scholarly journals Rebuild of the Bulletin of the International Seismological Centre (ISC)—part 2: 1980–2010

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Storchak ◽  
James Harris ◽  
Lonn Brown ◽  
Kathrin Lieser ◽  
Blessing Shumba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Model ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Conservative Approach ◽  
Fundamental Change ◽  
Earthquake Parameters ◽  
Seismic Stations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
International Seismological Centre

Abstract The Bulletin of the International Seismological Centre (ISC) remains in demand for a wide range of geophysical studies. Users of the ISC Bulletin benefit from its long-term coverage, the most comprehensive set of measurements from the majority of permanent seismic stations and networks, and homogeneity of included parameters of earthquakes and other seismic events worldwide. Despite a reasonably conservative approach in preserving the operational procedures, changes are inevitable in order to achieve the best possible accuracy of published earthquake parameters. The last fundamental change in procedures has fully affected the data for years 2011 and beyond (Bondár and Storchak in Geophys J Int 186: 1220-1244, 2011). This is why it was decided to rebuild the earlier part (1964–2010) of the ISC Bulletin to achieve compatibility in earthquake hypocentres and magnitudes through its entire period. The first article on this project (Storchak et al. in Geosci Lett 4: 32, 2017) covered the period from 1964 to 1979, as it was publicly released. This article covers the remaining period from 1980 to 2010 with all seismic events re-processed and re-located in line with the modern ISC procedures, with ~ 489,000 new events, ~ 2600 new stations, ~15.5 million new seismic arrivals, and more robust and reliable mb and MS magnitude evaluations. We give statistics of departures in epicentre location and depth between the original and rebuilt ISC hypocentres. We also provide a summary for the entire rebuilt period (1964–2010). We give a brief account of events deleted from and added to the Bulletin, based on additional reports from permanent and temporary seismic deployments. We explain that newly re-computed (rebuilt) mb is on average larger that the original mb by 0.05 unit of magnitude. The rebuilt MS is only 0.01 unit larger that its predecessor. We announce that the entire reviewed part of the ISC Bulletin (1964–2017) is now based on the same velocity model, ak135, and the same earthquake location and magnitude computation procedures. Finally, we provide advice on how to obtain the original ISC Bulletin data, where necessary.

scholarly journals Obtaining reliable source locations with time reverse imaging: limits to array design, velocity models and signal-to-noise ratios

Solid Earth ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1487-1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Werner ◽  
Erik H. Saenger
Keyword(s):  
Standard Technique ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Complex Velocity ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Velocity Models ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reliable Source

Abstract. Time reverse imaging (TRI) is evolving into a standard technique for locating and characterising seismic events. In recent years, TRI has been employed for a wide range of applications from the lab scale, to the field scale and up to the global scale. No identification of events or their onset times is necessary when locating events with TRI; therefore, it is especially suited for locating quasi-simultaneous events and events with a low signal-to-noise ratio. However, in contrast to more regularly applied localisation methods, the prerequisites for applying TRI are not sufficiently known.To investigate the significance of station distributions, complex velocity models and signal-to-noise ratios with respect to location accuracy, numerous simulations were performed using a finite difference code to propagate elastic waves through three-dimensional models. Synthetic seismograms were reversed in time and reinserted into the model. The time-reversed wave field back propagates through the model and, in theory, focuses at the source location. This focusing was visualised using imaging conditions. Additionally, artificial focusing spots were removed using an illumination map specific to the set-up. Successful locations were sorted into four categories depending on their reliability. Consequently, individual simulation set-ups could be evaluated by their ability to produce reliable source locations.Optimal inter-station distances, minimum apertures, relations between the array and source locations, heterogeneities of inter-station distances and the total number of stations were investigated for different source depths and source types. Additionally, the accuracy of the locations was analysed when using a complex velocity model or a low signal-to-noise ratio.Finally, an array in southern California was investigated regarding its ability to locate seismic events at specific target depths while using the actual velocity model for that region. In addition, the success rate with recorded data was estimated.Knowledge about the prerequisites for using TRI enables the estimation of success rates for a given problem. Furthermore, it reduces the time needed to adjust stations to achieve more reliable locations and provides a foundation for designing arrays for applying TRI.

scholarly journals Seismic impact of variously distant earthquakes upon the territory of Belarus

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
Gennadii Aronov
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Local Seismicity ◽  
Seismic Stations ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Seismic Impact ◽  
Southern Greece

