scholarly journals Endophytic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, confer control of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in two tomato varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizzy A. Mwamburi
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Background The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an important pest of tomatoes that reduces yield and fruit quality resulting in losses of up to 100%. The pest has developed resistance to chemical insecticides, therefore necessitating alternative control measures. The entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae have been exploited extensively for biological control of the insect pests of economic importance. Results The potential of B. bassiana (Bals.) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) (BbC1) and M. anisopliae (Metchn.) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) (M150) to persist as endophytic EPF in two tomato varieties, Matina and Harzfeuer, which spread within host tissues and protect plants against larval attack of S. frugiperda was evaluated. Tomato seedlings were inoculated by dipping roots in either BbC1 or M150 spore suspensions (108 spores/ ml). The qPCR analyses revealed the presence of both fungi in > 65% of the tested samples. Second-instar larvae of S. frugiperda were introduced onto inoculated plants that revealed the presence of fungal DNA and non-inoculated plants, 14 days after inoculation. Treating tomato plants with the EPF resulted in reducing weights and slowing larval development of Spodoptera. Larvae fed on BbC1 and M150-treated Matina significantly reduced weights than those treated with Harzfeuer tomato plants. The tomato variety Matina conferred enhanced level of resistance to the S. frugiperda larvae, further aggravated by the presence of both fungi through dietary stress resulting in slow development and reduce larval weight. Conclusion These results may serve the tomato production systems and the S. frugiperda integrated management programs.

scholarly journals Effect of seed treatment with insecticides on the control of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in soybean

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yago Barros Triboni ◽  
Luciano Del Bem Junior ◽  
Carlos Gilberto Raetano ◽  
Matheus Mereb Negrisoli
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

ABSTRACT Fall armyworm is one of the main insect pests in Brazil. Thus, the present work aimed to evaluate the seed treatment effect on the control of Spodoptera frugiperda in initial infestations of soybean crops. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates of six insecticide treatments applied through seed treatment: imidacloprid plus thiodicarb at the dose of 52.5 plus 105 g a.i. (active ingredient) 100 kg-1 of seed (Cropstar® 0.350 L 100 kg-1 of seed); thiamethoxam at 105 g a.i. 100 kg-1 of seed (Cruiser 350 FS® 0.3 L 100 kg-1 of seed); chlorantraniliprole at 62.5 g a.i. 100 kg-1 of seed (Dermacor® 0.1 L 100 kg-1 of seed); cyantraniliprole at 120 g a.i. 100 kg-1 of seed (Fortenza 600 FS® 0.2 L 100 kg-1 of seed); fipronil plus pyraclostrobin and thiophanate-methyl 50 + 5 + 45 g a.i. 100 kg-1 of seed (Standak Top® 0.2 L 100 kg-1 of seed), and a control treatment. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse. Diamide insecticides (chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole) presented the best results among all treatments, with lower consumption of the treated leaves by the caterpillars and greater control efficacy of this insect. We verified that seed treatment is a viable alternative for controlling S. frugiperda at the beginning of crop development, when the caterpillar presents the behavior of cutting the seedlings and/or the consumption of leaf area, causing a reduction in the plant population and a consequent yield loss.

Hospederos alternativos y estandarización de métodos para evaluar la actividad biocontroladora de micoinsecticidas

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. e7678
Author(s):  
Lissette Torres-Torres ◽  
Carlos Espinel-Correal ◽  
Adriana Marcela Santos-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Diatraea Saccharalis ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Los hongos entomopatógenos Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota: Clavicipitaceae) y Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Cordycipitaceae) son una alternativa para el control de plagas de gramíneas (e.g. Rhammatocerus schistocercoides (Orthoptera: Acrididae) y de soya (e.g. Cerotoma tingomariana; Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Con el fin de utilizar estos microorganismos como principio activo de micoinsecticidas, es necesario contar con métodos de control de calidad microbiológico, fisicoquímico y de actividad biológica que sean repetibles y reproducibles en el tiempo. Por tal razón, y dada la dificultad en la recolecta de individuos en el campo y en el establecimiento de crías masivas de R. schistocercoides y de C. tingomariana, se establecieron métodos para la evaluación rutinaria de la actividad biológica mediante el uso de hospederos alternativos. Para M. anisopliae, dirigido al control de R. schistocercoides, se evaluaron las especies Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) y Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) mientras que para B. bassiana, dirigido al control del insecto C. tingomariana, se evaluaron D. saccharalis y Chloridea virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Se seleccionaron a D. saccharalis y C. virescens como insectos alternativos para evaluar la eficacia de M. anisopliae y B. bassiana, respectivamente con eficacia cercana al 80 %, en los dos casos. Los métodos con los insectos alternativos seleccionados fueron estandarizados y se demostró que son repetibles y reproducibles bajo las condiciones evaluadas. Los hongos entomopatógenos Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota: Clavicipitaceae) y Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Cordycipitaceae) son una alternativa para el control de plagas de gramíneas (e.g. Rhammatocerus schistocercoides (Orthoptera: Acrididae) y de soya (e.g. Cerotoma tingomariana; Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Con el fin de utilizar estos microorganismos como principio activo de micoinsecticidas, es necesario contar con métodos de control de calidad microbiológico, fisicoquímico y de actividad biológica que sean repetibles y reproducibles en el tiempo. Por tal razón, y dada la dificultad en la recolecta de individuos en el campo y en el establecimiento de crías masivas de R. schistocercoides y de C. tingomariana, se establecieron métodos para la evaluación rutinaria de la actividad biológica mediante el uso de hospederos alternativos. Para M. anisopliae, dirigido al control de R. schistocercoides, se evaluaron las especies Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) y Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) mientras que para B. bassiana, dirigido al control del insecto C. tingomariana, se evaluaron D. saccharalis y Chloridea virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Se seleccionaron a D. saccharalis y C. virescens como insectos alternativos para evaluar la eficacia de M. anisopliae y B. bassiana, respectivamente con eficacia cercana al 80 %, en los dos casos. Los métodos con los insectos alternativos seleccionados fueron estandarizados y se demostró que son repetibles y reproducibles bajo las condiciones evaluadas.

