Prevalence and determinants of dietary practices among pregnant women in eastern Ethiopia

Abstract Introduction Appropriate dietary practices in pregnancy are critical to meet the increased metabolic and physiological demands; however, information about dietary practices among pregnant women, particularly rural residents, is limited. The study aimed to assess the level of appropriate dietary practices and associated determinants among pregnant women in Haramaya District, eastern Ethiopia, 2021. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 448 pregnant women in Haramaya District, Eastern Ethiopia. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews by trained research assistants, using a validated frequency questionnaire. The pregnant women were labeled as “appropriate dietary practice” when they consumed at least four meals daily, had a good food variety score, high dietary diversity score, and high consumption of animal source foods during the reference period. Otherwise, they were defined as “inappropriate.” A Poisson regression model with robust variance estimation was used to investigate the association of the independent variables with the dietary practice. An adjusted prevalence ratio with a 95% confidence interval was reported to show an association using a p-value < 0.05. Results The appropriate dietary practice among the study participants was 15.2% (95% CI = 12–18%). Of the respondents, 29.46, 37.5, and 24.7% had a high dietary diversity, high food variety score, and high consumption of animal source foods. The appropriate dietary practice was more prevalent among merchant women (APR = 2.07; 95% CI 1.07–4.02) and those whose husbands have at least a high school educational level (APR = 1.96; 95% CI 1.06–3.46). However, the prevalence of appropriate dietary practice was significantly lower among those who chewed khat (APR = 0.58; 95% CI 0.37–0.90) and among respondents who reported restriction of the intake of some foods (APR = 0.36; 95% CI 0.20–0.65). Conclusion We found sup-optimal appropriate dietary practice among pregnant women in this predominantly rural setting. Additionally, the lower appropriate dietary practice was observed among women who reported chewing khat and experienced restriction of dietary consumption during pregnancy. Therefore, nutrition policy programs and interventions aimed at encouraging maternal nutritional guidance and counseling are recommended.

Download Full-text

Cash transfers and child nutritional outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003621 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (12) ◽

pp. e003621

Author(s):

James Manley ◽

Yarlini Balarajan ◽

Shahira Malm ◽

Luke Harman ◽

Jessica Owens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Child Nutrition ◽

Social Protection ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cash Transfer ◽

Animal Source Foods ◽

Animal Source ◽

Z Scores ◽

Households With Children ◽

The Impact

BackgroundCash transfer (CT) programmes are implemented widely to alleviate poverty and provide safety nets to vulnerable households with children. However, evidence on the effects of CTs on child health and nutrition outcomes has been mixed. We systematically reviewed evidence of the impact of CTs on child nutritional status and selected proximate determinants.MethodsWe searched articles published between January 1997 and September 2018 using Agris, Econlit, Eldis, IBSS, IDEAS, IFPRI, Google Scholar, PubMed and World Bank databases. We included studies using quantitative impact evaluation methods of CTs with sample sizes over 300, targeted to households with children under 5 years old conducted in countries with gross domestic product per capita below US$10 000 at baseline. We conducted meta-analysis using random-effects models to assess the impact of CT programmes on selected child nutrition outcomes and meta-regression analysis to examine the association of programme characteristics with effect sizes.ResultsOut of 2862 articles identified, 74 articles were eligible for inclusion. We find that CTs have significant effects of 0.03±0.03 on height-for-age z-scores (p<0.03) and a decrease of 2.1% in stunting (95% CI −3.5% to −0.7%); consumption of animal-source foods (4.5%, 95% CI 2.9% to 6.0%); dietary diversity (0.73, 95% CI 0.28 to 1.19) and diarrhoea incidence (−2.7%, 95% CI −5.4% to −0.0%; p<0.05). The effects of CTs on weight-for-age z-scores and wasting were not significant (0.02, 95% CI −0.03 to 0.08; p<0.42) and (1.2%, 95% CI: −0.1% to 2.5%; p<0.07), respectively. We found that specific programme characteristics differentially modified the effect on the nutrition outcomes studied.ConclusionWe found that CT programmes targeted to households with young children improved linear growth and contributed to reduced stunting. We found that the likely pathways were through increased dietary diversity, including through the increased consumption of animal-source foods and reduced incidence of diarrhoea. With heightened interest in nutrition-responsive social protection programmes to improve child nutrition, we make recommendations to inform the design and implementation of future programmes.

