scholarly journals Comparison of low-concentration carbon dioxide-enriched and tap water immersion on body temperature after passive heating

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiji Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cooling Time ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Cooling Effect

Abstract Background Because carbon dioxide (CO2)-enriched water causes cutaneous vasodilation, immersion in CO2-enriched water facilitates heat transfer from the body to the water or from the water to the body. Consequently, immersion in CO2-enriched water raises or reduces body temperature faster than immersion in fresh water. However, it takes time to dissolve CO2 in tap water and because the dissolved CO2 concentration decreases over time, the actual CO2 concentration is likely lower than the stated target concentration. However, it is unclear whether water containing a lower CO2 concentration would also cool the body faster than fresh water after body temperature had been increased. Methods Ten healthy males (mean age = 20 ± 1 years) participated in the study. Participants were first immersed for 15 min in a tap water bath at 40 °C to raise body temperature. They then moved to a tap water or CO2-enriched water bath at 30 °C to reduce body temperature. The CO2 concentration was set at 500 ppm. The present study measured cooling time and cooling rate (slope of the regression line relating auditory canal temperature (Tac) to cooling time) to assess the cooling effect of CO2-enriched water immersion. Results Immersion in 40 °C tap water caused Tac to rise 0.64 ± 0.25 °C in the tap water session and 0.62 ± 0.27 °C in the CO2-enriched water session (P > 0.05). During the 30 °C water immersion, Tac declined to the baseline within 13 ± 6 min in tap water and 10 ± 6 min in CO2-enriched water (P > 0.05). Cooling rates were 0.08 ± 0.06 °C/min in tap water and 0.08 ± 0.04 °C/min in CO2-enriched water (P > 0.05). Conclusions CO2-enriched water containing 500 ppm CO2 did not cool faster than tap water immersion. This suggests that when the water temperature is 30 °C, a CO2 concentration of 500 ppm is insufficient to obtain the advantageous cooling effect during water immersion after body temperature has been increased.

The mechanisms which affect the periodic cycle of Pacific Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae

1981 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Hawking ◽  
Tinousi Jennings ◽  
F. J. Louis ◽  
E. Tuira
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
The Body ◽  
Small Rise

ABSTRACT1. Investigations were made of the effect of various procedures in raising or lowering the microfilaria count of Pacific type Wuchereria bancrofti in the peripheral blood.2. Raising the body temperature in the early morning was followed by a moderate fall in the counts. Breathing increased oxygen, or reduced oxygen (hypoxia) or increased carbon dioxide, or the ingestion of sodium bicarbonate produced no consistent and significant changes in the count. Ingestion of glucose (in one volunteer) was followed by a small rise in the count. Muscular exercise was followed by a fall in the count, which is interpreted as probably being a response to a lower concentration of oxygen in the venous blood returning to the lung.3. It has not been possible to identify the physiological components of the circadian rhythm of the human body which entrain the cycle of these microfilariae. Attempts to obtain evidence incriminating the stimuli described above have been unsuccessful.

Effect of hypothermia on ventilatory response to carbon dioxide inhalation and carbon dioxide infusion in dogs

1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Salzano ◽  
F. G. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Lower Order ◽  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Tension ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Gaseous Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ice Water ◽  
Immersion Hypothermia

Some respiratory and circulatory responses to carbon dioxide stress during ice-water immersion hypothermia were studied in 13 dogs. Stresses were imposed by increasing the carbon dioxide tension of the inspired gas in eight animals and by intravenous infusion of gaseous carbon dioxide in five other animals. It was found that when compensation is made for the depressed ventilation exhibited at low body temperature, animals responded to the carbon dioxide stresses in essentially the same manner in the hypothermic as in the normothermia state. However, the responses are of a lower order of magnitude. Submitted on November 19, 1959

scholarly journals Durian Locule (Endocarp) Water Immersion Drinking Effect to Reduce Heaty Sensation after Flesh Consumption: A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 866-874
Author(s):  
Saiful Irwan Zubairi ◽  
Noraiman Arifin ◽  
Haslaniza Hashim ◽  
Ikhwan Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Oral Reading ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Temperature ◽  
The People ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Homeostasis Mechanism

