scholarly journals Neonatal adjustments in respiratory and pulse rates in tropical breeds of buck-kids and doelings

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Buhari Habibu ◽  
Mohammed Umaru Kawu ◽  
Tagang Aluwong ◽  
Hussaina Joan Makun
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Tissue Perfusion ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Diurnal Difference ◽  
Hot Season ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Cardiovascular Functions ◽  
Pulmonary Respiration

Abstract Background The transition to pulmonary respiration and the termination of foetal cardiovascular shunts is expected to commence immediately after birth. Subsequently, alveolar ventilation and tissue perfusion must be established, despite the challenge of extra-uterine environmental conditions, which could be quite demanding, even to the adult animals. The current study evaluated neonatal adjustment and diurnally induced changes in respiratory and pulse rates in kids of Red Sokoto, Sahel and West African Dwarf (WAD) goats in a tropical climate. Results Morning and afternoon respiratory rates started decreasing (P < 0.05) in the second week of birth. The pulse rate in the morning hours rose (P < 0.05) on Day 1 with no significant fluctuation subsequently, while the pattern in the afternoon hours showed a progressive decrease (P < 0.05) after birth. Apart from the day of birth, respiratory rate on other days increased significantly from morning to afternoon hours. The afternoon pulse rate was higher (P < 0.05) on the day of birth, but lower (P < 0.05) on Day 2 as compared to the morning values; and no diurnal difference was observed in subsequent days. The WAD goats had significantly higher respiratory and pulse rates than Red Sokoto and Sahel kids, especially in the afternoon hours. Similarly, the values were higher (P < 0.05) in doelings than buck-kids during the morning hours. The correlation between respiratory and pulse rates was positive (P < 0.05) and the strength of the association increased with age. Conclusion It was concluded that the afternoon rise in ambient temperature induced the establishment of a clear diurnal variation in respiratory rate 24 h postnatal, while the diurnal variation in pulse rate was weak and irregular. The tropical climate may be quite challenging to the attainment of physiological stability in respiratory and cardiovascular functions of neonatal goat kids, especially during the hot season.

EFFECT OF SEASON ON PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THREE BREEDS OF CATTLE RAISED IN SUDAN SAVANNA ZONE

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-190
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Bature ◽  
A. M. Aliyu ◽  
G. Dau
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Indigenous Breed ◽  
Hot Season ◽  
White Fulani ◽  
Sudan Savanna ◽  
Savanna Zone

This study was conducted to test the effect of season and breed on thermoregulatory parameters of three Nigerian indigenous breeds of cattle raised in Sudan Savanna Zone. A total number of nine (9) cattle aged between 4-5 years were used for this study. Data were taken for sixteen weeks across two seasons; Cold and Hot Season from three indigenous breed of cattle. Rectal temperature was recorded using digital thermometer, pulse rate was determined using stethoscope and respiratory rate was determined by counting of the respiratory movements of flank area. Data of ambient temperature and relative humidity were recorded on daily basis and temperature humidity index was calculated. All data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance using SAS software. Seasons significantly (P < 0.05) affect all the thermoregulatory parameters of with hot seasons having the highest values. Breed influenced (p<0.05) all the parameters measured. Red Bororo had the highest rectal temperature, while Sokoto has the least rectal temperature. Higher respiratory rate was recorded in SokotoGudali. Respiratory Rate of White Fulani are statistically similar with both Red Bororo and SokotoGudali, but Respiratory Rate of Red Bororo cattle has significantly difference (P<0.05) with SokotoGudali breeds of cattle. Pulse rate differs significantly (P<0.05), SokotoGudali recorded the highest rate and the least rate was observed in White Fulani cattle. It was concluded that Season affect all the thermoregulatory parameters and all the tested parameters were higher during hot season and SokotoGudali react more to thermal stress than Red Bororo and White Fulani

Effect of season and dietary fibre on feeding behaviour of lactating sows in a tropical climate

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Renaudeau ◽  
J.-L. Weisbecker ◽  
J. Noblet
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Large White ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Hot Season

