scholarly journals Looks can be deceiving: the deceptive milkcaps (Lactifluus, Russulaceae) exhibit low morphological variance but harbour high genetic diversity

IMA Fungus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Delgat ◽  
Glen Dierickx ◽  
Serge De Wilde ◽  
Claudio Angelini ◽  
Eske De Crop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
North America ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Its1 Sequence ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Thin Walled

Abstract The ectomycorrhizal genus Lactifluus is known to contain many species complexes, consisting of morphologically very similar species, which can be considered cryptic or pseudocryptic. In this paper, a thorough molecular study is performed of the clade around Lactifluus deceptivus (originally described by Peck from North America) or the deceptive milkcaps. Even though most collections were identified as L. deceptivus, the clade is shown to contain at least 15 species, distributed across Asia and America, indicating that the L. deceptivus clade represents a species complex. These species are morphologically very similar and are characterized by a tomentose pileus with thin-walled hyphae and a velvety stipe with thick-walled hyphae. An ITS1 sequence was obtained through Illumina sequencing for the lectotype of L. deceptivus, dating from 1885, revealing which clade represents the true L. deceptivus. In addition, it is shown that three other described species also belong to the L. deceptivus clade: L. arcuatus, L. caeruleitinctus and L. mordax, and molecularly confirmed that L. tomentoso-marginatus represents a synonym of L. deceptivus. Furthermore, two new Neotropical species are described: Lactifluus hallingii and L. domingensis.

scholarly journals First Insight into a Nationwide Genotypic Diversity ofMycobacterium tuberculosisamong Previously Treated Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases in Benin, West Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dissou Affolabi ◽  
N’Dira Sanoussi ◽  
Sergio Codo ◽  
Fréderic Sogbo ◽  
Prudence Wachinou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Insight Into

Background. Molecular studies on tuberculosis (TB) are rare in low-resource countries like Benin, where data on molecular study on previously treated TB cases is unavailable.Materials and Methods. From January to December 2014, all smear- and culture-positive previously treated pulmonary TB patients from all TB clinics were systematically recruited. Drug susceptibility testing and spoligotyping were performed on all isolates.Results. Of the 100 patients recruited, 71 (71.0%) were relapse cases and 24 (24.0%) were failure cases, while 5 (5.0%) were default cases. Resistance rate to any first-line drug was 40.0%, while 12.0% of strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and no strain was extensively drug-resistant (XDR). A total of 40 distinct spoligotypes were found to be corresponding to a genotypic diversity of 40.0%. ST61 was the most predominant spoligotype with prevalence of 33.0%. In all, 31 single spoligotypes and nine clusters were observed with 2 to 33 strains per cluster giving a clustering rate of 69.0%. Euro-American (Lineage 4) was the most prevalent lineage (74.0%) and Lineage 2 was associated with resistance to streptomycin.Conclusion. This first insight into genetic diversity of previously treated pulmonary TB patients in Benin showed a relatively high genetic diversity ofMycobacterium tuberculosis.

Four new Neotropical species of Episcepsis Butler, 1877 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5020 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-366
Author(s):  
KARLA MANTILLA ◽  
JUAN GRADOS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Genital Morphology ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Species Complexes

The genus Episcepsis Butler, 1877 is widely distributed in the Neotropical region and currently includes 43 valid species many of them described solely based on external morphology. The existence of species complexes makes their identification difficult without examination of genital morphology. Four new species from Brazil, Cuba and Peru are described herein; Episcepsis andina sp. nov., E. diversa sp. nov., E. insularis sp. nov. and E. travassosi sp. nov. Comparisons with other similar species as well as photographs of external morphology and male genitalia are provided.  

scholarly journals Haplotype variation in the Physa acuta group (Basommatophora): genetic diversity and distribution in Serbia

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. RAKOVIĆ ◽  
M. B. RAKOVIĆ ◽  
A. M. PETROVIĆ ◽  
N. Z. POPOVIĆ ◽  
J. A. ĐUKNIĆ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
North America ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Freshwater Gastropods ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
Physa Acuta ◽  
Haplotype Variation ◽  
Migrating Birds

The genus Physa (= Physella) includes the most abundant and diverse freshwater gastropods native to North America. Due to their invasive nature many species occur throughout the world. The most abundant species, Physa acuta, has been introduced to Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia by human commerce and migrating birds. This species is widely distributed throughout Serbia. The aim of this study was to explore the genetic diversity of P. acuta from Serbia, and to determine the evolutionary relationships among native Physidae populations from North America, Mexico and Cuba and populations from Europe using sequences of the mitochondrial 16S rDNA gene. The ML (Maximum Likelihood) tree revealed two clades within Physidae, and two clades that correspond to the families Planorbidae and Lymnaeidae. In the Physidae clade there are two separate clades: one includes the species Physa spelunca, and the second includes samples of P. acuta. We determined three different haplotypes within specimens from Serbia. One haplotype is genetically closest to species Physa heterostrofa (synonym of P. acuta) from Philadelphia, while the other two are very close to P. acuta specimens from New Mexico. Together with other samples our findings corroborate the notion that we are dealing with one panmictic population of P. acuta and not with several separate species, despite the high genetic diversity between and among the populations. Our results indicate that in the same population in Serbia, there is high genetic distance between samples. Despite the small number of analyzed samples, our findings point to multiple introductions of P. acuta from different locations in America.

