scholarly journals Nonlinear analysis of heart rhythm in preeclampsia: a route for translational clinical applications in neuroinflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Javier Reyes-Lagos ◽  
Eric Alonso Abarca-Castro
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Analysis ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Sterile Inflammation ◽  
Maternal Condition ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Maternal Immune System ◽  
Nonlinear Features ◽  
Invasive Method

AbstractPreeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific condition which gets detected through hypertension and excessive protein excretion in urine. While preeclampsia used to be regarded as a self-limiting maternal condition which resolved with the delivery of the placenta, it is nowadays considered a complex and multifactorial disease that affects the offspring. Unfortunately, the etiology and pathophysiology of this multifaceted disorder remain elusive. Recent findings have confirmed that an altered maternal autonomic function may play a vital role in developing preeclampsia in conjunction with an imbalanced maternal immune system. Additionally, further evidence supports the crucial role of an exacerbated immune response driven by a non-infectious trigger during preeclampsia. Therefore, as a sterile inflammation, the elucidation of the neuroinflammatory mechanisms of preeclampsia warrants obtaining relevant knowledge suitable for translational clinical applications.Heart rate variability (HRV) is an affordable and non-invasive method for indirectly assessing the autonomic nervous system and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP). Notably, the nonlinear analysis of HRV offers novel indexes to explore the neuroimmune interactions in diverse preclinical and clinical settings of inflammation. Given that the dynamics of HRV is nonlinear in health, we hypothesized that a neuroinflammatory condition in preeclampsia might be associated with changes in nonlinear features of maternal and fetal HRV. Thus, the present review aims to present evidence of the potential changes in maternal-fetal HRV associated with neuroinflammatory modifications in preeclamptic women. We considered that there is still a need for assessing the nonlinear features of maternal and fetal HRV as complementary biomarkers of inflammation in this population in future studies, being a potential route for translational clinical applications.

NON-INVASIVE BLOOD OXYGEN SATURATION MONITORING (SpO2) USING TRANSMITTANCE FOR PULSE OXIMETER

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (06) ◽  
pp. 1950043
Author(s):  
Anupama Sarkar ◽  
Vineet Sinha ◽  
Sadhana A. Mandlik ◽  
J. Kathirvelan
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Photo Detectors ◽  
Invasive Method

Measuring oxygen saturation of blood (SpO2) clinically plays a vital role in patient’s health monitoring. In fact, monitoring oxygen level is necessary for people having respiratory problems (pulmonary hypertension) and in other critical conditions. The primary motivation of this work is to develop a low cost computer-based oxygen saturation monitoring system using an embedded system along with lab windows CVI platform. The process of calculating the level of oxygen saturation in the blood using non-invasive method is also called as pulse oximetry, which consists of LED and photo detectors, using MSP430FG4618 microcontroller. The MSP430 employed in designing the microcontroller firmware program for digitization and transmission of the data from sensor to the computer. NI-based Lab windows/CVI Platform was developed as a part of this project to receive, plot, save data and determine the accuracy of SpO2 value. In this proposed system, we have achieved the maximum accuracy of 99.49% which is better than the previously developed methods. The proposed system is also designed with the low cost and low power consuming modules.

Malfunctional Reorganization in the Developing Limbo-Prefrontal System in Animals: Implications for Human Psychoses?

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Gertraud Teuchert-Noodt ◽  
Ralf R. Dawirs
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Activity Dependent

Abstract: Neuroplasticity research in connection with mental disorders has recently bridged the gap between basic neurobiology and applied neuropsychology. A non-invasive method in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculus) - the restricted versus enriched breading and the systemically applied single methamphetamine dose - offers an experimental approach to investigate psychoses. Acts of intervening affirm an activity dependent malfunctional reorganization in the prefrontal cortex and in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and reveal the dopamine position as being critical for the disruption of interactions between the areas concerned. From the extent of plasticity effects the probability and risk of psycho-cognitive development may be derived. Advance may be expected from insights into regulatory mechanisms of neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus which is obviously to meet the necessary requirements to promote psycho-cognitive functions/malfunctions via the limbo-prefrontal circuit.

Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and Pregnancy: A hypothetical view

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed RG
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Cellular Therapy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Maternal Immune System ◽  
Perinatal Management ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: The complications of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and its COVID-19 disease on mothers and their offspring are less known. Objective: The aim of this review was to determine the transmission, severity, complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the pregnancy. This review showed the influence of COVID-19 disease on the neonatal neurogenesis. Owing to no specific vaccines or medicines that were reported for the treatment of COVID-19 disease, this review suggested some control strategies like treatments (medicinal plants, antiviral therapy, cellular therapy, and immunotherapy), nutrition uptake, prevention, and recommendations. Discussion: This overview showed in severely states that SARS-CoV-2 infection during the early stage of pregnancy might increase the risk of stress, panic, and anxiety. This disorder can disturb the maternal immune system, and thus causing a neurodevelopmental disturbance. This hypothesis may be depending on the severity and intensity of the SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. However, vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from dams to their fetuses is absent until now. Conclusion: During this global pandemic disease, maintaining safety during pregnancy, vaginal delivery, and breastfeeding may play a vital role in a healthy life for the offspring. Thus, international and national corporations should be continuing for perinatal management, particularly during the next pandemic or disaster time.

scholarly journals CT perfusion in peripheral arterial disease—hemodynamic differences before and after revascularisation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Veit-Haibach ◽  
Martin W. Huellner ◽  
Martin Banyai ◽  
Sebastian Mafeld ◽  
Johannes Heverhagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Ct Perfusion ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Therapy Control ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was the assessment of volumetric CT perfusion (CTP) of the lower leg musculature in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) before and after interventional revascularisation. Methods Twenty-nine consecutive patients with symptomatic PAD of the lower extremities requiring interventional revascularisation were assessed prospectively. All patients underwent a CTP scan of the lower leg, and hemodynamic and angiographic assessment, before and after intervention. Ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI) was determined. CTP parameters were calculated with a perfusion software, acting on a no outflow assumption. A sequential two-compartment model was used. Differences in CTP parameters were assessed with non-parametric tests. Results The cohort consisted of 24 subjects with an occlusion, and five with a high-grade stenosis. The mean blood flow before/after (BFpre and BFpost, respectively) was 7.42 ± 2.66 and 10.95 ± 6.64 ml/100 ml*min−1. The mean blood volume before/after (BVpre and BVpost, respectively) was 0.71 ± 0.35 and 1.25 ± 1.07 ml/100 ml. BFpost and BVpost were significantly higher than BFpre and BVpre in the treated limb (p = 0.003 and 0.02, respectively), but not in the untreated limb (p = 0.641 and 0.719, respectively). Conclusions CTP seems feasible for assessing hemodynamic differences in calf muscles before and after revascularisation in patients with symptomatic PAD. We could show that CTP parameters BF and BV are significantly increased after revascularisation of the symptomatic limb. In the future, this quantitative method might serve as a non-invasive method for surveillance and therapy control of patients with peripheral arterial disease. Key Points • CTP imaging of the lower limb in patients with symptomatic PAD seems feasible for assessing hemodynamic differences before and after revascularisation in PAD patients. • This quantitative method might serve as a non-invasive method, for surveillance and therapy control of patients with PAD.

scholarly journals Asymmetric TCD Findings in Malignant MCA Infarction, Resolution after Decompressive Hemicraniectomy: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Hazel Gaile  Barrozo ◽  
Maria Anna De Guzman ◽  
Jose  Navarro ◽  
Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Effects ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Brain Swelling ◽  
Decompressive Hemicraniectomy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Malignant Mca Infarction ◽  
Subsequent Rise ◽  
Very High ◽  
Hemispheric Infarct

Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is a non-invasive method for assessing cerebral hemodynamics in the acute phase of stroke. We report a case of a 33-year-old man who presented with a massive left hemispheric infarct developing into “malignant” MCA infarction. TCD was utilized to monitor intracranial hemodynamics while the clinical and neuroimaging findings were used to help us in the decision to proceed with decompressive craniectomy (DC). Pre-operatively, there was reduced mean flow velocities (MFV) of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) with increasing pulsatility index (PI) ipsilateral to the infarct. The subsequent but smaller rise in the PI in the contralateral MCA was suggestive of very high intracranial pressure (ICP) from massive brain swelling. Serial TCD examinations post-operatively showed normalization of the PI, and subsequent rise in the left MCA MFV. Clinical improvement was also noted as the TCD findings improved. The asymmetry in TCD findings can be attributed to occlusion of the MCA with subsequent spontaneous recanalisation, occlusion of the MCA with subsequent recanalisation due to the DC, or initial occlusion and subsequent pressure effects on the arterioles of the MCA due to the “malignant” edema of that hemisphere that was relieved by DC. This case illustrates the value of TCD as a useful modality in monitoring intracranial hemodynamics in acute stroke.

