conclude that Y. pseudotuberculosis contamination originates from the farms, is transported to slaughterhouses with pigs, and transfers to pluck sets and carcasses in the slaughter process. The study also showed that the high prevalence of Y. pseudotuberculosis in live pigs predisposes carcasses and pluck sets to contamination. When production types and capacities were compared, the prevalence of Y. pseudotuberculosis was higher in organic production than in conventional production and on conventional farms with high rather than low production capacity. We were also able to associate specific farm factors with the prevalence of Y. pseudotuberculosis by using a questionnaire and on-farm observations. On farms, contact with pest animals and the outside environment and a rise in the number of pigs on the farm appear to increase the prevalence of Y. pseudotuberculosis.

scholarly journals Performance of advanced potato genotypes in organic and conventional production systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Carlos Francisco Ragassi ◽  
Agnaldo DF de Carvalho ◽  
Giovani Olegário da Silva ◽  
Gabriel Emiliano Pereira ◽  
Arione da S Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Input Use ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
New Cultivars

ABSTRACT Potato is responsive to intensive agricultural input use; however, it can be produced in less intensive production systems (such as the organic system) by using appropriate production techniques and genotypes adapted to this system. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of advanced potato genotypes for tuber yield under conventional and organic production systems, in order to select potential genotypes to become new cultivars adapted to these systems. Fifteen advanced potato clones and two controls were evaluated under organic and conventional production systems, in 2016 and 2017, in Brasília-DF, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replicates and plots composed of two rows with 10 plants each, spaced 0.35 m between plants and 0.80 m between rows. Total (mass) and marketable (mass and number of tubers) productivities were evaluated. Variance analysis showed significant differences among genotypes for all traits. Despite the lower average tuber yield in the organic system, selecting genotypes with high potential productivity was possible in this system, such as F158-08-01 and F158-08-02, showing high marketable tuber yield, with values equivalent to the conventional system. Clones F102-08-04, F13-09-07, F-18-09-03, F-183-08-01, F-21-09-07, F31-08-05, F63-10-07 and F97-07-03 also outperformed the control cultivars in organic system. For conventional system, F158-08-01, F158-08-02 and F183-08-01 were superior, and F18-09-03, F21-09-07, F63-10-07, F97-07-03, PCDINV10 and PCDSE090 showed performance similar or superior to the most productive control (cultivar Asterix). Genotypes F158-08-01 and F158-08-02 were superior in both conventional and organic systems, with potential to become new cultivars recommended for both production systems.

scholarly journals Detection of Latent Peronospora effusa Infections in Spinach

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 1766-1771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaitra S. Subbarao ◽  
Amy Anchieta ◽  
Lorena Ochoa ◽  
Nikhilesh Dhar ◽  
Sridhara G. Kunjeti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Latent Infections ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
Spinach Leaf ◽  
Pathogen Dna ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Spinach Leaves

Downy mildew disease of spinach, caused by Peronospora effusa, is managed in conventional fields by a combination of host resistance and scheduled fungicide applications. Fungicides are currently applied to prevent downy mildew epidemics regardless of the infection status of spinach crops. A more streamlined approach would be to develop methods to target either latent infections for fungicide application in conventional production systems or to hasten harvest in organic production. In this study, conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to detect P. effusa DNA in symptomless spinach leaves in three spatially and temporally separated field plots, each containing four 2-m beds, 35 m in length. Spinach leaves were sampled weekly at 3-m intervals at 48 locations throughout each plot. Initial samples were asymptomatic and yet PCR enabled detection of P. effusa DNA extracted from sampled spinach leaves. Detection of latent downy mildew infection in spinach leaves was confirmed by PCR as early as 7 days prior to symptom development. The limit of pathogen DNA detection in spinach leaves was calculated at 10 pg using the conventional PCR approach. Quantitative PCR with TaqMan methodology revealed the presence of inhibitors from spinach leaf DNA extracts and affected amplification efficiencies, but not when diluted, enabling detection of P. effusa DNA at a concentration of <0.1 pg. In conclusion, detection of latent infections may enable management decisions for earlier-than-normal harvest of infected, symptomless organic crops, and for timing fungicide applications on symptomless plants in conventional production.

scholarly journals Pasture-Based versus Conventional Milk Production: Where Is the Profit?