AbstractTwenty-seven multiparous Large White sows were used to determine the effect of season in a tropical climate and dietary fibre on their feeding behaviour during lactation. The experiment was conducted in Guadeloupe (French West Indies, latitude 16°N, longitude 61°W) between October 1999 and January 2001; climatic conditions in the farrowing room were equivalent to outdoor conditions. Two seasons were determined a posteriori from climatic criteria recorded continuously in the farrowing room. During the warm season, ambient temperature and relative humidity averaged 25°C and 0·868, respectively. The corresponding values for the hot season were 27·5°C and 0·835. Experimental diets offered during lactation were a control diet (C; 140 g neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) per kg) and a high fibre diet (HF; 200 g NDF per kg). Sows were offered food ad libitum between the 6th and the 27th day of lactation. Daily food intake between day 6 and day 27 decreased during the hot season (P < 0·001; 3226 v. 5571 g/d during the warm season). This was achieved by a reduction of both meal size (P < 0·05; 460 v. 718 g per meal) and ingestion and consumption time (P < 0·01; -11·1 and -15·3 min/day, respectively) whereas the number of meals remained constant (8·4 meals per day on average). During warm season, hourly food intake peaked twice daily near sunrise and sunset. During the hot season, peaks were attenuated and food intake was reduced during the hotter periods of the day and increased during the fresher period of the day, especially in early morning. As a result the diurnal partition of food intake was significantly affected by season; proportionately 0·62 and 0·47 of total food intake occurred during the day in warm and in hot seasons, respectively. Standing duration averaged 138 min/ day with no significant difference between seasons. Feeding behaviour criteria were not influenced by diet composition. In conclusion, the season in a humid tropical climate significantly affects the feeding behaviour of lactating sows.

scholarly journals Joint Modeling of Longitudinal Changes of Respiratory Rate, Pulse Rate and Oxygen Saturation With Time to Convalescence Among Pneumonia Patients: A comparison of Separate and Joint Models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yenefenta Wube Bayleyegne ◽  
Sindu Azmeraw Kassahun
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Joint Modeling ◽  
Joint Models ◽  
Longitudinal Outcomes ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Cohort Study Design

Abstract Background: Globally, pneumonia is the first infectious disease which is the leading cause of children under age five morbidity and mortality with 98% of deaths in developing countries. Objective: The study aimed to identify the determinant factors that jointly affect the longitudinal measures of pneumonia (respiratory rate, pulse rate and oxygen saturation) and time to convalescence or recovery of under five admitted pneumonia patients at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.Methods: A prospective cohort study design was used on 101 sampled under five admitted pneumonia patients from December 2019 to February 2020. The study was conducted using joint model of longitudinal outcomes and survival outcomes.Results: The significant values of shared parameters in the survival sub model shows that the use of joint modeling of multivariate longitudinal outcomes with the time to event outcome is the best model compared to separate models. The estimated values of the association parameters for γ_1, γ_2 and γ_3 were -0.297, -0.121 and 0.5452 respectively and indicates that; respiratory rate and pulse rate were negatively related with recovery time, whereas oxygen saturation was positively associated with recovery time. As age of patients increased by one month, the average respiratory rate and pulse rate were significantly decreased by 0.3759 bpm and 1.1012 bpm respectively keeping other variables constant, but age has no information about oxygen saturation. Conclusion: Residence, birth order, severity and visit were found as determinants of the longitudinal measures of pneumonia and time to recovery of under-five admitted pneumonia patients jointly. To improve child survival, the community should be responsible for post ponding child birth and marriage.

scholarly journals Predictors of In-hospital Mortality of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Adult Population

2017 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 591-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhupendra Shah ◽  
Bijay Bartaula ◽  
Janak Adhikari ◽  
Hari Shankar Neupane ◽  
Birendra Prasad Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Predictors Of Mortality ◽  
Gcs Score

ABSTRACT Introduction: Stroke is the second most common cause of mortality worldwide. Data regarding the predictors of mortality of acute ischemic stroke are widely discordant. Identifying the predictors and providing the utmost care to a high-risk patient is still an unmet need in middle- to low-income countries. We did this study to identify the predictor of in-hospital mortality of acute ischemic stroke. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients with acute ischemic stroke presented to the tertiary care center in eastern Nepal from January 2012 to December 2016. We enrolled patients of age 18 years and older with acute ischemic stroke in this study. The primary outcome of the study was in-hospital mortality of enrolled patients. Predictors of mortality were analyzed by comparing the patients with acute ischemic stroke who had mortality with those who survived. Results: The mean age of enrolled patients was 66 years. Among 257, the in-hospital mortality rate was 20.5%. The patients with in-hospital mortality had lower Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score (9 vs. 12, P < 0.001) compared to those who survived. During admission, a patient with in-hospital mortality had significantly lower arterial oxygen saturation (92 vs. 95, P < 0.001), higher pulse rate (91 vs. 83, P =0.009), and higher respiratory rate (24 vs. 21, P < 0.001) than those patients with acute ischemic stroke who survived. Conclusion: Lower GCS score, baseline higher pulse rate, higher respiratory rate, and lower arterial oxygen saturation are the predictors of in-hospital mortality of adult with acute ischemic stroke.