Download Full-text

Consumption of animal source foods and dietary diversity reduce stunting in children in Cambodia

International Archives of Medicine ◽

10.1186/1755-7682-6-29 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 29 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Chau Darapheak ◽

Takehito Takano ◽

Masashi Kizuki ◽

Keiko Nakamura ◽

Kaoruko Seino

Keyword(s):

Dietary Diversity ◽

Animal Source Foods ◽

Animal Source

Download Full-text

Prevalence and associated factors of zinc deficiency among pregnant women and children in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-019-7979-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kidanemaryam Berhe ◽

Freweini Gebrearegay ◽

Hadush Gebremariam

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Zinc Deficiency ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Diet Diversity ◽

Animal Source Foods ◽

Animal Source ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Women And Children

Abstract Background Pregnant women and children are the most vulnerable groups to zinc deficiency. Despite the presence of few primary studies, studies that could provide strong evidence that would help policymakers to develop appropriate interventional strategies in addressing zinc deficiency among pregnant women and children are limited in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the national pooled prevalence and associated factors of zinc deficiency among pregnant women and children. Methods We searched Pub Med, Scopus, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and Google for studies reported on zinc deficiency and associated factors among pregnant women and children. Search terms were ‘zinc deficiency’, ‘zinc status’, ‘associated factors’, ‘children’, ‘pregnant women’, and ‘Ethiopia’ using the boolean operators ‘OR’ or ‘AND’. Searches were using English language. A preferred reporting item for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) checklist was used. Two authors independently reviewed the studies. The effect sizes of the meta-analysis were the prevalence of zinc deficiency and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of the associated factors. Finally, the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) version 3.3.07 was used for statistical analysis by applying the random-effects model and publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger’s test. Results Thirteen studies (7 among pregnant women having total participants of 2371 pregnant women and 6 among children with total participants of 5154 children) were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Using the random-effects model, the pooled prevalence of zinc deficiency was 59.9% (95%CI: 51.9, 67.7%) and 38.4% (95%CI: 28.6, 49.4) among pregnant women and children, respectively. The associated factors for zinc deficiency among pregnant women were coffee intake (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) =1.76), low intake of animal source foods (AOR = 2.57), and inadequate diet diversity (AOR = 2.12). Conclusion Overall, zinc deficiency among pregnant women and children is a significant public health concern in Ethiopia. Promoting dietary modification to enhance the bioavailability of zinc, improving diet diversity, and consuming animal source foods would help in alleviating and/or minimizing the problem among the target groups. Zinc supplementation could also be considered for pregnant women and children.

Download Full-text

Determinants of age‐appropriate breastfeeding, dietary diversity, and consumption of animal source foods among Indonesian children

Maternal and Child Nutrition ◽

10.1111/mcn.12889 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Susy K. Sebayang ◽

Michael J. Dibley ◽

Erni Astutik ◽

Ferry Efendi ◽

Patrick J. Kelly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Diversity ◽

Animal Source Foods ◽

Animal Source ◽

Age Appropriate

Download Full-text

Subclinical Iodine Deficiency among Pregnant Women in Haramaya District, Eastern Ethiopia: A Community-Based Study

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2014/878926 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Haji Kedir ◽

Yemane Berhane ◽

Alemayehu Worku

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Iodine Deficiency ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Urinary Iodine ◽

Iodized Salt ◽

Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽

Community Based ◽

Eastern Ethiopia ◽

Iodine Deficiency In Pregnancy ◽

Haramaya District

Background.Iodine deficiency in pregnancy is a worldwide problem. This study aimed to assess prevalence and predictors of subclinical iodine deficiency among pregnant women in Haramaya district, eastern Ethiopia.Methods.A cross-sectional, community-based study was conducted on 435 pregnant women existing in ten randomly selected rural kebeles (kebele is the smallest administrative unit in Ethiopia). Data on the study subjects’ background characteristics, dietary habits, and gynecological/obstetric histories were collected via a structured questionnaire. UIC of <150 μg/L defined subclinical iodine deficiency. Data were analyzed by Stata 11. A multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of subclinical iodine deficiency.Results.The median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) was 58.1 μg/L and 82.8% of the women who had subclinical iodine deficiency. The risk of subclinical iodine deficiency was reduced by the use of iodized salt (AOR = 0.13) and by intake of milk twice a month or more (AOR = 0.50), but it was increased by maternal illiteracy (AOR = 3.52).Conclusion.Iodine nutritional status of the pregnant women was poor. This shows that women and their children are exposed to iodine deficiency and its adverse effects. Thus, they need urgent supplementation with iodine and improved access to and intake of iodized salt and milk during pregnancy.