Durian is said to have a “heaty” effect on the people who have eaten it that can raise their body temperature and blood pressure. The locule water immersion is the water that is drunk using the durian’s inner skin (endocarp) that contains the durian flesh and it is said (mainly via local hearsay) that it can lower the body temperature right after consuming the flesh. The aim of this research is to investigate a myth about the effect of D24 durian locule water immersion that can possibly reduce body temperature after eating durian via oral temperature assessment. In order to explore the reliability of this myth, an experimental research was carried out with five different respondents to undergo with 3 different set of condition which are: a) consumed the same amount of durian, but they did not have to drink the immersed-locule water; b) consumed the durian and they had to drink the immersed-locule water and c) consumed the durian and they had to drink a cup of water. The changes in their body temperature (oral reading) were recorded and analysed for significant changes (n = 3). Overall, the immersed-locule water exhibited a mild affect in the changes of body temperature (p<0.05) on a short period of time (<30 mins after consumption). For that reason, the availability of pectin in the locule water-immersion might have help facilitates the natural homeostasis mechanism faster as to suppress of any sudden body heating after eating durian.

Respiratory Function of the Swim-Bladders of the Primitive Fish Polypterus Senegalus

1970 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
A. M. ABDEL MAGID ◽  
Z. VOKAC ◽  
NASR EL DIN AHMED
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Tension ◽  
The Body ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Polypterus Senegalus ◽  
The Right

1. The respiratory function of the swim-bladders of Polypterus senegalus was investigated. Experiments were carried out in tap water with an oxygen tension of about 140 mm. Hg. 2. Both swim-bladders were cannulated through the body-walls of the unrestricted fish. Gas samples were analysed for their oxygen and carbon dioxide content before and after the fish visited the surface. 3. A sharp increase in oxygen and a decrease in carbon dioxide tension was always observed after inhalation. This proves that atmospheric air is actually inspired into the bladders. 4. After inspiration, the amount of oxygen in the bladders decreased rapidly. This shows that oxygen is taken up by the blood, even when the oxygen content of the water is normal. 5. Inspiration of air is preceded by expiration which, on the average, reduces the volume of the bladders to about 40%. 6. The uneven distribution of inhaled air in the right bladder is shown to be due to anatomical configuration.

Body cooling and response to heat

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Veghte ◽  
Paul Webb
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Central Control ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Gradient Effect ◽  
Sudomotor Activity ◽  
Body Cooling ◽  
High Level

Prior body cooling with cold air or water immersion increased human tolerance to a high level of heat stress. The lower the body temperature at the onset of the heat exposure, the greater the increase in tolerance times over the control values. Mean body temperature was the only discriminating criterion which successfully correlated with tolerance time in these experiments. Sudomotor activity in heat was inhibited by prior body cooling. It is postulated that the onset of sweating is due to a gradient effect, not to either peripheral or central control. Submitted on October 5, 1960

scholarly journals The Physiology of Contractile Vacuoles

1934 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-381
Author(s):  
J. A. KITCHING
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Contractile Vacuole ◽  
Body Volume ◽  
Water Value ◽  
Contractile Vacuoles ◽  
Sustained Increase

1. The rate of output of fluid from the contractile vacuole of a fresh-water Peritrich Ciliate was decreased to a new steady value immediately the organism was placed in a mixture of tap water and sea water. The rate of output returned to its original value immediately the organism was replaced in tap water. The contractile vacuole was stopped when the organism was treated with a mixture containing more than 12 per cent, of sea water. 2. Transference of various species of marine Peritricha from 100 per cent, sea water to mixtures of sea water and tap water led to an immediate increase of the body volume to a new and generally steady value. Return of the organism to 100 per cent, sea water led to an immediate decrease of the body volume to its original value or less. 3. Marine Peritricha showed little change in rate of output when treated with concentrations of sea water between 100 and 75 per cent. In more dilute mixtures the rate of output was immediately increased, and then generally fell off slightly to a new steady value which was still considerably above the original (100 per cent. sea water) value. The maximum sustained increase was approximately x 80. Return of the organism to 100 per cent, sea water led to an immediate return of the rate of output to approximately its original value. 4. When individuals of some marine species were placed in very dilute concentrations of sea water, the pellicle was frequently raised up in blisters by the formation of drops of fluid underneath it, and the contractile vacuole stopped. 5. Evidence is brought forward to suggest that in the lower concentrations of sea water marine forms lost salts. 6. The contractile vacuole probably acts as an osmotic controller in fresh-water Protozoa. Its function in those marine Protozoa in which it occurs remains obscure.

scholarly journals Application of carbon dioxide to the skin and muscle oxygenation of human lower-limb muscle sites during cold water immersion