CEUS detection of biliary ischaemia during the first 4 weeks after liver transplantation predicts non-anastomotic biliary stricture

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Bo-wen Zheng ◽  
Shu-hong Yi ◽  
Tao Wu ◽  
Mei Liao ◽  
Ying-cai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Biliary Stricture ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Validation Group ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽  
Full Cohort ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Nas Score

BACKGROUND: Biliary ischaemia is an important factor in the pathogenesis of non-anastomotic biliary stricture (NAS) after liver transplantation (LT). Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) can be used to detect biliary ischaemia, but no study has examined the utility of CEUS in predicting NAS. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether repeated CEUS as a non-invasive method of biliary ischaemia can identify NAS. METHODS: Consecutive LT patients who underwent CEUS examinations at 1–4 weeks after LT from September 2012 to December 2015 at our institution were included. The CEUS images and clinical data were analysed. RESULTS: Among 116 eligible LT patients, 39 (33.6%) were diagnosed with NAS within 1 year after LT. The patients with NAS had a significantly higher CEUS score at weeks 2–4 (all P <  0.05) and a higher slope of CEUS score progression (0.480 vs –0.044, P <  0.001). The accuracy of CEUS in identifying NAS improved over time after LT, reaching its maximum at week 4, with a sensitivity of 66.7%, a specificity of 87.9%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 75.9%, a negative predictive value (NPV) of 82.3%, and an accuracy of 80.2%in the full cohort when a CEUS score≥3 was used as the cut-off. Multivariate analysis identified gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alanine transaminase (ALT) and the CEUS score at week 4 as independent predictors of NAS. In the task of identifying NAS, an NAS score combining the above 3 variables at week 4 showed areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.88 (95%CI, 0.78–0.99) in the estimation group (n = 60) and 0.82 (95%CI, 0.69–0.96) in the validation group (n = 56). An NAS score cut-off of 0.396 identified 87.2%of NAS cases in the estimation group, with a PPV of 93.3%; and 75.0%of NAS cases in the validation group, with a PPV of 58.8%. CONCLUSIONS: CEUS examination during the first 4 weeks is useful in assessing the risk of NAS within 1 year after LT. In particular, an NAS score combining the CEUS score, GGT level, and ALT level at week 4 can be used to accurately predict the risk of NAS in LT patients.

scholarly journals Monitoring New Long-Lasting Intravitreal Formulation for Glaucoma with Vitreous Images Using Optical Coherence Tomography

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Maria Jesus Rodrigo ◽  
Amaya Pérez del Palomar ◽  
Alberto Montolío ◽  
Silvia Mendez-Martinez ◽  
Manuel Subias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Relative Intensity ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method

Intravitreal injection is the gold standard therapeutic option for posterior segment pathologies, and long-lasting release is necessary to avoid reinjections. There is no effective intravitreal treatment for glaucoma or other optic neuropathies in daily practice, nor is there a non-invasive method to monitor drug levels in the vitreous. Here we show that a glaucoma treatment combining a hypotensive and neuroprotective intravitreal formulation (IF) of brimonidine–Laponite (BRI/LAP) can be monitored non-invasively using vitreoretinal interface imaging captured with optical coherence tomography (OCT) over 24 weeks of follow-up. Qualitative and quantitative characterisation was achieved by analysing the changes in vitreous (VIT) signal intensity, expressed as a ratio of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) intensity. Vitreous hyperreflective aggregates mixed in the vitreous and tended to settle on the retinal surface. Relative intensity and aggregate size progressively decreased over 24 weeks in treated rat eyes as the BRI/LAP IF degraded. VIT/RPE relative intensity and total aggregate area correlated with brimonidine levels measured in the eye. The OCT-derived VIT/RPE relative intensity may be a useful and objective marker for non-invasive monitoring of BRI/LAP IF.

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