scholarly journals Gut microbiota-derived inosine from dietary barley leaf supplementation attenuates colitis through PPARγ signaling activation

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daotong Li ◽  
Yu Feng ◽  
Meiling Tian ◽  
Junfu Ji ◽  
Xiaosong Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Intestinal Homeostasis ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Barrier Functions ◽  
Barley Leaf ◽  
Purine Metabolite ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Abstract Background Ulcerative colitis is a type of chronic inflammatory bowel disease closely associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal homeostasis dysregulation. Barley leaf (BL) has a long history of use in Traditional Chinese Medicine with potential health-promoting effects on intestinal functions. However, its mechanism of action is not yet clear. Here, we explore the potential modulating roles of gut microbial metabolites of BL to protect against colitis and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results Using 16S rRNA gene-based microbiota analysis, we first found that dietary supplementation of BL ameliorated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis. The mechanisms by which BL protected against DSS-induced colitis were resulted from improved intestinal mucosal barrier functions via the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ signaling. In addition, metabolomic profiling analysis showed that the gut microbiota modulated BL-induced metabolic reprograming in the colonic tissues particularly by the enhancement of glycolysis process. Notably, dietary BL supplementation resulted in the enrichment of microbiota-derived purine metabolite inosine, which could activate PPARγ signaling in human colon epithelial cells. Furthermore, exogenous treatment of inosine reproduced similar protective effects as BL to protect against DSS-induced colitis through improving adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR)/PPARγ-dependent mucosal barrier functions. Conclusions Overall, our findings suggest that the gut microbiota-inosine-A2AR/PPARγ axis plays an important role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, which may represent a novel approach for colitis prevention via manipulation of the gut microbial purine metabolite.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota-Derived Inosine From Dietary Barley Leaf Supplementation Attenuates Colitis Through PPARγ Signaling Activation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daotong Li ◽  
Yu Feng ◽  
Meiling Tian ◽  
Junfu Ji ◽  
Xiaosong Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Intestinal Homeostasis ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Barrier Functions ◽  
Barley Leaf ◽  
Purine Metabolite ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Abstract Background Ulcerative colitis is a type of chronic inflammatory bowel disease closely associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal homeostasis dysregulation. Barley leaf (BL) has a long history of use in Traditional Chinese Medicine with potential health-promoting effects on intestinal functions. However, its mechanism of action is not yet clear. Here, we explore the potential modulating roles of gut microbial metabolites of BL to protect against colitis and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results Using 16S rRNA gene-based microbiota analysis, we first found that dietary supplementation of BL ameliorated dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis. The mechanisms by which BL protected against DSS-induced colitis were resulted from improved intestinal mucosal barrier functions via the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ signaling. In addition, metabolomic profiling analysis showed that the gut microbiota modulated BL-induced metabolic reprograming in the colonic tissues particularly by the enhancement of glycolysis process. Notably, dietary BL supplementation resulted in enrichment of microbiota-derived purine metabolite inosine, which could activate PPARγ signaling in human colon epithelial cells. Furthermore, exogenous treatment of inosine reproduced the similar protective effects as BL to protect against DSS-induced colitis through improving adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR)/PPARγ-dependent mucosal barrier functions. Conclusions Overall, our findings suggest that the gut microbiota-inosine-A2AR/PPARγ axis plays an important role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, which may represent a novel approach for colitis prevention via manipulation of the gut microbial purine metabolite.

scholarly journals Silicon dioxide nanoparticles induced neurobehavioral impairments by disrupting microbiota–gut–brain axis

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Diao ◽  
Yinyin Xia ◽  
Xuejun Jiang ◽  
Jingfu Qiu ◽  
Shuqun Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Tissue Integrity

