A cross sectional study of non-medical use of prescription opioids and suicidal behaviors among adolescents

Abstract Background Non-medical use of prescription opioids (NMUPO), defined as taking an opioid in a manner or dose other than prescribed, taking someone else’s, or for the feelings that it produces, has been reported by 5 to 20% of adolescents, and is associated with a two fold increase in suicidal behaviors among adolescents. Adolescents with long-term health problems (LTHP) have poorer mental health and may seek NMUPO for pain relief that is not obtained through standard care. For this study, we measured the association between NMUPO and suicidal behaviors, and further assessed effect modification by LTHP hypothesizing the association between NMUPO and suicidal behaviors was stronger for adolescents with LTHP. Findings For students with LTHP, 13.5% reported suicide ideation, while 8.0% of students without LTHP reported suicide ideation. For suicide attempt, 4.4% of students with LTHP reported a suicide attempt, while 2.1% of students without LTHP reported a suicide attempt. The proportion of students who reported suicide ideation and attempts increased with higher occasions of NMUPO. Adjusted logistic regression models found increased odds of suicide ideation (OR (95% CI): 1–5 occasions: 2.3 (2.0–2.6); > 6 occasions: 2.7 (2.2–3.8)) and suicide attempts (OR (95% CI): 1–5 occasions: 3.2 (2.7–3.7); > 6 occasions: 4.1 (3.1–5.3)) for students who reported NMUPO. An interaction term for NMUPO and LTHP was then added to the models. Effect modification was not present on the multiplicative scale. On the additive scale, evidence of effect modification was observed: higher risk was indicated for students with LTHP versus no LTHP for both suicide ideation (Predicted risk (95%CI): > 6 occasions NMUPO, LTHP: 0.24 (0.18–0.29); No LTHP: 0.16 (0.13–0.18)) and attempt (Predicted risk (95%CI): 1–5 occasions NMUPO, LTHP: 0.08 (0.07–0.10); No LTHP: 0.05 (0.05–0.06); > 6 occasions NMUPO, LTHP: 0.11 (0.07–0.15); No LTHP: 0.06 (0.05–0.08)). Conclusions The results affirmed that NMUPO is associated with suicidal behaviors among adolescents. A pattern also emerged of higher risk of suicidal behaviors for those with LTHP who reported NMUPO. Areas of further inquiry should explore chronic medical or pain conditions as possible modifying pathways that could exacerbate the effects of NMUPO on suicidal behaviors specific to an adolescent population.

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Repetitive negative thinking about suicide: Associations with lifetime suicide attempts

Clinical Psychology in Europe ◽

10.32872/cpe.5579 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Tobias Teismann ◽

Thomas Forkmann ◽

Johannes Michalak ◽

Julia Brailovskaia

Keyword(s):

Suicide Attempt ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Suicide Ideation ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Repetitive Negative Thinking ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Suicide Attempters ◽

Negative Thinking

Background Repetitive negative thinking has been identified as an important predictor of suicide ideation and suicidal behavior. Yet, only few studies have investigated the effect of suicide-specific rumination, i.e., repetitive thinking about death and/or suicide on suicide attempt history. On this background, the present study investigated, whether suicide-specific rumination differentiates between suicide attempters and suicide ideators, is predictive of suicide attempt history and mediates the association between suicide ideation and suicide attempts. Method A total of 257 participants with a history of suicide ideation (55.6% female; Age M = 30.56, Age SD = 11.23, range: 18–73 years) completed online measures on suicidality, general and suicide-specific rumination. Results Suicide-specific rumination differentiated suicide attempters from suicide ideators, predicted suicide attempt status (above age, gender, suicide ideation, general rumination) and fully mediated the association between suicide ideation and lifetime suicide attempts. Conclusion Overall, though limited by the use of a non-clinical sample and a cross-sectional study design, the present results suggest that suicide-specific rumination might be a factor of central relevance in understanding transitions to suicidal behavior.

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Correlates of Suicidal Ideation and/or Behavior in Bariatric-Surgery-Seeking Individuals With Severe Obesity

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000115 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 137-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

E. Y. Chen ◽

K. C. Fettich ◽

M. S. McCloskey

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Suicide Attempt ◽

Severe Obesity ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Related Stigma ◽