High genetic diversity in the Dirofilaria repens species complex revealed by mitochondrial genomes of feline microfilaria samples from Narathiwat, Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra Yilmaz ◽  
Sirichit Wongkamchai ◽  
Sabrina Ramünke ◽  
Georgios D. Koutsovoulos ◽  
Mark L. Blaxter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Dirofilaria Repens ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
High Genetic Diversity

scholarly journals Quantifying morphological variation in the Castilleja pilosa species complex (Orobanchaceae)

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7090
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Jacobs ◽  
Sarah Herzog ◽  
David C. Tank
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Taxonomic Confusion ◽  
Species Descriptions ◽  
The Impact

Robustly delimited species are of paramount importance, the identification of which relies on our ability to discern boundaries between one species and the next. This is not difficult to do when species are very distinct from one another. However, in recently evolved lineages where putative species may have relatively few diagnostic features (e.g., species complexes composed of very similar species, the boundaries between which are often unclear), defining species boundaries can be more challenging. Hence, the field of species delimitation has widely advocated the use of multiple lines of evidence to delimit species, particularly in species complexes. Excessive taxonomic confusion, often the result of species descriptions that shift through time (e.g., during revisionary work and regional treatments), can further complicate the search for diagnostic features in species complexes. Here, as a first step in robustly delimiting species boundaries, we quantify and describe morphological variation in the Castilleja pilosa species complex. We first infer the morphospace of the species complex and use fuzzy-clustering techniques to explore the morphological variation in the system. Next, we hypothesize the position of type specimens within that morphospace. In so doing, we aim to visualize the impact that regional treatments have had on the conceptualization of taxa through time. We find that there is limited morphological variation among members of this complex, and we determine that the morphological concept of these species have shifted through time and are no longer accurately represented by species descriptions.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in two leading Plasmodium vivax malaria vaccine candidates AMA1 and MSP119 at three sites in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. e0009652
Author(s):  
Sonal Kale ◽  
Veena Pande ◽  
Om P. Singh ◽  
Jane M. Carlton ◽  
Prashant K. Mallick
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Balancing Selection ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Global Population

Plasmodium vivax, a major contributor to the malaria burden in India, has the broadest geographic distribution and shows higher genetic diversity than P. falciparum. Here, we investigated the genetic diversity of two leading P. vivax vaccine candidate antigens, at three geographically diverse malaria-endemic regions in India. Pvama1 and Pvmsp119 partial coding sequences were generated from one hundred P. vivax isolates in India (Chennai n = 28, Nadiad n = 50 and Rourkela n = 22) and ~1100 published sequences from Asia, South America, North America, and Oceania regions included. These data were used to assess the genetic diversity and potential for vaccine candidacy of both antigens on a global scale. A total of 44 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) were identified among 100 Indian Pvama1 sequences, including 10 synonymous and 34 nonsynonymous mutations. Nucleotide diversity was higher in Rourkela and Nadiad as compared to Chennai. Nucleotide diversity measures showed a strong balancing selection in Indian and global population for domain I of Pvama1, which suggests that it is a dominant target of the protective immune response. In contrast, the Pvmsp119 region showed highly conserved sequences in India and across the Oceania, South America, North America and Asia, demonstrating low genetic diversity in the global population when compared to Pvama1. Results suggest the possibility of including Pvmsp119 in a multivalent vaccine formulation against P. vivax infections. However, the high genetic diversity seen in Pvama1 would be more challenging for vaccine development.

scholarly journals Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Genetic Diversity in North America and Europe

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Despoina Ev. Kapantaidaki ◽  
Vassiliki I. Evangelou ◽  
William R. Morrison ◽  
Tracy C. Leskey ◽  
Jacques Brodeur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
North America ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Invasion Pathways ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
The Us ◽  
Mitochondrial Sequences ◽  
First Time

The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is an invasive species in North America and Europe that damages many different host plants. Substantial work has been conducted on the genetic diversity and invasion pathways of H. halys in some of the countries where it has been found, based on mitochondrial sequences. The main objective of the present study was to further explore the genetic diversity of invasive populations of H. halys exploiting both mitochondrial and nuclear markers. We used two molecular markers: the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene, an ideal standardized molecular marker for distinguishing closely related species, and the ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1), because only a few sequences of H. halys exist to this point in global databases. We used specimens from eight populations from Greece, Italy, Canada, and the US. Among the 14 haplotypes retrieved based on the mtCOI gene, two of them (H162–H163) were detected for the first time. These two haplotypes were found in specimens from Canada, Italy, and the US. Concerning the ITS1 region, 24 haplotypes were identified, with 15 being unique for a sampled population. In Greece and the US, 14 and 12 haplotypes were found, respectively, with 7 and 6 of them being unique for Greece and the US, respectively. Our analysis of the nuclear genes of H. halys indicates high genetic diversity of the invading populations in North America and Europe.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document