scholarly journals Investigations on the occurrence of a muscular disorder in Austrian slaughter pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Schwarz ◽  
Carolin Schöner ◽  
Rene Brunthaler ◽  
Herbert Weissenböck ◽  
Tanja Bernreiter-Hofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Meat Inspection ◽  
Pig Breeds ◽  
Upper Austria ◽  
Male Individual ◽  
Muscular Disorders ◽  
Slaughter Pigs ◽  
Causal Variants ◽  
The University

Abstract Background In slaughterhouse, veterinarians responsible for meat inspection are often confronted with abnormalities in carcasses, not only in pigs but in all livestock species. In 2017, a veterinarian responsible for meat inspection in a slaughterhouse in Styria, Austria, observed gluteal muscles infiltrated by fat and muscle tissue obviously being replaced by fat in two different slaughter pigs. These muscles were sent for further diagnostics to the University Clinic for Swine. Results The two muscle samples were investigated histopathologically and diagnosed with fatty muscular dystrophy. The results of routine histopathology were confirmed by dystrophin-specific immunohistochemistry. Sex of the two affected animals was determined retrospectively using a PCR-based protocol and resulted in one male and one female pig. A survey to determine the prevalence of fatty muscular disorders of pork revealed that this phenomenon gets frequently observed in Styria, but also occurs in Upper Austria and Lower Austria. Mostly gluteal and lumbal muscles were affected and approximately 20–40% of the affected muscles were replaced by fat. Conclusions Fatty muscular dystrophy or muscular steatosis, as it was sometimes called in early literature, seems not to be an uncommon and rare event and is known to have several different causes. As it was detected in both sexes, our observations are different to the described case in Japan, where only one male individual was affected. To avoid further increase of such cases (fatty muscular dystrophy), it would be useful to clarify the cause. First, whether the cause is environmental or genetic, and in case it is genetic it would be key to disentangle the underlying genomic architecture. Having causal variants described—one could think about integrating this information (depending on the mode of inheritance and the number of loci involved) in the breeding program of pigs. Furthermore, the proportion of non-Austrian pig genetics used for commercial pig production in Austria should be reviewed in order to be able to make reliable statements about the spread of the disease not only in Austrian pig breeds, but also in pig breeds worldwide.

Investigations on the occurrence of fatty muscular dystrophy in Austrian slaughter pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Schwarz ◽  
Carolin Schöner ◽  
Rene Brunthaler ◽  
Herbert Weißenböck ◽  
Tanja Bernreiter-Hofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Becker Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Meat Inspection ◽  
Pig Breeds ◽  
Upper Austria ◽  
Male Individual ◽  
Slaughter Pigs ◽  
The University

Abstract Background In slaughterhouses, veterinarians responsible for meat inspection are often confronted with abnormalities in carcasses, not only in pigs but in all livestock species. Regularly occurring pathological abnormalities such as abscesses, milk spots or muscular necrosis in case of vitamin E/selenium deficiency usually are undoubtful and need no further investigations for a diagnosis. Contrarily, sometimes rare and unexpected observations are reported. In 2017, a veterinarian responsible for meat inspection in a slaughterhouse in Styria, Austria, observed gluteal muscles infiltrated by fat and muscle tissue obviously being replaced by fat in two different slaughter pigs. These muscles were sent for further diagnostics to the University Clinic for Swine. In 2013, Japanese researchers reported of a disease similar to Becker Muscular Dystrophy of humans in slaughter pigs, which can be assumed also in our case. Results The two muscle samples were investigated histopathologically and diagnosed with fatty muscular dystrophy. The results of routine histopathology were confirmed by dystrophin-specific immunohistochemistry. Sex of the two affected animals was determined retrospectively using a PCR-based protocol and resulted in one male and one female pig. A survey to determine the prevalence of fatty muscular dystrophy of pork revealed that this phenomenon gets frequently observed in Styria, but also occurs in Upper Austria and Lower Austria. Mostly gluteal and lumbal muscles were affected and approximately 20% – 40% of the affected muscles were replaced by fat. Conclusions Fatty muscular dystrophy or muscular steatosis, as it was sometimes called in early literature, seems not to be an uncommon and rare event. As it was detected in both sexes, our observations are different to the described case in Japan, where only one male individual was affected. To avoid further increase of such cases (fatty muscular dystrophy), it would be useful to clarify the cause. First, whether the cause is environmental or genetic, and in case it is genetic it would be key to disentangle the underlying genomic architecture. Having causal variants described – one could think about integrating this information (depending on the mode of inheritance and the number of loci involved) in the breeding program of pigs. Furthermore, the proportion of non-Austrian pig genetics used for commercial pig production in Austria should be reviewed in order to be able to make reliable statements about the spread of the disease not only in Austrian pig breeds, but also in pig breeds worldwide.