Download Full-text

Dietary Practice and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in Nono Woreda west shoa, Oromia, Ethiopia

10.1101/2020.11.27.20239624 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dereje Bayissa Demissie ◽

Tesfaye Erena ◽

Tufa Kolola

Keyword(s):

Marital Status ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Health Seeking ◽

Dietary Practices ◽

Dietary Practice ◽

Dietary Knowledge ◽

Balanced Diet ◽

Seeking Behavior ◽

Study Participants

AbstractBackgroundPregnancy is a unique and critical stage of life during which extensive anatomical, physiological, biochemical and several other related changes take place. The everyday vitality prerequisites for health women of typical weight who have a modestly dynamic way of life, increment during pregnancy and depend on the trimester of the baby. Maternal undernutrition is a serious developmental challenge contributing a large share to the global disease burden. It is a major reason for the increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, poor infant survival, and elevated risks of chronic diseases at later stages of life. Ethiopia has an unacceptably high burden of malnutrition and its consequences, and yet little is known about the determinants and responses to undernutrition during pregnancyObjectivesTo assess the dietary practice and associated factors among pregnant women in Nono Woreda, West Shoa Zone, Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study design with both quantitative and qualitative data collection was conducted. Simple random sampling was used to select 378 pregnant women. The data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaire of Afan Oromo version. Data were entered using Epi info version 7 and analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software for Windows version 21. Multiple logistic regressions were run to assess factors that were associated with the dependent variable at P<0.05 and to control the confounders.ResultFinally, the result of the study has shown that 31% of the study participants had good dietary practices while the rest 69% of pregnant women had poor dietary practices. Concerning dietary knowledge about a balanced diet, 63.5% of the study participants had good dietary knowledge while 36.5% had poor dietary knowledge about a balanced diet. Marital status, breastfeeding, health-seeking behavior, food avoiding, and dietary knowledge were shown to have a significant association (P < 0.05) with dietary practices of pregnant women. The quantitative study revealed that marital status (AOR =95%CI, 7.983(1.387, 45.947, P<0.02).ConclusionA dietary practice of pregnant women in the study area was poor. Marital statuses, breastfeeding, health-seeking behavior, food avoiding and dietary knowledge of balance diet were independent predictors of women dietary practices. Therefore, Health professional, Zonal health office, regional Bureau and health planners would be better to increasing awareness to have good dietary practices those women married and supported by household head.

Download Full-text

Animal Source Food Consumption in Young Children from Four Regions of Ethiopia: Association with Religion, Livelihood, and Participation in the Productive Safety Net Program

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11020354 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 354 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kaitlin S. Potts ◽

Afework Mulugeta ◽

Alessandra N. Bazzano

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Safety Net ◽

Local Context ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Critical Determinant ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Community Factors ◽

Animal Source Foods ◽

Animal Source

Introduction: Child undernutrition remains a challenge globally and in the geographically diverse country of Ethiopia. Improving dietary diversity and consumption of animal source foods are important for improving child nutrition and corresponding health outcomes. Objective: The objective of the study was to identify household and community factors associated with consumption of animal source foods among 6 to 36-month-old children from four regions of Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using multistage probability sampling in eight geographic zones and four regions of Ethiopia took place in 2015 with parents/caretakers of 6 to 36-month-old children. Data was collected on demographic information, proxy indicators of socioeconomic status, and food consumed by the child the day before the survey. Results: Increased child age, pastoral livelihood, Muslim religion, and participation in the Productive Safety Net Program were associated with increased consumption of animal source foods. Odds of animal source foods consumption increased by 8% with each 3-month age increase. Children from pastoralist households were the most likely to have consumed animal source foods in the preceding 24 hours as compared with those in agro-pastoralist households (0.21 times as likely) or those in agriculturalist/farming households (0.15 times as likely). The odds of consumption of animal source foods for families with food aid or safety net support was 1.7 times greater among those receiving traditional support from the Productive Safety Net Program and 4.5 times greater for those in the direct support arm of the program. Conclusions: The findings illustrate the importance of accounting for local context and community characteristics, such as livelihood and religion, when undertaking programming designed to improve diversity of children’s diets through increasing animal source foods. In addition, the Productive Safety Net Program may be a critical determinant of dietary diversity for young children in these regions.