Abstract Background Silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) are widely used as additive in the food industry with controversial health risk. Gut microbiota is a new and hot topic in the field of nanotoxicity. It also contributes a novel and insightful view to understand the potential health risk of food-grade SiO2NPs in children, who are susceptible to the toxic effects of nanoparticles. Methods In current study, the young mice were orally administrated with vehicle or SiO2NPs solution for 28 days. The effects of SiO2NPs on the gut microbiota were detected by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing, and the neurobehavioral functions were evaluated by open field test and Morris water maze. The level of inflammation, tissue integrity of gut and the classical indicators involved in gut–brain, gut–liver and gut–lung axis were all assessed. Results Our results demonstrated that SiO2NPs significantly caused the spatial learning and memory impairments and locomotor inhibition. Although SiO2NPs did not trigger evident intestinal or neuronal inflammation, they remarkably damaged the tissue integrity. The microbial diversity within the gut was unexpectedly enhanced in SiO2NPs-treated mice, mainly manifested by the increased abundances of Firmicutes and Patescibacteria. Intriguingly, we demonstrated for the first time that the neurobehavioral impairments and brain damages induced by SiO2NPs might be distinctively associated with the disruption of gut–brain axis by specific chemical substances originated from gut, such as Vipr1 and Sstr2. Unapparent changes in liver or lung tissues further suggested the absence of gut–liver axis or gut–lung axis regulation upon oral SiO2NPs exposure. Conclusion This study provides a novel idea that the SiO2NPs induced neurotoxic effects may occur through distinctive gut–brain axis, showing no significant impact on either gut–lung axis or gut–liver axis. These findings raise the exciting prospect that maintenance and coordination of gastrointestinal functions may be critical for protection against the neurotoxicity of infant foodborne SiO2NPs.

scholarly journals Alteration of the gut microbiota associated with childhood obesity by 16S rRNA gene sequencing

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Chen ◽  
Haixiang Sun ◽  
Fei Jiang ◽  
Yan Shen ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Normal Weight Group ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Background Obesity is a global epidemic in the industrialized and developing world, and many children suffer from obesity-related complications. Gut microbiota dysbiosis might have significant effect on the development of obesity. The microbiota continues to develop through childhood and thus childhood may be the prime time for microbiota interventions to realize health promotion or disease prevention. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the structure and function of pediatric gut microbiota. Methods According to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, twenty-three normal weight and twenty-eight obese children were recruited from Nanjing, China. Genomic DNA was extracted from fecal samples. The V4 region of the bacterial 16S rDNA was amplified by PCR, and sequencing was applied to analyze the gut microbiota diversity and composition using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. Results The number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) showed a decrease in the diversity of gut microbiota with increasing body weight. The alpha diversity indices showed that the normal weight group had higher abundance and observed species than the obese group (Chao1: P < 0.001; observed species: P < 0.001; PD whole tree: P < 0.001; Shannon index: P = 0.008). Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed significant differences in gut microbial community structure between the normal weight group and the obese group. The liner discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis showed that fifty-five species of bacteria were abundant in the fecal samples of the normal weight group and forty-five species of bacteria were abundant in the obese group. In regard to phyla, the gut microbiota in the obese group had lower proportions of Bacteroidetes (51.35%) compared to the normal weight group (55.48%) (P = 0.030). There was no statistical difference in Firmicutes between the two groups (P = 0.436), and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes between the two groups had no statistical difference (P = 0.983). At the genus level, Faecalibacterium, Phascolarctobacterium, Lachnospira, Megamonas, and Haemophilus were significantly more abundant in the obese group than in the normal weight group (P = 0.048, P = 0.018, P < 0.001, P = 0.040, and P = 0.003, respectively). The fecal microbiota of children in the obese group had lower proportions of Oscillospira and Dialister compared to the normal weight group (P = 0.002 and P = 0.002, respectively). Conclusions Our results showed a decrease in gut microbiota abundance and diversity as the BMI increased. Variations in the bacterial community structure were associated with obesity. Gut microbiota dysbiosis might play a crucial part in the development of obesity in Chinese children.

Ganoderma applanatum polysaccharides and ethanol extracts promote the recovery of colitis through intestinal barrier protection and gut microbiota modulations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miaoyu Li ◽  
Leilei Yu ◽  
Qixiao Zhai ◽  
Bingshu Liu ◽  
Jianxin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Homeostasis ◽  
Ganoderma Applanatum ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with intestinal homeostasis dysregulation and gut microbiota dysbiosis. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Ganoderma applanatum extracts (G. applanatum polysaccharides (GAP) and...