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9785
Author(s):  
Miho Yoshimura ◽  
Tatsuya Hojo ◽  
Hayato Yamamoto ◽  
Misato Tachibana ◽  
Masatoshi Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Muscle Oxygenation ◽  
Concentration Changes

Background Cold therapy has the disadvantage of inducing vasoconstriction in arterial and venous capillaries. The effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) hot water depend mainly on not only cutaneous vasodilation but also muscle vasodilation. We examined the effects of artificial CO2 cold water immersion (CCWI) on skin oxygenation and muscle oxygenation and the immersed skin temperature. Subjects and Methods Fifteen healthy young males participated. CO2-rich water containing CO2 >1,150 ppm was prepared using a micro-bubble device. Each subject’s single leg was immersed up to the knee in the CO2-rich water (20 °C) for 15 min, followed by a 20-min recovery period. As a control study, a leg of the subject was immersed in cold tap-water at 20 °C (CWI). The skin temperature at the lower leg under water immersion (Tsk-WI) and the subject’s thermal sensation at the immersed and non-immersed lower legs were measured throughout the experiment. We simultaneously measured the relative changes of local muscle oxygenation/deoxygenation compared to the basal values (Δoxy[Hb+Mb], Δdeoxy[Hb+Mb], and Δtotal[Hb+Mb]) at rest, which reflected the blood flow in the muscle, and we measured the tissue O2 saturation (StO2) by near-infrared spectroscopy on two regions of the tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius (GAS) muscles. Results Compared to the CWI results, the Δoxy[Hb+Mb] and Δtotal[Hb+Mb] in the TA muscle at CCWI were increased and continued at a steady state during the recovery period. In GAS muscle, the Δtotal[Hb+Mb] and Δdeoxy[Hb+Mb] were increased during CCWI compared to CWI. Notably, StO2values in both TA and GAS muscles were significantly increased during CCWI compared to CWI. In addition, compared to the CWI, a significant decrease in Tsk at the immersed leg after the CCWI was maintained until the end of the 20-min recovery, and the significant reduction continued. Discussion The combination of CO2 and cold water can induce both more increased blood inflow into muscles and volume-related (total heme concentration) changes in deoxy[Hb+Mb] during the recovery period. The Tsk-WI stayed lower with the CCWI compared to the CWI, as it is associated with vasodilation by CO2.

Artificially lowering the body temperature of warm-blooded animals

1930 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-107
Author(s):  
I. V. Puchkov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Suspended Animation ◽  
Medical Societies ◽  
Warm Blooded Animal ◽  
Unstable Temperature

Meetings of medical societies. Society of Physicians at Kazan University.Anatomical and physiological section.Meeting on December 10, 1929 The speaker repeated Bakhmetyev's experiments with suspended animation and found that any anesthesia, and not just carbon dioxide, turns a warm-blooded animal into an animal with an unstable temperature.

THE INFLUENCE OF BODY TEMPERATURE ON CESTODE INFECTION IN FRESHWATER FISH, MASTACEMBELUS ARMATUS

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
REETESH KUMAR KHARE
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Host Fish ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Water Fish ◽  
Mastacembelus Armatus

The present investigation deals with the study of cestode host relationship in a fresh water fish, Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepede) in relation to the body temperature of the host. The maximum prevalence, mean intensity and relative density were recorded in the host fish ranging from 26-31°C and lowest at 32- 370C body temperature respectively . The fishes at 20-250C body temperature had no infection of cestode parasites.

Theoretical Predictions of Body Tissue and Blood Temperature During Cold Water Immersion Using a Whole Body Model

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anup K. Paul ◽  
Swarup A. Zachariah ◽  
Liang Zhu ◽  
Rupak K. Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Body Tissue ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Blood Temperature

Understanding the thermal response of the human body under various environmental and thermal stress conditions is of growing importance. Calculation of the core body temperature and the survivability of the body during immersion in cold water require detailed modeling of both the body tissue and the time-dependent blood temperature. Predicting body temperature changes under cold stress conditions is considered challenging since factors like thickness of the skin and blood perfusion within the skin layer become influential. Hence, the aim of this research was to demonstrate the capability of a recently developed whole body heat transfer model that simulates the tissue-blood interaction to predict the cooling of the body during immersion in cold water. It was shown that computed drop in core temperature agrees within 0.57 °C of the results calculated using a detailed network model. The predicted survival time in 0 °C water was less than an hour whereas in 18.5 °C water, the body attained a relatively stable core temperature of 34 °C in 2.5 hours.

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