scholarly journals Activity patterns of the soprano pipistrelle Pipistrellus pygmaeus throughout the year in southern Norway

BMC Zoology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Frafjord
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Active Season ◽  
Male Song ◽  
Oceanic Climate ◽  
Social Calls ◽  
Southern Norway ◽  
Winter Hibernation ◽  
Small Valley ◽  
Made In

Abstract Background Most temperate bats are regular hibernators in the winter. Knowledge about the length of their active season and how they adjust their nightly activity throughout the season, is critical to conservation. The characteristics of these are likely to vary with climate as well as latitude. This study investigated the flight activity of the soprano pipistrelle Pipistrellus pygmaeus in Frafjord, a small valley in the south-western corner of Norway (58° 50′N 6° 18′E) with an oceanic climate. Results Activity was recorded with an ultrasound recorder throughout April 2018 to June 2019 at one site, with supplemental recordings in March to June 2020, i.e., covering all months of the year. Recordings at other nearby sites were made in the summers (June–August) of 2016, 2017, 2019 and 2020, as well as some of the last days in December 2019 to the first days of January 2020. Overall, soprano pipistrelles were recorded flying in all months of the year, but very few in December–March. Regular activity was recorded from late April or early May until late October, and some recordings were also made in November. The highest numbers of recordings were made in August and September. Social calls, i.e. male song flights, were recorded from April to November, with the vast majority in August and September. Nearly all recordings were made between sunset and sunrise. Conclusions The soprano pipistrelle in this region showed regular activity through 6–7 months of the year. It adjusted its activity to the changing night length throughout the year, closely following sunset and sunrise. It was rarely recorded flying before sunset and almost never after sunrise. Most activity was recorded in the middle of the night, and social calls also followed this trend closely. Harems in late summer and autumn were confirmed in a bat box, which was also used for winter hibernation.

Patterns of Acoustical Activity of Bats Prior to and Following White-Nose Syndrome Occurrence

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Mark Ford ◽  
Eric R. Britzke ◽  
Christopher A. Dobony ◽  
Jane L. Rodrigue ◽  
Joshua B. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Myotis Lucifugus ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
White Nose Syndrome ◽  
Little Brown Bats

Abstract White-nose Syndrome (WNS), a wildlife health concern that has decimated cave-hibernating bat populations in eastern North America since 2006, began affecting source-caves for summer bat populations at Fort Drum, a U.S. Army installation in New York in the winter of 2007–2008. As regional die-offs of bats became evident, and Fort Drum's known populations began showing declines, we examined whether WNS-induced change in abundance patterns and seasonal timing of bat activity could be quantified using acoustical surveys, 2003–2010, at structurally uncluttered riparian–water habitats (i.e., streams, ponds, and wet meadows). As predicted, we observed significant declines in overall summer activity between pre-WNS and post-WNS years for little brown bats Myotis lucifugus, northern bats M. septentrionalis, and Indiana bats M. sodalis. We did not observe any significant change in activity patterns between pre-WNS and post-WNS years for big brown bats Eptesicus fuscus, eastern red bats Lasiurus borealis, or the small number of tri-colored bats Perimyotis subflavus. Activity of silver-haired bats Lasionycteris noctivagans increased from pre-WNS to post-WNS years. Activity levels of hoary bats Lasiurus cinereus significantly declined between pre- and post-WNS years. As a nonhibernating, migratory species, hoary bat declines might be correlated with wind-energy development impacts occurring in the same time frame rather than WNS. Intraseason activity patterns also were affected by WNS, though the results were highly variable among species. Little brown bats showed an overall increase in activity from early to late summer pre-WNS, presumably due to detections of newly volant young added to the local population. However, the opposite occurred post-WNS, indicating that reproduction among surviving little brown bats may be declining. Our data suggest that acoustical monitoring during the summer season can provide insights into species' relative abundance on the landscape as affected by the occurrence of WNS.

