Kinetic modelling of the solid–liquid extraction process of polyphenolic compounds from apple pomace: influence of solvent composition and temperature

Abstract This study aims to assess kinetic modelling of the solid–liquid extraction process of total polyphenolic compounds (TPC) from apple pomace (AP). In this regard, we investigated the effects of temperature and solvent (i.e. water, ethanol, and acetone) on TPC extraction over various periods. The highest TPC yield of 11.1 ± 0.49 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g db (dry basis) was achieved with a mixture of 65% acetone–35% water (v/v) at 60 °C. The kinetics of the solvent-based TPC extraction processes were assessed via first-order and second-order kinetic models, with an associated investigation of the kinetic parameters and rate constants, saturation concentrations, and activation energies. The second-order kinetic model was sufficient to describe the extraction mechanism of TPC from AP. This study provides an understanding of the mass transfer mechanism involved in the polyphenolic compound extraction process, thus facilitating future large-scale design, optimization, and process control to valorize pomace waste. Graphical Abstract

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Comparison between Two Solid-Liquid Extraction Methods for the Recovery of Steviol Glycosides from Dried Stevia Leaves Applying a Numerical Approach

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr6080105 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (8) ◽

pp. 105 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Monica Gallo ◽

Andrea Formato ◽

Gaetano Formato ◽

Daniele Naviglio

Keyword(s):

Stevia Rebaudiana ◽

Value Added ◽

Numerical Approach ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Liquid Extraction ◽

Steviol Glycosides ◽

Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽

Solid Liquid Extraction ◽

Solid Liquid

Abstract: Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a perennial shrub belonging to the Asteraceae family. The leaves contain a mixture of steviol glycosides with extraordinary sweetening properties, among which the most important are stevioside and rebaudioside A. These components have a high sweetening power, which is about 300 times that of sucrose, and a negligible calorie content. However, their extraction and purification are not easy. In this paper, the extraction technique under cyclic pressure, known as rapid solid-liquid dynamic extraction (RSLDE), was compared using a Naviglio extractor (NE) with conventional maceration. The aim was to identify an efficient and economically viable method for obtaining high amounts of steviol glycosides in a short time. Furthermore, a numerical model was set up for the solid-liquid extraction process of value-added compounds from natural sources. Several parameters must be evaluated in relation to the characteristics of the parts of the plant subjected to extraction. Therefore, since diffusion and osmosis are highly dependent on temperature, it is necessary to control the temperature of the extraction system. On the other hand, the final aim of this work was to provide a scientific and quantitative basis for RSLDE. Therefore, the results obtained from stevia extracts using the corresponding mathematical model allowed hypothesizing the application of this model to the extraction processes of other vegetable matrices.

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Kinetic Modelling of Solid-Liquid Extraction of Anthocyanins of Gynura Crepioides Leaves

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i4.14.27581 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4.14) ◽

pp. 278

Author(s):

Wong Mei Lin ◽

Zurina Zainal Abidin

Keyword(s):

Rate Constant ◽

Kinetic Modelling ◽

Liquid Extraction ◽

Extraction Rate ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

Increase With Increase ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Solid Liquid Extraction ◽

Solid Liquid ◽

Initial Extraction

Gynura crepioides is one of the natural resources of flavonoid compounds, including anthocyanins (ACs) that provide a lot of nutritional values to human and use as a natural colourant. For efficient extraction, optimization and kinetic data is very essential. In this investigation, optimization and kinetic modelling focusing on temperature effect on solid-liquid extraction of freeze-dried anthocyanins leaves of Gynura crepioides was performed. Freeze drying material was used in extraction to ensure high recovery of useful bioactive compounds in subsequent process. It was found that the rate of extraction was very fast at the beginning, but it began to slow down until it remained constant and reached the plateau after 45 minutes for all temperatures. As temperature increases, the initial extraction rate (h) and extraction rate constant (k) values also increased. The highest initial extraction rate and extraction rate constant were calculated to be 16.64 mg L-1 min-1 and 17.8 x 10-3 L mg-1 min-1 at 333K.However, after 60 minutes of extraction time, degradation of anthocyanins can be seen at 333K and thus reduce the yield. Higher temperature is known to reduce the quantity and quality of bioactive compound. Hence temperature of lower than 333K is desirable for industrial application. The kinetics of extraction data were corresponding well to second-order reaction. The activation energy is calculated as 18.45 kJ mol-1, which is an indication of an endothermic process. An empirical correlation was also done to establish the relationship of extraction rate constant and initial extraction rate with respect to temperature. Both parameters were found to increase with increase temperature. Finally, a three-dimensional model was predicted to show the capacity of extraction at all times and temperatures of extraction. This predicted model exhibited good fitting to experimental values with low standard deviation.