Predictability of post mortem abnormalities in shipments of slaughter pigs as an aid for meat inspection

1991 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. M. Harbers ◽  
J. F. M. Smeets ◽  
J. M. A. Snijders
Keyword(s):  
Meat Inspection ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Slaughter Pigs

Anton Bruckner

Music ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Aschauer
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Full Time ◽  
University Of Vienna ◽  
Upper Austria ◽  
Anton Bruckner ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
The Many ◽  
Music Theorist ◽  
The University ◽  
Full Time Employment

Bruckner was born in Ansfelden (rural Upper Austria) in 1824 and was originally trained as a schoolmaster. He only left this career path in his early thirties when he assumed the organist position at the Linz cathedral, his first full-time employment as a musician. It was also in Linz that he completed six years of training in harmony and counterpoint with Simon Sechter (1855–1861) as well as lessons in form and orchestration with Otto Kitzler (1861–1863) after which he commenced work on his first symphony in 1865. Bruckner’s three large masses also date from his Linz period. Concert tours to France in 1869 and England in 1871 brought Bruckner major successes as organ improvisor. In 1868 Bruckner became professor of counterpoint and thoroughbass as well as professor of organ at the Vienna conservatory. Success as a composer did not follow suit as quickly. His passionate admiration of Wagner—to whom he dedicated his Third Symphony in 1873—rendered Bruckner the target of hostility from the supporters of Brahms in Vienna, especially of music critic Eduard Hanslick. The latter was also instrumental in obstructing Bruckner’s employment at the University of Vienna until 1875, when Bruckner finally became lecturer of harmony and counterpoint at the university. Despite his fame as an organist and music theorist, Bruckner saw himself, above all else, as a symphonic composer and it is the development of the symphony as a genre that occupied most of his compositional interest throughout his career. Accordingly, the multiple versions of Bruckner’s symphonies have long been a main focal point of Bruckner scholarship. These revisions were variously motivated. Earlier works, including the three masses and symphonies 1–5, underwent reworking during Bruckner’s “revision period” (1876–1880), largely as a result of the composer’s evolving notions of phrase and period structure. Later revisions were often the results of performances or were made to prepare the manuscripts for publication. Bruckner’s former students, most notably Franz and Josef Schalk and Ferdinand Löwe, were involved in these revisions, although the extent of this involvement has never been entirely revealed. Starting in the 1920s, scholars began to raise questions about the validity of the revisions made during the preparations of the editions published during the 1880s and 1890s. While some accepted the authenticity of these texts, other influential figures—among them Robert Haas, coeditor of the first Bruckner complete edition—claimed that Bruckner’s students had urged the composer, wearied by rejection in Vienna, into making ill-advised changes or, worse yet, altered his scores without his knowledge and permission. The resulting debate, the Bruckner Streit, involved serious source-critical issues, but eventually devolved on ideological claims more than factual analysis. The process led to the first Bruckner Gesamtausgabe, which published the manuscript versions of Bruckner’s works starting in 1934, first under the editorship of Robert Haas and later of Leopold Nowak. However, these editions are now largely outdated due to the many manuscript sources that have become available since the mid-20th century. Haas’s work has also been criticized in more recent years for rather subjectively mixing sources. Therefore, two new complete editions have recently been started. Another topic that has fascinated Bruckner scholarship for much of the last century is the unfinished finale of the 9th symphony and its possible completion.

scholarly journals First person – Andreia Nunes

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Disease Models ◽  
First Person ◽  
Early Career Researchers ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
Disease Mechanisms ◽  
The University ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Disease Models & Mechanisms, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Andreia Nunes is first author on ‘ Identification of candidate miRNA biomarkers for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy using DUX4-based mouse models’, published in DMM. Andreia is a postdoc in the lab of Peter L. Jones at the University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA, investigating therapeutics for and disease mechanisms of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.