scholarly journals Vital-SCOPE: Design and Evaluation of a Smart Vital Sign Monitor for Simultaneous Measurement of Pulse Rate, Respiratory Rate, and Body Temperature for Patient Monitoring

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanghao Sun ◽  
Takemi Matsui ◽  
Yasuyuki Watai ◽  
Seokjin Kim ◽  
Tetsuo Kirimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Simultaneous Measurement ◽  
Vital Sign ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Pearson's Correlation ◽  
The Mean

Consistent vital sign monitoring is critically important for early detection of clinical deterioration of patients in hospital settings. Mostly, nurses routinely measure and document the primary vital signs of all patients 2‐3 times daily to assess their condition. To reduce nurse workload and thereby improve quality of patient care, a smart vital sign monitor named “Vital‐SCOPE” for simultaneous measurement of vital signs was developed. Vital-SCOPE consists of multiple sensors, including a reflective photo sensor, thermopile, and medical radar, to be used in simultaneous pulse rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature monitoring within 10 s. It was tested in laboratory and hospital settings. Bland-Altman and Pearson’s correlation analyses were used to compare the Vital-SCOPE results to those of reference measurements. The mean difference of the respiratory rate between respiratory effort belt and Vital-SCOPE was 0.47 breaths per minute with the 95% limit of agreement ranging from −7.4 to 6.5 breaths per minute. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient was 0.63 (P<0.05). Moreover, the mean difference of the pulse rate between electrocardiogram and Vital-SCOPE was 3.4 beats per minute with the 95% limit of agreement ranging from −13 to 5.8 beats per minute; the Pearson’s correlation coefficient was 0.91 (P<0.01), indicating strong linear relationship.

The Diurnal Variation of Stroke in Ghana

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Roberts ◽  
O K Opare-Sem ◽  
J W Acheampong
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Diurnal Pattern ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Temperate Climates

In 68 patients presenting with stroke in Ghana a significant ( P <0.001) peak in onsets occurred between 0600 h and 1000 h. There were no significant differences in time of onset between men and women or hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients. Reasons for the peak of onsets are discussed. A similar diurnal pattern of stroke has been described in temperate countries: any benefits such as timing of prophylactic measures that ensue from research on stroke in temperate climates are likely to be of benefit if also applied to those at risk of stroke in a tropical climate.

INTRATHECALLY ADMINISTERED ADJUVANTS MIDAZOLAM AND CLONIDINE WITH BUPIVACAINE ON HEMODYNAMIC STABILITY- A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-14
Author(s):  
Ganga Nagalakshmi ◽  
Subha . J
Keyword(s):  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Sensory Block ◽  
Sensory Level ◽  
Motor Blockade ◽  
Hemodynamic Stability ◽  
Sensory Blockade

We conducted a double blinded randomized control study in 60 patients belonging to ASA I and II undergoing elective lower abdominal surgeries. Patients of both sexes ranging between 22 to 65 years of age were included. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of intrathecal midazolam 2mg and clonidine 30 mcg as adjuvant to bupivacaine for hemodynamic stability and postoperative analgesia. Patients were divided randomly using closed cover technique into two groups of 25 each.Group BM received 3ml of 0.5% heavy bupivacaine 0.4ml midazolam (preservative free) and 0.1ml of normal saline. Group BC received 3ml of 0.5% heavy bupivacaine, 0.2ml clonidine and 0.3 ml of normal saline. The total volume of the injected solution was 3.5ml in both groups. The onset of sensory and motor blockade, the duration of sensory and motor blockade, peak sensory level, time to achieve maximum sensory level, changes in pulse rate, changes in mean arterial pressure, duration of analgesia, respiratory rate, o saturation, 2 sedation score and adverse effects were noted in both groups. The data collected were analyzed by Chi square test and students't' tests. We found that onset of sensory and motor blockade, time to achieve maximum sensory level, and duration of complete motor recovery was earlier in BM group than BC group. Duration of Sensory block and duration of analgesia were prolonged in BM group than BC group. In both groups, no signicant changes were observed in respiratory rate, O saturation and sedation in our study. Intrathecal Midazolam as an adjuvant to bupivacaine 2 comparing to Clonidine resulted Rapid onset of sensory and motor blockade, Achieves maximum sensory level at a shorter interval, Increased duration of sensory blockade and decreased duration of Motor blockadeIt gives stable mean arterial pressure and pulse rate.

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