The control of the geological environment is one of the most important tasks of the seismological monitoring in the territory of Belarus. The seismological monitoring in Belarus is carried out with a system of continuous round-the-clock computer-aided observations of the seismic events of natural and artificial origin in a wide range of distances and energies. The major task of the seismic environment observation network in the territory of Belarus is recording of the distant, regional, and local seismic events. Since 1966 till the present, the environmental monitoring network of the seismic stations located within the territory of Belarus recorded 60,876 seismic events in various regions of the Earth. The data obtained from strong distant, regional and local seismic events recorded by the seismic stations were analyzed, and the intensity of the seismic impact of the recorded earthquakes upon the studied territory was calculated using the N.V. Shebalin’s formula. The results of investigations performed were used to assess the seismic impact upon the territory of Belarus. A catastrophic earthquake that occurred in the Northern Sumatra western coasts in December 26, 2004, should be mentioned first among the largest earthquakes of the Earth that exerted the strongest impact upon the studied territory. An earthquake in southern Greece on January 8, 2006, and the second one in Turkey on October 23, 2011, are the events that should be mentioned among the strongest earthquakes of Europe and its adjacent areas which impact was important for the territory under study. An earthquake in Rumania on September 23, 2016, was one of the regional earthquakes that had a strong influence on the territory of Belarus. The results of the quantitative assessment of the ground shaking from earthquakes differently distant from the territory of Belarus are used for upgrading maps of the general and local seismicity, as well as for solving several other scientific and applied problems.

scholarly journals The present-day seismicity of the White Sea region

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-51
Author(s):  
A. N. Morozov ◽  
N. V. Vaganova ◽  
V. E. Asming ◽  
A. A. Nikonov ◽  
N. V. Sharov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Sea ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
Earthquake Catalog ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
Earthquake Parameters ◽  
Seismic Stations ◽  
Nuclear Explosions ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Northern European Russia

A revised earthquake catalog has been compiled for the White Sea region for the period between 2005 and 2016. The earthquake parameters were revised using a single velocity model (BARENTS), a single methodological approach (Generalized Beamforming), and all available raw data and bulletins of Russian and foreign seismic stations. The location of two nuclear explosions detonated on July 18, 1985 and September 6, 1988 in northern European Russia for civilian purposes showed that the algorithm for calculating hypocenter parameters combined with the BARENTS velocity model is an effective tool. The resulting earthquake catalog enabled us to reveal the leading patterns in the distribution of recent seismicity in the White Sea region.

scholarly journals SAKHALIN

2020 ◽  
pp. 152-161
Author(s):  
T. Fokina ◽  
D. Safonov ◽  
D. Kostylev ◽  
V. Mikhaylov
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Focal Mechanisms ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Regional Network ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
Seismic Regime ◽  
Seismic Stations ◽  
Macroseismic Effect

A review of the Sakhalin seismicity in 2014 based on the data of regional network is given. The network included four stationary and ten temporary digital seismic stations. This network was supported by ten stations of local network operating in the south of Sakhalin. Parameters of 450 seismic events, including 25 explosions, and focal mechanisms for 4 events are determined. 22 earthquakes had a macroseismic effect. The map of earthquake completeness and the map of epicenters are given. The distribution of crust and deep earthquakes on magnitude and their summarized energy for seven seismoactive areas in comparison with average parameters for 2001–2013 are presented. For each area and the region as a whole, an analysis of the seismic regime parameters in 2014 in comparison with long-term parameters is given, tangible and strong earthquakes are described. The seismicity of the Sakhalin region in 2014 can be characterized as a moderate one. Somewhat increased seismic activity was recorded in the East Sakhalin and Southeastern areas.

scholarly journals The present-day seismicity of the White Sea region

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-51
Author(s):  
A. N. Morozov ◽  
N. V. Vaganova ◽  
V. E. Asming ◽  
A. A. Nikonov ◽  
N. V. Sharov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Sea ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
Earthquake Catalog ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
Earthquake Parameters ◽  
Seismic Stations ◽  
Nuclear Explosions ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Northern European Russia

A revised earthquake catalog has been compiled for the White Sea region for the period between 2005 and 2016. The earthquake parameters were revised using a single velocity model (BARENTS), a single methodological approach (Generalized Beamforming), and all available raw data and bulletins of Russian and foreign seismic stations. The location of two nuclear explosions detonated on July 18, 1985 and September 6, 1988 in northern European Russia for civilian purposes showed that the algorithm for calculating hypocenter parameters combined with the BARENTS velocity model is an effective tool. The resulting earthquake catalog enabled us to reveal the leading patterns in the distribution of recent seismicity in the White Sea region.

scholarly journals Obtaining reliable localizations with Time Reverse Imaging: limits to array design, velocity models and signal-to-noise ratios

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Werner ◽  
Erik H. Saenger
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
Source Location ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Complex Velocity ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Velocity Models ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Noise Ratio