Severely Obese ◽

And Control

Background: Approximately 10% of severely obese bariatric-surgery-seeking individuals report a lifetime history of suicide attempts, a higher rate than in the general community. Being overweight is associated with weight-related stigma, making an individual more vulnerable to social isolation, a potential risk factor for suicidal ideation and/or behavior. Aims: In this cross-sectional study of surgery-seeking adults with severe obesity, we examined whether weight-related stigma increases (1) the likelihood of suicidal ideation and/or behavior or (2) the degree of loneliness; and whether hypotheses (1) and (2) are supported (3) if loneliness mediates the effect of weight-related stigma on suicidal ideation and/or behavior. Methods: Online questionnaires were administered to 301 women and 95 men seeking bariatric surgery. Results: Approximately 30.3% reported having at least a passing thought of suicide, and 5.55% a suicide attempt during their lifetime. The suicide attempt rate appears lower than other bariatric surgery samples, but possibly higher than community and other surgery sample rates. For severely obese surgery-seeking women, weight-related stigma was associated with suicidal ideation and/or behavior, though this was not mediated by loneliness. Conclusions: Future studies are needed to model and compare suicidal ideation and/or behavior in bariatric-surgery-seeking individuals and control groups.

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Does bullying predict suicidal behaviors among in-school adolescents? A cross-sectional finding from Tanzania as an example of a low-income country

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-019-2402-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Festo K. Shayo ◽

Paul S. Lawala

Keyword(s):

Suicide Attempt ◽

Mental Health Professionals ◽

Low Income ◽

Suicide Ideation ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Suicidal Behaviors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Being Bullied

Abstract Background Bullying and suicidal behaviors are a silent public health problem among adolescents. Little is known about the link between bullying and suicidal behaviors in low-income countries such as Tanzania. In the current study, we estimated the prevalence of being bullied and determined its association with suicidal behaviors among in-school adolescents. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of the Tanzania Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) conducted in 2014. This was the first nationally representative survey conducted to a sample of 3793 in-school adolescents. The primary independent variable was being bullied, while the outcome variables of interest were suicide ideation and suicide attempt. We used a chi-square χ2 test for group variables comparisons and multivariate logistic regression for statistical associations between independent and outcome variables. In our analysis, a p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant at 95% confidence intervals. Results The prevalence of being bullied among 3793 surveyed in-school adolescents was 27.0%. In an adjusted multivariate regression model, being bullied was independently associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempt: [AOR; 1.9, 95% C.I; 1.5–2.4], and [AOR; 3.6, 95% C.I; 2.9–4.5] respectively, p < 0.001. Conclusions Bullying is prevalent and possibly a potential predictor of suicidal behaviors among in-school adolescents in Tanzania. There is a need for all educational stakeholders: teachers, parents, students, mental health professionals, and policymakers to design a program for mitigating the problem of bullying in schools.

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Suicidal Behaviors Among Adolescents – The Role of School and Home Environment

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000426 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 168-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hanan El-Sayed Badr

Keyword(s):

Suicide Ideation ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Weighting Factor ◽

Suicidal Behaviors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

School Based ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Mental Health Programs

Abstract. Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of suicidal behaviors (ideation, planning, and attempts) among adolescents aged 13–16, and to identify psychosocial correlates of suicidal behaviors. Method: The 2010 Kuwait Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) cross-sectional study employed a two-stage cluster sample design targeting a representative sample of 2,672 students. A weighting factor was applied to make inferences to all students of the same age. Students' suicidal behaviors were the focus of this paper. Results: The prevalence rates of suicide ideation, planning, and attempts were 20.0% (95% CI = 18.5–21.6%), 14.0% (95% CI = 12.7–15.4%), and 18.1% (95% CI = 16.6–19.5%), respectively. About 26% of adolescents reported at least one suicidal behavior, while 8.5% experienced all three suicidal behaviors. Multivariate analysis revealed that girls, smoking, physical violence, feeling lonely, exposure to bullying at school, and having nonempathetic parents were significant correlates of the experience of suicidal behaviors among adolescents. Moreover, suicidal ideation stood out as a predictor of attempting suicide more than suicidal planning in both the total population and separately by gender. Conclusion: The prevalence of suicidal behaviors was alarmingly high among Kuwaiti adolescents. Adverse school and home environments strongly contributed to such behaviors. School-based mental health programs are necessary to reduce these life-threatening behaviors in Kuwait.