scholarly journals Patogenicidade de isolados de fungos entomopatogênicos à Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhyego Thomazoni ◽  
Marina Andressa Formentini ◽  
Luis Francisco Angeli Alves
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a patogenicidade, em condições de laboratório, de 49 isolados dos fungos entomopatogênicos das espécies Beauveria bassiana e Metarhizium anisopliae, contra lagartas de Spodoptera frugiperda. Lagartas de 3o ínstar foram imersas em suspensões de 1 × 109 conídios/mL de cada um dos isolados por 10 segundos. Posteriormente, foram individualizadas em placas de Petri com dieta artificial, sendo incubadas a 26 ± 1°C e 12 horas de fotofase, e avaliadas, diariamente, durante dez dias. Os isolados de B. bassiana mostraram-se mais eficientes, com destaque para o Unioeste 26, que provocou 44,5% de mortalidade e gerou a maior quantidade de conídios nos testes de produção do fungo. Apesar da porcentagem de mortalidade baixa, tais estudos evidenciam potencial dos fungos entomopatogênicos como promissores agentes de controle de S. frugiperda.

Resistance in Maize to Euxesta stigmatias Loew (Diptera: Otitidae)2

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. T. Scully ◽  
G. S. Nuessly ◽  
R. L. Beiriger
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Maize Germplasm ◽  
Corn Silk ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The corn silk fly, Euxesta stigmatias Loew (Diptera: Otitidae), and related otitid species can cause severe crop losses to sweet corn, Zea mays L., grown in tropical and subtropical regions. In Florida, the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and E. stigmatias are two debilitating insect pests on the sweet corn ear that are considered the most costly and difficult to control. Our purpose was to search for resistance to the corn silk fly in a diverse set of maize germplasm that included sweet, floury, field and popcorn, and to determine if any empirical relationship existed between E. stigmatias damage and S. frugiperda infestation in corn ears. The overall means across two sites, 3 yrs and 16 genotypes was 1.77 for corn silk fly damage, rated on a 0 to 4 prototype scale, and 30.1% for fall armyworm infestation. Clear differences existed between the sweet and popcorn types when compared to the field and floury types. The field and floury corns sustained significantly less damage by the corn silk fly than the sweet and popcorn types (0.91 vs 3.33). Five of these genotypes, CEW-R58, DDSB, GT-RI4, Mp704 and ‘Zapalote Chico 2451’, had both lower corn silk fly damage ratings and lower levels of fall armyworm infestation. Across this broad germplasm base no statistical relationship was identified between corn silk fly damage and fall armyworm infestation, suggesting that each insect species responds independently to different maize genotypes. Husk extension was partly related to reduced S. frugiperda infestation, and tip tightness was partly related to reduced E. stigmatias damage. These results indicate that field corn could possibly serve as source of resistance to the corn silk fly for the improvement of sweet corn.

scholarly journals Isolation, identification and virulence of indigenous entomopathogenic fungal strains against the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2022 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Ullah ◽  
Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza ◽  
Mohamed Alkafafy ◽  
Samy Sayed ◽  
Muhammad Imran Hamid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Infected Insect ◽  
Conidial Concentration ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Background As different biogeographic strains and isolates of entomopathogenic fungi vary in their genetic, enzymatic and pathogenic characteristics, this study assessed the virulence of 2 indigenous strains of Beauveria bassiana (Balsam) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorokin (Ascomycota, Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae), isolated from naturally infected insect cadavers, against the 3rd instar nymphs of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and 3rd instar larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) using leaf-dip and larval-dip methods, respectively. Results Both fungal isolates exhibited considerable pathogenicity against M. persicae and S. frugiperda. Mortality in all bioassays was conidial concentration and exposure time dependent and increased significantly along with both factors (R2 = 0.86–0.99 for B. bassiana and 0.82–0.94 for M. anisopliae). Moreover, M. anisopliae isolate appeared more virulent to S. frugiperda larvae than B. bassiana isolate, while the later fungal isolate was more lethal to M. persicae nymphs than the former one. At the highest conidial concentration (1.0 × 109 conidia/ml), M. anisopliae caused maximum mean mortality of S. frugiperda (88%) and M. persicae (65%) and B. bassiana exhibited maximum mean mortality of S. frugiperda (76%) and M. persicae (94%). Moreover, probit regression analyses showed LT50 values for M. persicae of 4.57 and 6.86 days at 1.0 × 109 conidia/ml for the isolates of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae, respectively, while LC50 values were 7.75 × 106 and 8.70 × 107 conidia/ml after 10th day of application, for the isolates of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae, respectively, against M. persicae. Similarly, LT50 values for S. frugiperda were 7.75 and 7.03 days for 1.0 × 109 conidia/ml concentration and LC50 values were 2.84 × 107 and 8.84 × 105 conidia/ml at 10th day data for the isolates of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae, respectively. Conclusion Overall study results demonstrated the effectiveness of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae against M. persicae and S. frugiperda, respectively. However, field evaluations of these indigenously isolated promising fungal strains against these insect pests.