Abstract. Time Reverse Imaging (TRI) is evolving into a standard technique for localizing and characterizing seismic events. In recent years, TRI has been applied to a wide range of applications from the lab scale over the field scale up to the global scale. No identification of events and their onset times is necessary when localizing events with TRI. Therefore, it is especially suited for localizing quasi-simultaneous events and events with a low signal-to-noise ratio. However, in contrast to more regularly applied localization methods, the prerequisites for applying TRI are not sufficiently known. To investigate the significance of station distributions, complex velocity models and signal-to-noise ratios for the localization quality, numerous simulations were performed using a finite difference code to propagate elastic waves through three-dimensional models. Synthetic seismograms were reversed in time and re-inserted into the model. The time-reversed wavefield backpropagates through the model and, in theory, focuses at the source location. This focusing was visualized using imaging conditions. Additionally, artificial focusing spots were removed with an illumination map specific to the setup. Successful localizations were sorted into four categories depending on their reliability. Consequently, individual simulation setups could be evaluated by their ability to produce reliable localizations. Optimal inter-station distances, minimum apertures, relations between array and source location, heterogeneities of inter-station distances and total number of stations were investigated for different source depth as well as source types. Additionally, the quality of the localization was analysed when using a complex velocity model or a low signal-to-noise ratio. Finally, an array in Southern California was investigated for its ability to localize seismic events in specific target depths while using the actual velocity model for that region. In addition, the success rate with recorded data was estimated. Knowledge about the prerequisites for using TRI enables the estimation of success rates for a given problem. Furthermore, it reduces the time needed for adjusting stations to achieve more reliable localizations and provides a foundation for designing arrays for applying TRI.

Modern prevention and active longevity programs on the basis of disruptive domestic technologies: positive experience and prospects for application

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
A. Simonova ◽  
S. Chudakov ◽  
R. Gorenkov ◽  
V. Egorov ◽  
A. Gostry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Positive Experience ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Integrated Program ◽  
Long Term Experience ◽  
Early Detection And Prevention

The article summarizes the long-term experience of practical application of domestic breakthrough technologies of preventive personalized medicine for laboratory diagnostics of a wide range of socially significant non-infectious diseases. Conceptual approaches to the formation of an integrated program for early detection and prevention of civilization diseases based on these technologies are given. A vision of the prospects for the development of this area in domestic and foreign medicine has been formed.

To the 70th anniversary of World Meteorological Organization. Scientific and technical cooperation of Hydrometeorological Center of the USSR/Russia in the Programs of World Meteorological Organization

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-138
Author(s):  
S.V. Borshch ◽  
◽  
R.M. Vil’fand ◽  
D.B. Kiktev ◽  
V.M. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
World Meteorological Organization ◽  
70Th Anniversary ◽  
Technical Level ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
Wide Range

The paper presents the summary and results of long-term and multi-faceted experience of international scientific and technical cooperation of Hydrometeorological Center of Russia in the field of hydrometeorology and environmental monitoring within the framework of WMO programs, which indicates its high efficiency in performing a wide range of works at a high scientific and technical level. Keywords: World Meteorological Organization, major WMO programs, representatives of Hydrometeorological Center of Russia in WMO

Research on the Economic Organization Environmental Impact

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-601
Author(s):  
Dan Paul Stefanescu ◽  
Oana Roxana Chivu ◽  
Claudiu Babis ◽  
Augustin Semenescu ◽  
Alina Gligor
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Organization ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Material Environment ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Harmful Effects

Any economic activity carried out by an organization, can generate a wide range of environmental implications. Particularly important, must be considered the activities that have a significant negative effect on the environment, meaning those which pollute. Being known the harmful effects of pollution on the human health, the paper presents two models of utmost importance, one of the material environment-economy interactions balance and the other of the material flows between environmental factors and socio-economic activities. The study of these models enable specific conditions that must be satisfied for the economic processes friendly coexist to the environment for long term, meaning to have a minimal impact in that the residues resulting from the economic activity of the organization to be as less harmful to the environment.

Long-term Effects of Triazol Growth Regulators on Stem Elongation of Rhododendron and Kalmia

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 436E-436
Author(s):  
Martin P.N. Gent
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Response Coefficient ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Second Year

The persistence of effects of paclobutrazol or uniconazol on stem elongation was determined for several years after large-leaf Rhododendron and Kalmia latifolia were treated with a single-spray application of these triazol growth-regulator chemicals. Potted plants were treated in the second year from propagation, and transplanted into the field in the following spring. The elongation of stems was measured in the year of application and in the following 2 to 4 years. Treatments with a wide range of doses were applied in 1991, 1992, or 1995. For all except the most-dilute applications, stem elongation was retarded in the year following application. At the highest doses, stem growth was inhibited 2 years following application. The results could be explained by a model of growth regulator action that assumed stem elongation was inversely related to amount of growth regulator applied. The dose response coefficient for paclobutrazol was less than that for uniconazol. The dose that inhibited stem elongation one-half as much as a saturating dose was about 0.5 and 0.05 mg/plant, for paclobutrazol and uniconazol, respectively. The dose response coefficient decreased exponentially with time after application, with an exponential time constant of about 2/year. The model predicted a dose of growth regulator that inhibited 0.9 of stem elongation immediately after application would continue to inhibit 0.5 of stem elongation in the following year.

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