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EKSTRAKSI SILIKA DARI ABU SEKAM PADI DENGAN PELARUT KOH

Konversi ◽

10.20527/k.v2i1.125 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Galang Fajar Agung M ◽

Muhammad Rizal Hanafie Sy ◽

Primata Mardina

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Operation Time ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Liquid Extraction ◽

Waste Material ◽

Alkali Solution ◽

Rice Husks ◽

Solid Liquid Extraction ◽

The One ◽

Solid Liquid

Sekam padi sebagai limbah yang berlimpah khususnya di negara agraris, adalah salah satu sumber penghasil silika terbesar. Sekam padi mengandung sekitar 90%-98% silika setelah mengalami pembakaran sempurna. Pengambilan silika dari abu sekam padi dilakukan dengan proses ekstraksi padat cair menggunakan larutan alkali sebagai pelarut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi larutan alkali dan waktu operasi terhadap yield dari silika. Proses ekstraksi dilakukan dalam skala laboratorium. Sepuluh gram abu sekam padi dimasukkan ke dalam 60 mL larutan alkali dengan konsentrasi tertentu (5%w/w, 10% w/w dan 15% w/w) untuk diekstrak kandungan silika dengan waktu operasi tertentu (30, 60 dan 90 menit). Setelah proses ekstraksi selesai, larutan tersebut ditambahkan larutan HCl 1 N untuk mengendapkan silika. Silika yang terbentuk kemudian dipisahkan dari sisa larutan dengan penyaringan. Untuk menghilangkan kelembaban pada silika yang dihasilkan, maka dilanjutkan dengan proses pengeringan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan yield silika terbesar adalah 50,49% terjadi pada KOH 10% dan waktu ekstraksi 90 menit. Keywords: abu sekam padi, silika, KOH Rice husks, the most abundant waste material in agricultural country, is the one of the silica rich raw materials. Rice husks contain about 90%-98% of silica after completed combustion. Recovery silica from ash of rice husks was done by solid-liquid extraction using alkali solution. Different concentration of alkali solution (5% w/w, 10% w/w and 10% w/w) and different operation time (30, 60 and 90 minutes) were used to investigate their influence on yields of silica. The extraction process was carried out in laboratory scale. After extraction, process was continued by acidic solidification, filtration and drying. The result showed the biggest yield of silica was 50, 49% at 10% KOH for 90 minutes . Keywords: ash of rice husks, silica, KOH

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Kinetics of the Solid-Liquid Extraction Process of Phenolic Antioxidants and Antioxidant Capacity from Hop (Humulus lupulus L.)

Separation Science and Technology ◽

10.1080/01496395.2014.978019 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 50 (11) ◽

pp. 1658-1664 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Dušan Đ. Paunović ◽

Snežana S. Mitić ◽

Gordana S. Stojanović ◽

Milan N. Mitić ◽

Branka T. Stojanović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Liquid Extraction ◽

Humulus Lupulus ◽

Phenolic Antioxidants ◽

Humulus Lupulus L ◽

Solid Liquid Extraction ◽

Solid Liquid ◽

Kinetics Of

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Solid–liquid extraction of protopine from Fumaria officinalis L.—Kinetic modelling of influential parameters

Industrial Crops and Products ◽

10.1016/j.indcrop.2008.10.001 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 29 (2-3) ◽

pp. 516-523 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

L. Rakotondramasy-Rabesiaka ◽

J.-L. Havet ◽

C. Porte ◽

H. Fauduet

Keyword(s):

Kinetic Modelling ◽

Liquid Extraction ◽

Solid Liquid Extraction ◽

Fumaria Officinalis ◽

Solid Liquid ◽

Influential Parameters

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The estimation of kinetic parameters of the solid-liquid extraction process of the lavender flower (Lavandula x hybrida L.)

Croatian Journal of Food Science and Technology ◽

10.17508/cjfst.2018.10.1.12 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 64-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

ANA-MARIJA CVETKOVIC ◽

◽

TAMARA JURINA ◽

DAVOR VALINGER ◽

ANA JURINJAK TUSEK ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Kinetic Parameters ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Liquid Extraction ◽

Solid Liquid Extraction ◽

Solid Liquid

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Modelling of solid-liquid extraction process of total polyphenols from soybeans

Czech Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.17221/200/2009-cjfs ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 28 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 206-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

S. Jokić ◽

D. Velić ◽

M. Bilić ◽

A. Bucić-Kojić ◽

M. Planinić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Models ◽

Aqueous Ethanol ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Liquid Extraction ◽

Ethanol Solution ◽

Aqueous Ethanol Solution ◽

Total Polyphenols ◽

Solid Liquid Extraction ◽

Solid Liquid

The influence of the solvent, temperature, and extraction time on the extractability of total polyphenols from milled soybeans variety Ika was investigated. The study was performed in order to select the most suitable solvent (water; 50, 60, 70, and 80% aqueous ethanol) for achieving the highest yield of total polyphenols. The most effective solvent (50% aqueous ethanol solution) was used for monitoring the kinetics and modelling of solid-liquid extraction of total polyphenols from soybeans, average particle size 0.459 mm, at solid-liquid ratio of 20 ml/g (ratio of the solvent volume per g of raw material). The total polyphenols content in the soybean extract was determined spectrophotometrically using Folin-Ciocalteu micro-methods at 765 nm. The applicability of different mathematical models (Peleg, Page, and Logarithmic models) to describe the kinetics of the solid-liquid extraction process of total polyphenols from soybeans was studied as well. The results exhibited a significant influence of the solvent and temperature on the kinetics and extraction yield of total polyphenols from soybeans. The best extraction yield of total polyphenols was obtained using 50% aqueous ethanol solution at 80°C after 120 min (4.322 mg GAE/g<sub>db</sub>). The extraction yield of total polyphenols in soybean extracts increased by increasing the extraction temperature and extending the duration of the extraction process. The mathematical models applied showed a good agreement with the experimental results, which allows their application in modelling and optimisation of solid-liquid extraction process for the extraction of total polyphenols from soybeans.

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