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Gillespie ◽  
Richard Nehring
Keyword(s):  
Operating Cost ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Adoption Of Technology ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Conventional Farms ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
Enterprise Level ◽  
The U.S

Costs and returns of pasture-based dairy production are compared with those of conventional production using matching samples. Both whole-farm and dairy enterprise-level estimates are made using the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Resource Management Survey data. Conventional farms are matched to pasture-based farms on the basis of operation scale, scope, region, and farmer demographics and adoption of technology. Results show for pasture-based production lower net farm income on per-cow, per-hundredweight milk produced, and total bases. On an enterprise basis, results show for pasture-based production, higher net return over operating cost and lower net return over total cost per hundredweight milk produced.

scholarly journals Performance of Modern and Traditional Spelt Wheat (Triticum spelta) Varieties in Rain-Fed and Irrigated, Organic and Conventional Production Systems in a Semi-Arid Environment; Results from Exploratory Field Experiments in Crete, Greece

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 890
Author(s):  
Juan Wang ◽  
Marcin Baranski ◽  
Recep Korkut ◽  
Hassan Ashraa Kalee ◽  
Liza Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Spelt Wheat ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
Semi Arid

Background: Consumer demand for organic spelt wheat has increased rapidly and production has expanded into semi-arid regions, where it was not traditionally grown. Methods: Here, we report the results of a factorial field experiment designed to compare the performance of four spelt varieties grown in rain-fed and irrigated, conventional and organic production systems in a semi-arid environment. Results: Irrigation resulted in 2.5-fold higher grain yields, a reduction in grain protein, taller plants and an increase in stem lodging. While yields of all varieties were similar and low in rain-fed production, the variety Züricher Oberländer Rotkorn (ZOR) produced the highest, Filderstolz and Oberkulmer intermediate and the variety Rubiota the lowest grain yields in irrigated systems. Organic production with chicken or sheep manure as fertilizer resulted in 15% higher yields that mineral NPK fertilizer-based conventional production protocols. Conclusions: Rain-fed spelt production results in very low yields and is therefore unlikely to be commercially viable. Results suggest that organic fertilization regimes and the variety ZOR will result in the highest yields in irrigated systems, while the two traditional spelt varieties Filderstolz and Oberkulmer will more reliably produce grain protein levels that comply with bread-making quality standards.

scholarly journals The effect of maturation stage and after-ripening on seed quality in organically- and conventionally-produced pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Kutay YILDIRIM ◽  
Ibrahim DEMIR
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Immature Seeds ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
High Quality Seed

High quality seed production is essential in organic production as well as in conventional production. Fruit maturity can be observed at different times due to the continuous flowering of pepper plant. Consequently, seeds with different maturity are obtained as the fruits are collected during once over-harvesting period. Immature seeds collected in once over-harvest may cause quality losses in the seed lot. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the effect of after-ripening on mature and immature pepper seeds produced in organic and conventional production systems. To see the effect of after-ripening treatment, seeds were harvested in two different periods (immature 45-50 day after anthesis(DAA) and mature 60-65DAA). After-ripening(AR) was performed by keeping the seeds in fruits for 7 days after harvesting the fruits. Effect of production systems and after-ripening on immature and mature pepper seed lots were assessed for four cultivars harvested in 2015 and 2016. After-ripening increased germination (AR:76.3%, C:28% for organic and AR:88%, C:53.8% for conventional), seedling emergence (AR:70.8%, C:44.3% for organic and AR:82.5%, C:53.8% for conventional) percentages and mean weight of 1000 seeds (AR:6.5, C:6.0g for organic and AR:6.5, C:6.2g for conventional) in both production systems of immature seed lots compared to control (C)(P<0.05) but did not have a similar effect on mature ones. Moreover, organically-produced seed lots have the same quality as conventionally-produced seeds. Consequently, obtained results indicate that after-ripening can be used to enhance the quality of immature seeds of pepper cultivars and seeds can be produced organically without any loss of quality.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Allelopathic Potential of Wood Chips for Weed Suppression in Horticultural Production Systems

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bala Rathinasabapathi ◽  
James Ferguson ◽  
Mark Gal
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Southeastern Us

Shredded and chipped wood mulches are used for weed suppression in perennial fruit crops, in urban landscapes, and occasionally in vegetable crops. Wood chip mulches with weed-suppressing allelochemicals may be more effective for weed control, especially under sustainable and organic production systems, than mulches without such properties. The objective of this study was to test for the presence of water-soluble allelochemicals in wood chips derived from tree species, often found in wood resource recovery operations in the southeastern US. Presence of allelochemicals in water eluates of woodchips and leaves was evaluated in a lettuce bioassay. Eluates of wood chips from red maple (Acer rubrum L.), swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii Nutt.), red cedar (Juniperus silicicola L.H. Bailey), neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.), and magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora L.) highly inhibited germinating lettuce seeds, as assessed by inhibition of hypocotyl and radicle growth. The effects of wood chip eluates from these five species were more than that found for eluates from wood chips of black walnut (Juglans nigra L.,) a species previously identified to have weed-suppressing allelochemicals. Tests on red cedar, red maple, and neem showed that water-soluble allelochemicals were present not only in the wood but also in the leaves. In greenhouse trials, red cedar wood chip mulch significantly inhibited the growth of florida beggarweed (Desmodium tortuosum DC.), compared to the gravel-mulched and no-mulch controls.

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