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Association of firearm exposure during youth with lifetime incidence of suicide ideation and suicide attempts

10.21203/rs.3.rs-199622/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Craig J. Bryan ◽

AnnaBelle O. Bryan ◽

Michael D. Anestis

Keyword(s):

Suicide Attempt ◽

Suicide Ideation ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lifetime History ◽

Firearm Availability ◽

Childhood Home ◽

History Of ◽

Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

Abstract Background: Preliminary evidence suggests firearm availability may increase the risk for suicide ideation and attempts, two common precursors to suicide death. Little is known about which aspects of firearm availability may account for this association. The primary purpose of this study was to examine associations among multiple dimensions of firearm availability with lifetime history of suicide ideation and attempts.Methods: A cross-sectional, anonymous survey was administered to 6200 U.S. adults from March 5, 2020, to March 17, 2020. Participants were asked to report firearm availability, firearm use, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors over the lifespan. Results: Rates of lifetime suicide ideation were significantly elevated among participants reporting a firearm in their childhood home (odds ratio [OR]=1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.1-1.5). Rates of lifetime suicide attempt were significantly elevated among participants reporting a firearm in their childhood home (OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.5-2.2) and participants who first acquired a firearm before the age of 11 (OR=3.8, 95% CI=2.6-5.8). Among participant with a lifetime history of suicide ideation, rates of lifetime suicide attempt were significantly elevated among participants who first acquired a firearm before the age of 11 (OR=3.0, 95% CI=1.4-6.4), but this relationship was no longer significant when adjusting for demographics and negative affectivity (OR=2.4, 95% CI=0.96-6.0). Conclusions: Adults who were raised in a home with a firearm and/or first acquired a firearm were significantly more likely to have attempted suicide during their lives. Additional research examining the mechanisms by which early life firearm exposure might increase suicide risk across the lifespan is warranted.

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Socio-demographic profile and psychiatric morbidities of suicide attempters: a cross-sectional observation in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.3329/bjpsy.v30i2.45363 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 36-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jotirmoy Roy ◽

Md Al Fatah Al Adiluzzaman ◽

Md Tanvir Hasan ◽

Dibbya Duty Roy ◽

MMA Shalahuddin Qusar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Suicide Attempt ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Care Hospital ◽

College Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Suicide Attempters ◽

Demographic Profile

Suicide is a perplexing phenomenon of taking one’s own life. Reasons behind suicide attempts are also unique. Clinical characteristics of these patients have not been adequately studied from a psychosocial and psychiatric point in Bangladesh. This study was aimed to assess the socio- demographic profile and psychiatric morbidities in suicide attempters. This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted from May 2017 to September 2017. A total of 101 patients were selected purposively who were admitted following suicide attempt in different departments of Rangpur Medical College Hospital (RMCH). Medical officers in the psychiatry department interviewed them by using a semi-structured questionnaire. Diagnosis was made according to DSM-IV. The results showed that the majority of the respondents were socio-economically deprived young persons. Most (42%) of them were <20 years of age with female (53%) preponderance. Among them 51% were unmarried, 73% were rural dwellers 37% were students and 58% attempts were impulsive. Among the respondents 63% had no prior suicidal thoughts, 56% resorted to poisoning, 49% attempted due to domestic quarrel, 65% suffered from psychiatric disorders where major depressive disorder (18%) was found to be one of the commonest diagnosed disorders. Psychiatric disorders and their co- morbidities are common in suicide attempt patients which calls for implementation of hospital guidelines for routine psychiatric and psychosocial assessments. Bang J Psychiatry December 2016; 30(2): 36-40

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The association of non-suicidal self-injurious and suicidal behaviors with religiosity in hospitalized Jewish adolescents

Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/1359104520918354 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 801-815

Author(s):

Efrat Malkosh-Tshopp ◽

Roy Ratzon ◽

Alex Gizunterman ◽

Tomer Levy ◽

David H Ben-Dor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Centers ◽

Suicidal Behaviors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of ◽

Mental Health Centers ◽

Jewish Adolescents

Religiosity may be a potent protective factor against self-injurious and suicidal behaviors. However, no previous study has addressed this relationship in adolescent psychiatric population. This study aimed to examine the association between religiosity and non-suicidal self-injurious (NSSI) and suicidal behaviors, among hospitalized Jewish adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study of 60 hospitalized Jewish adolescents in two mental health centers. They were evaluated for religiosity, NSSI, and suicidal behaviors. The following religiosity measures were found to be protective against NSSI: a higher degree of adherence to religious practices (extrinsic measure) (beta = −0.083, p = .006), a higher level of belief in religious principles (intrinsic measure) (beta = −0.063, p = .008) and a self-reported higher religious affinity (χ2 = 7.64, p = .022). The severity of suicidal ideation inversely correlated with the extrinsic measure (standardized beta = −0.2, t = −2.5, p = .015) and with self-reported degree of religious affinity (analysis of variance, F = 3.5, p = .035). History of transition in religious affinity was associated with worse suicidal ideation (3.77 ± 1.8 vs. 2.26 ± 1.99, t = −3.25, p = .004) and with suicide attempts (OR = 3.89 (95% CI: 1.08 – 14.03), p = .004); however, these relationships were mediated by history of abuse. This study provides first evidence of a protective effect of some religiosity measures on NSSI and suicidal behaviors in hospitalized Jewish adolescents.