A Model of Students' Daily Activity Patterns

1973 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Tomlinson ◽  
N Bullock ◽  
P Dickens ◽  
P Steadman ◽  
E Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Diary Methods ◽  
Typical Day ◽  
Daily Activity Patterns ◽  
Made In

A model is described whose purpose is to predict the distribution of students in different activities and locations during the course of a typical day, depending on the effective restrictions imposed by the spatial distribution of buildings and sites, and by administrative and social constraints on the timing of activities. The model is of an entropy-maximising type; the data against which it is tested are drawn from time budget surveys made in two universities, using diary methods. A series of exploratory experiments made with the model are reported; these are designed to test the effects of alternative planning and administrative policies on activity patterns and the use of facilities.

scholarly journals Colonization of experimentally arranged resource patches - a case study of fungivorous beetles

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Sverdrup-Thygeson
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Species Assemblages ◽  
Fomes Fomentarius ◽  
Darkling Beetle ◽  
Control Dataset ◽  
Southern Norway ◽  
Resource Patches ◽  
Made In

The study focuses on a colonization experiment of beetles, using sporocarps of tinder fungus Fomes fomentarius. Initially, a mapping of all sporocarps of F. fomentarius and its inhabitants was made in a 225 ha area of boreal forest in southern Norway (control dataset). 62% of the sporocarps contained one or more beetle individuals. Experimental sporocarps were then placed out for three years, collected and dissected. 21% of these were colonized. The comparison between control and experiment showed that species assemblages were rather similar. Successful between-tree colonization and reproduction in experimental sporocarps by the darkling beetle Bolitophagus reticulatus was observed. Cis jacquemartii colonized 14% of the experimental sporocarps, and there was no effect of distance from known dispersal sources on colonization for this species. This indicates that C. jacquemartii was well able to locate and colonize new substrate within the scale covered in the study.

scholarly journals Timing of Cut-Stump Herbicide Applications for Killing Hardwood Trees on Power Line Rights-of-Way

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-125
Author(s):  
Benjamin Ballard ◽  
Christopher Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Power Line ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Reliable Transmission ◽  
Hardwood Trees ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Herbicide Mixtures ◽  
Application Date ◽  
Cut Stump ◽  
Made In

Removal of tall-growing trees on power line rights-of-way is necessary for the safe and reliable transmission of electricity. Cut-stump herbicide treatments have been used at different times of the year to control resprouting and suckering of unwanted hardwood trees on power line corridors in the northeastern United States with varying degrees of success. Growing season applications have typically been thought to be most effective; however, if a high percentage of mortality could also be achieved by selecting an appropriate herbicide mix for early-spring and late-fall applications, vegetation managers would have more flexibility in prescribing and scheduling treatments. The authors evaluated mortality and amount of herbicide applied for April, June, and November using operational-style cut-stump treatments with three herbicide mixes—Accord® + Arsenal®, Garlon 4® + Stalker®, and Pathway®. After 2 years, over 90% mortality was achieved for at least one herbicide mix at all three application dates. Mortality varied by both mix and application date, consistent with herbicide mode of action. In April and June, Accord + Arsenal had lower mortality than Garlon 4 + Stalker or Pathway, but in November, it resulted in slightly higher mortality than the other two mixes. The Garlon 4 + Stalker mix and Pathway had equally high mortality for all treatment dates. Successful use of the cut-stump method in spring through fall may be contingent upon matching herbicide mix to the date of application. These results indicate that Garlon 4 + Stalker or Pathway could be used April through November, but applications with Accord + Arsenal should be made in late summer or fall. These recommendations should be evaluated in other regions and with additional target tree species. The quantity of herbicide used by operational crews varied among application dates and herbicide mixtures and appeared to be strongly influenced by spray equipment and the person applying the herbicide. Minor refinements in application techniques and equipment have the potential to reduce the amount of herbicide used without adversely affecting efficacy, and warrant further consideration.

scholarly journals Reproductive and Environmental Drivers of Time and Activity Budgets of Striped Skunks

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Y Zhang ◽  
C T Williams ◽  
T C Theimer ◽  
C Loren Buck
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Investment In Reproduction ◽  
Mating Interval ◽  
Striped Skunks