Sarcodon aspratus polysaccharides ameliorated obesity-induced metabolic disorders and modulated gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice fed a high-fat diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 2588-2602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Chen ◽  
Jiaojiao Liu ◽  
Chenchen Yan ◽  
Chan Zhang ◽  
Wenjuan Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

The polysaccharides isolated from the fruit body of S. aspratus (SATPs) might be a potential health supplement or prebiotic in the prevention of obesity and associated metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Meta-analysis To Define a Core Microbiota in the Swine Gut

mSystems ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin B. Holman ◽  
Brian W. Brunelle ◽  
Julian Trachsel ◽  
Heather K. Allen
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Core Microbiota ◽  
Composition And Structure

ABSTRACT The results of this meta-analysis demonstrate that “study” and GI sample location are the most significant factors in shaping the swine gut microbiota. However, in comparisons of results from different studies, some biological factors may be obscured by technical variation among studies. Nonetheless, there are some bacterial taxa that appear to form a core microbiota within the swine GI tract regardless of country of origin, diet, age, or breed. Thus, these results provide the framework for future studies to manipulate the swine gut microbiota for potential health benefits. The swine gut microbiota encompasses a large and diverse population of bacteria that play a significant role in pig health. As such, a number of recent studies have utilized high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to characterize the composition and structure of the swine gut microbiota, often in response to dietary feed additives. It is important to determine which factors shape the composition of the gut microbiota among multiple studies and if certain bacteria are always present in the gut microbiota of swine, independently of study variables such as country of origin and experimental design. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis using 20 publically available data sets from high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequence studies of the swine gut microbiota. Next to the “study” itself, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract section that was sampled had the greatest effect on the composition and structure of the swine gut microbiota (P = 0.0001). Technical variation among studies, particularly the 16S rRNA gene hypervariable region sequenced, also significantly affected the composition of the swine gut microbiota (P = 0.0001). Despite this, numerous commonalities were discovered. Among fecal samples, the genera Prevotella, Clostridium, Alloprevotella, and Ruminococcus and the RC9 gut group were found in 99% of all fecal samples. Additionally, Clostridium, Blautia, Lactobacillus, Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Roseburia, the RC9 gut group, and Subdoligranulum were shared by >90% of all GI samples, suggesting a so-called “core” microbiota for commercial swine worldwide. IMPORTANCE The results of this meta-analysis demonstrate that “study” and GI sample location are the most significant factors in shaping the swine gut microbiota. However, in comparisons of results from different studies, some biological factors may be obscured by technical variation among studies. Nonetheless, there are some bacterial taxa that appear to form a core microbiota within the swine GI tract regardless of country of origin, diet, age, or breed. Thus, these results provide the framework for future studies to manipulate the swine gut microbiota for potential health benefits.

scholarly journals Dietary Acrylamide Intake Alters Gut Microbiota in Mice and Increases Its Susceptibility to Salmonella Typhimurium Infection

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2990
Author(s):  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Hongxu Liu ◽  
Jiaxiu Liu ◽  
Xiaomeng Ren ◽  
Guoku Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Enteric Infection ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Toxicological Effects

Acrylamide (AA) has been extensively examined for its potential toxicological effects on humans and animals, but its impacts on gut microbiota and effects on hosts’ susceptibility to enteric infection remain elusive. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of AA on gut microbiota of mice and susceptibility of mice to S. Typhimurium infection. After four weeks’ intervention, mice fed with AA exhibited significantly decreased body weight. Meanwhile, 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed reduced relative abundance of Firmicutes and increased abundance of Bacteroidetes in AA-treated mice prior to infection. In addition, we observed high relative abundance of Burkholderiales and Erysipelotrichales, more specifically the genus Sutterella and Allobaculum, respectively, in AA-treated mice before infection. Subsequently, the mice were orally infected with S. Typhimurium. The histological changes, systemic dissemination of S. Typhimurium, and inflammatory responses were examined. Compared to mice fed with normal diet, mice fed AA exhibited higher level of bacterial counts in liver, spleen, and ileum, which was consistent with exacerbated tissue damage determined by histological analyses. In addition, higher expression of pro-inflammaroty cytokines, p-IκBα, and p-P65 and lower mRNA expressions of mucin2, occludin, zo-1, claudin-1, and E-cadherin were detected in AA-treated mice. These findings provide novel insights into the potential health impact of AA consumption and the detailed mechanism for its effect on S. Typhimurium infection merit further exploration.

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