Download Full-text

Dietary gap assessment: an approach for evaluating whether a country’s food supply can support healthy diets at the population level

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980017001173 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (13) ◽

pp. 2277-2288 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Edye M Kuyper ◽

Reina Engle-Stone ◽

Joanne E Arsenault ◽

Mary Arimond ◽

Katherine P Adams ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Supply ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Balance Sheet ◽

Population Level ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Healthy Diet ◽

Food Groups ◽

Animal Source Foods ◽

Animal Source ◽

Healthy Diets

AbstractObjectiveDietary diversity, and in particular consumption of nutrient-rich foods including fruits, vegetables, nuts, beans and animal-source foods, is linked to greater nutrient adequacy. We developed a ‘dietary gap assessment’ to evaluate the degree to which a nation’s food supply could support healthy diets at the population level.Design/SettingIn the absence of global food-based dietary guidelines, we selected the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet as an example because there is evidence it prevents diet-related chronic disease and supports adequate micronutrient intakes. We used the DASH guidelines to shape a hypothetical ‘healthy’ diet for the test country of Cameroon. Food availability was estimated using FAO Food Balance Sheet data on country-level food supply. For each of the seven food groups in the ‘healthy’ diet, we calculated the difference between the estimated national supply (in kcal, edible portion only) and the target amounts.ResultsIn Cameroon, dairy and other animal-source foods were not adequately available to meet healthy diet recommendations: the deficit was −365 kcal (–1527 kJ)/capita per d for dairy products and −185 kcal (–774 kJ)/capita per d for meat, poultry, fish and eggs. Adequacy of fruits and vegetables depended on food group categorization. When tubers and plantains were categorized as vegetables and fruits, respectively, supply nearly met recommendations. Categorizing tubers and plantains as starchy staples resulted in pronounced supply shortfalls: −109 kcal (–457 kJ)/capita per d for fruits and −94 kcal (–393 kJ)/capita per d for vegetables.ConclusionsThe dietary gap assessment illustrates an approach for better understanding how food supply patterns need to change to achieve healthier dietary patterns.

Download Full-text

Low Dietary Diversity and Intake of Animal Source Foods among School Aged Children in Libo Kemkem and Fogera Districts, Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0133435 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. e0133435 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Zaida Herrador ◽

Jesus Perez-Formigo ◽

Luis Sordo ◽

Endalamaw Gadisa ◽

Javier Moreno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Diversity ◽

Animal Source Foods ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Animal Source

Download Full-text

Factors associated with dietary practice and nutritional status of pregnant women in Dessie town, northeastern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-019-2649-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tona Zema Diddana

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

First Trimester ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Practice

Abstract Background Maternal undernutrition is highly prevalent in resource-poor settings. Hence, this study was intended to determine factors associated with the dietary practice and nutritional status of pregnant women in Dessie town, northeastern Ethiopia. Methods Community-based cross-sectional study design was employed. Six hundred four (604) pregnant women have participated. A two-stage sampling method was applied to select participants. Socio-demographic and socio-economic data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. The dietary practice was measured using 13 dietary practice questions. Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) was measured by standard nonstretchable MUAC tape. Data were entered into Epi-Info 7 and exported to SPSS version 20. Binary and multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted. Variables with P < 0.2 in bivariate analysis were entered for multiple logistic regression. At a 95% confidence interval, variable with 푃< 0.05 in multiple logistic regression analysis was considered statistically significant. Result About 54.8% of the pregnant women had poor dietary practice and 19.5% were undernourished. First trimester of pregnancy (AOR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.80), no history of illness 2 weeks before data collection date (AOR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.22, 0.80), poor perceived severity (AOR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.33), poor perceived benefits (AOR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.14, 2.32) and poor self efficacy (AOR = 4.74; 95% CI: 2.94, 7.65) were significantly associated with poor dietary practice. Not attending antenatal care (ANC) (AOR = 3.46; 95% CI: 2.07, 5.78), illness (AOR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.10, 3.5), poor dietary diversity (AOR = 5.92; 95% CI: 3.59, 9.76), poor nutrition knowledge (AOR = 3.03; 95% CI: 1.87, 4.92), poor dietary practice (AOR = 3.25; 95% CI: 1.91, 5.54) and poor perceived self efficacy (AOR = 5.59; 95% CI: 3.56, 8.79) were significantly associated (P < 0.05) with undernutrition. Conclusion The dietary practice of pregnant women was suboptimal and nutritional status was relatively high. Being in the first trimester of pregnancy and no history illness were negatively associated while poorly perceived severity to malnutrition, poor perceived benefits, and poor self-efficacy were positively associated with the poor dietary practice. Not attending ANC, history of illness, poor dietary diversity, poor nutritional knowledge, poor dietary practice, poorly perceived self-efficacy were positively associated with undernutrition. Government, health extension workers and other concerned bodies should encourage pregnant women to attend ANC, promote health during pregnancy, strength and counsel to improve dietary diversity and practice of good nutrition. They should focus on the perceived belief of dietary behaviors.

Download Full-text