Arthritis in slaughter pigs

1991 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. V. Turner ◽  
M. G. Collett ◽  
C. M. Veary ◽  
Charlotte Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Meat Inspection ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Correct Evaluation ◽  
Slaughter Pigs

Joints obtained from 192 pig carcases were examined by means of standard microbiological and macro- and histopathological procedures. Approximately 32% of the joints were considered normal; 35,5% showed lesions consistent with osteochondrosis and a non-specific synovitis was present 'in 24,4%. Only 6,1% of taints were arthritic and yielded either Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus spp. The remainder (2,30/0) had periarticular lesions such as abscesses. The study emphasises that an accurate diagnosis and correct evaluation of pig carcases showing joint lesions, is absolutely essential if a high standard of meat inspection is to be obtained and unnecessary economic losses are to be avoided.

scholarly journals Limb girdle muscular dystrophy: a case report initially presenting to an outpatient musculoskeletal physiotherapy clinic with spinal pain and functional weakness

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon O’Shea ◽  
Thomas M. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Spinal Pain ◽  
Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Heterogenous Group ◽  
Muscular Disorders ◽  
Strengthening Exercises ◽  
Functional Movements ◽  
Spinal Muscles

Abstract Background The term limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) describes a group of genetic muscular disorders that require specialist input from neurologically trained clinicians. The plethora of potential symptoms of this heterogenous group can result in patients presenting initially to musculoskeletal (MSK) physiotherapists. Case presentation The following case report highlights the presentation of a 21 year old female attending with 2 years of spinal pain and an unusual pattern of weakness, namely when rising from a sitting position the hips were abducted and then internally rotated. Formal testing in clinic revealed no isolated weakness initially despite the odd functional movements. There were no neural limb pains and no upper or lower motor neuron concerns on testing. There were no other health concerns. Some gains were reported with recent physiotherapy strengthening exercises and these were persisted with but proved ineffective overall. The Biopsychosocial model was used judiciously to explore alternative pathologies and led to appropriate investigations, onward referral, diagnosis and appropriate management of LGMD. Extensive atrophy of the spinal muscles was evident on imaging which was not particularly identified within the physiotherapy testing process in the earlier stages. Creatine kinase levels were also significantly raised. Conclusions Being mindful of this novel presentation in musculoskeletal clinics may well aid future, similar cases to be identified. The case highlights the importance of looking at the functional impact as opposed to traditional testing methods especially in the early stages of such conditions.

scholarly journals The spectrum of myopathies in the city of São Paulo

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-365
Author(s):  
José A. Levy ◽  
Abram Topczewski ◽  
Lucia Iracema Z. de Mendonça ◽  
Mayana Zatz ◽  
Ruth Blay Levisky
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Myotonia Congenita ◽  
Progressive Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
The Past ◽  
The University ◽  
The City

A review of all myopathic patients treated at the Neurologic Clinic of the Medical School of the University of São Paulo during the past 15 years is reported. A total of 466 cases were examined and distributed as follows: 56% of progressive muscular dystrophy; 31% of myasthenia gravis; 6% of polymyositis; 4% of myotonic dystrophy; and the remainder of several different diseases (central core disease, Kearns-syndrome, myotonia congenita, adynamia episodica hereditaria, diabetic myopathy and Eaton-Lambert syndrome). Enzymatic dosages, electromyography, muscle biopsy, electrocardiography and genetic counselling are also reported.

Winging of the Scapula: The Underlying Biomechanics and an Orthotic Solution

1995 ◽  
Vol 209 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
N D Barnett ◽  
M Mander ◽  
J C Peacock ◽  
K Bushby ◽  
D Gardner-Medwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Surgical Technique ◽  
Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
Medial Border ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Muscular Disorders

Winging of the scapula occurring in muscular disorders (muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy) or nerve injury has been investigated, resulting in a thorough understanding and presentation of the underlying biomechanics causing this occurrence. This includes a biomechanical explanation of the characteristic prominence of the medial border of the scapula upon attempted elevation, together with the biomechanical reasons for the rotation of the scapula in a direction contrary to the normal scapulohumeral rhythm. Based on these findings, a non-invasive alternative to the surgical technique for scapular stabilization has been devised, using an inflatable orthosis, placed between the scapula and an external restraint (such as a spinal jacket). The device has been tested on one subject using a 3SPACE™ Isotrak™ electromagnetic source and sensor system, and gave encouraging results. Elevation increased by up to 35° (37 per cent), and functional improvement in the use of the hand around the head and face has been achieved. The technique needs no aftercare or physiotherapy and is therefore both economical and functionally effective.

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