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Is suicide predictable? A classification of predictive factors in Iranian women who had multiple suicide attempts

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73346-6 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 1642-1642

Author(s):

T. Seghatoleslam ◽

H. Habil ◽

O. Rezaee ◽

S. Sadr ◽

R. Emamhadi

Keyword(s):

Substance Abuse ◽

Suicide Attempt ◽

Predictive Factors ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mental Illnesses ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Positive History ◽

History Of

BackgroundThe current study aims to test the hypothesis: Is suicide predictable? And try to classify the predictive factors in multiple suicide attempts.MethodA cross-sectional study was administered to 223 multiple attempters, women who came to a medical poison centre after a suicide attempt. The participants were young, poor, and single. A Regression Logistic Test was used to classify the predictive factors of suicide.ResultsWomen who had multiple suicide attempts exhibited a significant tendency to attempt suicide again. They had a history for more than two years of multiple suicide attempts, from three to as many as 18 times, plus mental illnesses such as depression and substance abuse. They also had a positive history of mental illnesses.ConclusionResults indicate that contributing factors for another suicide attempt include previous suicide attempts, mental illness (depression), or a positive history of mental illnesses in the family affecting them at a young age, and substance abuse.

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History of suicide attempts and COVID-19 infection in Veterans with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder: effect modification by age and obesity

10.1101/2021.08.25.21262627 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Olaoluwa O Okusaga ◽

Rachel L Kember ◽

Gina M Peloso ◽

Roseann E Peterson ◽

Marijana Vujkovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Suicide Attempt ◽

Schizoaffective Disorder ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Medical Center ◽

Strong Predictor ◽

Effect Modification ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Suicide Attempters ◽

History Of

Introduction: Patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder have a high risk of suicide, and a history of suicide attempt is a strong predictor of suicide; therefore, determining whether a history of suicide attempt is associated with COVID-19 in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder has implications for suicide prevention in this patient population. Methods: We carried out cross-sectional analyses of electronic health records (EHR) of Veterans with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder that received treatment at any United States Veterans Affairs Medical Center from January 1, 2020 to January 31, 2021. Logistic regression was applied to estimate unadjusted and adjusted (including age, sex, race, marital status, BMI, and a medical comorbidity score) odds ratios (ORs) for COVID-19 positivity in suicide attempters relative to non-attempters. Results: A total of 101,032 Veterans [mean age 56.67 SD 13.13 years; males 91,715 (90.8%)] were included in the analyses. There were 2,703 (2.7%) suicide attempters and 719 (0.7%) patients were positive for COVID-19. There was effect modification by age and BMI in the association of history of suicide attempt with COVID-19 positivity such that the association was only significant in patients younger than 59 years and in obese (BMI ≥ 30) patients respectively (adjusted OR 3.42, 95% CI 2.02 - 5.79 and OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.65 - 4.94 respectively). Conclusions: Young or obese suicide attempters with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder have higher rates of COVID-19 diagnosis; due to possible long-term neuropsychiatric sequelae of infection with SARS-CoV-2, such patients should be monitored closely.

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Prevalence of Psychiatric Comorbidity among Suicide Attempters

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.14260/jemds/2021/684 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (38) ◽

pp. 3370-3373

Author(s):

Bhuvana Chandrashekarappa Revappala ◽

Sridhar Mallanaik ◽

Vibha Konthanur Vijayakumar ◽

Suresh Krishnappa Kudumallige ◽

Sarala Nedige Eshwarappa

Keyword(s):

Suicide Attempt ◽

Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Care Center ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Suicide Attempters ◽

Common Cause ◽

Co Morbidity

BACKGROUND Psychiatric illness is the most common cause of suicidal attempt which increases the risk further if left untreated. Suicide attempt is one of the forms of suicidal behaviour, which includes suicide ideas, suicide plans and suicide attempts, as these increase the risk further. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and psychiatric comorbidity among suicide attempters. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, samples were collected from patients visited to outpatient department (OPD)/in-patient department (IPD) at a tertiary care center. A total of 50 sample size of both sex with age group of 18 - 65 years are considered. Severity of suicide attempts was assessed by using suicide risks form scale. RESULTS Depression is found to be the most common cause of suicide attempt among mood disorders followed by anxiety disorders, personality disorders and substance use disorders respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study proved the presence of psychiatric co-morbidity among suicide attempters. Co-morbidity worsens the suicidal risk further as assessed. KEY WORDS Psychiatric Comorbidity, Suicide Attempts.

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