scholarly journals Impact of an Exotic Invasive Pest, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on Resident Communities of Pest and Natural Enemies in Maize Fields in Kenya

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1074
Author(s):  
Bonoukpoè Mawuko Sokame ◽  
Boaz Musyoka ◽  
Julius Obonyo ◽  
François Rebaudo ◽  
Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Exotic Invasive Species ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exotic Invasive ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The interactions among insect communities influence the composition of pest complexes that attack crops and, in parallel, their natural enemies, which regulate their abundance. The lepidopteran stemborers have been the major maize pests in Kenya. Their population has been regulated by natural enemies, mostly parasitoids, some of which have been used for biological control. It is not known how a new exotic invasive species, such as the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), may affect the abundance and parasitism of the resident stemborers. For this reason, pest and parasitism surveys have been conducted, before and after the FAW invaded Kenya, in maize fields in 40 localities across 6 agroecological zones (AEZs) during the maize-growing season, as well as at 3 different plant growth stages (pre-tasseling, reproductive, and senescence stages) in 2 elevations at mid-altitude, where all maize stemborer species used to occur together. Results indicated that the introduction of the FAW significantly correlated with the reduction of the abundance of the resident communities of maize stemborers and parasitoids in maize fields; moreover, the decrease of stemborer density after the arrival of FAW occurred mostly at both reproductive and senescent maize stages. It also suggests a possible displacement of stemborers by FAW elsewhere; for example, to other cereals. However, since this study was conducted only three years after the introduction of the FAW, further studies will need to be conducted to confirm such displacements.

scholarly journals First record of a parasitoid, Megaselia (M) scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae) of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from India

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharanabasappa S. Deshmukh ◽  
S. Kiran ◽  
Atanu Naskar ◽  
Palam Pradeep ◽  
C. M. Kalleshwaraswamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outer Surface ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
First Record ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Megaselia Scalaris ◽  
Maize Cultivation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractThe fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), has become a major threat in maize cultivation since its invasion to India in 2018. The humpbacked fly, Megaselia scalaris (Loew) (Diptera: Phoridae), was recorded as a laboratory parasitoid of FAW, for the first time in India. Initially, 30–40 maggots of M. (M) scalaris emerged out from the dead pre-pupa and pupa of laboratory-reared FAW. The fly laid up to 15 eggs on the outer surface of 6th instar larva or pre-pupa of the FAW. The incubation period was 1–2 days. The fly had 3 larval instars which lasted 3–4 days and a pupal period of 10–11 days. The adults survived for 6–7 days.

Impact of Bt cotton on the immune system and histology of the midgut of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin M. Cunha ◽  
Valéria Wanderley-Teixeira ◽  
Jorge B. Torres ◽  
Álvaro A.C. Teixeira ◽  
Thiago J.S. Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Cry1ac Toxin ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Natural Tolerance ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Despite the efficiency of transgenic plants expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins as insecticides against several lepidopterans, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one species that presents low susceptibility to most Bt crops. This study investigated the effects of the Cry1Ac toxin expressed by Bt cotton in the midgut of S. frugiperda and its effects on the humoral and cellular immune responses. Three hypotheses were proposed and tested with contributing factors for the natural tolerance of S. frugiperda: (i) midgut regenerative cells are activated by the Cry1Ac toxin, and thus renew the epithelial cells damaged by the protein, (ii) Cry1Ac increased production of nitric oxide or phenoloxidase in the hemolymph, and (iii) there are qualitative and quantitative variations in the hemocyte levels of S. frugiperda. Caterpillars were reared using Bt cotton (Acala 90B) and non-Bt isolines (Acala 90), from the first to the fourth instar. The Bt cotton promoted elongation of the epithelial cells in the midgut of S. frugiperda caterpillars. Hence, evidence only supported the hypothesised increase of phenoloxidase (ii) and qualitative and quantitative differences in hemocyte levels (iii) in insects that were fed with Bt and non-Bt cotton. These parameters seem to explain the low susceptibility of S. frugiperda to Cry1Ac toxin and they are a viable set of responses for the evaluation of other xenobiotic factors.

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