Synopsis The regulation of daily and circannual activity patterns is an important mechanism by which animals may balance energetic requirements associated with both abiotic and biotic variables. Using collar-mounted accelerometers, we assess the relative importance of reproductive stage and environmental conditions on the overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA) of free-living striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis). We found that activity timing relative to photoperiod varied across seasonal stages for both sexes. Surprisingly, male skunks did not commence activity earlier than females during the mating interval. Moreover, while female skunks began activity before dusk and terminated activity after dawn during mid- through late summer (lactation period), the duration of activity bouts in females during this period was not different from other seasons. Both male and female skunks exhibited high variability and fragmentation in daily activity rhythms except during the lactation period, when females appear to switch to prolonged bouts of nocturnal activity. Overall, ODBA varied by season and sex, with changes in ODBA indicative of seasonal reproductive requirements such as conspecific competition for mates in males and lactation in females. Weather conditions had little effect on skunk activity levels except during the winter season, when snow cover and temperature negatively influenced daily ODBA. Taken together, the activity patterns of striped skunks appear to be primarily driven by seasonal investment in reproduction and secondarily by thermoregulatory constraints during the non-winter months. Our results highlight the importance of considering how environmental and reproductive drivers may interact to affect activity across both the daily and seasonal cycle.

scholarly journals Sex-biased seasonal capture rates in Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta)

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick D. Moldowan ◽  
Ronald J. Brooks ◽  
Jacqueline D. Litzgus
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Chrysemys Picta ◽  
Painted Turtle ◽  
Biased Sex Ratio ◽  
Provincial Park ◽  
Capture Rates

We examined captures of Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta) in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada, during the understudied summer–autumn transition period (August–September). The proportion of captured male turtles increased relative to the proportion of females during the late summer and early autumn sampling period, leading to male-biased capture rates in a population with a strongly female-biased sex ratio. We consider explanations for the capture bias in relation to sex-specific activity patterns and briefly discuss the implications of sampling period on the outcome of population structure studies.

scholarly journals The Impact of Moth Migration on Apparent Fecundity Overwhelms Mating Disruption as a Method to Manage Spruce Budworm Populations

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Régnière ◽  
Johanne Delisle ◽  
Alain Dupont ◽  
Richard Trudel
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Population Reduction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Negative Relationships ◽  
Moth Migration ◽  
Made In

Aerial applications of a registered formulation of synthetic spruce budworm female sex pheromone were made in 2008, 2013 and 2014 to disrupt mating in populations of this forest insect pest in Quebec, Canada. Each year, the applications resulted in a 90% reduction in captures of male spruce budworm moths in pheromone-baited traps. A commensurate reduction in mating success among virgin females held in individual cages at mid-crown of host trees was also obtained. However, there was no reduction in the populations of eggs or overwintering larvae in the following generation (late summer and fall). The failure of this approach as a viable tactic for spruce budworm population reduction could have resulted from considerable immigration of mated females, as evidenced by high rates of immigration and emigration that caused steep negative relationships between apparent fecundity and the density of locally emerged adults.

Habitat selectivity of Clemmys guttata in central Ontario

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Haxton ◽  
Michael Berrill
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Active Season ◽  
Clemmys Guttata

A radiotelemetry study was conducted on spotted turtles, Clemmys guttata, in central Ontario from 28 April 1994 through 30 October 1995 to ascertain their habitat selection and requirements. Six turtles were tracked during 1994 and nine during 1995. During the active season, from just after emergence from hibernation in spring until late summer, marshes were primarily selected. As the season progressed, turtles shifted from marshes to predominantly bogs. Hibernation was exclusively in bogs. Spotted turtles displayed high fidelity to and were gregarious in hibernacula.

Home Range and Activity Patterns of Pregnant Female Skinks, Tiliqua-Rugosa

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Fergusson ◽  
D Algar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Home Range ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Pregnant Female ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Tiliqua Rugosa

Published estimates of the home range size and movements of the skink Tiliqua rugosa reveal high variability between lizards at any one time and also between seasons. Differences between the sexes could account for some of this variability. In particular, it could be anticipated that the greater body weight of pregnant females restricts movements and thereby reduces home range size. However, movements and home range size of pregnant females in late summer are not significantly different from estimates based on both sexes. This cannot be explained by extensive foraging to sustain the growth of the fetus(es), because the pregnant females maintain relatively constant body weight until parturition. It is still not clear what determines home range size in this lizard.

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