scholarly journals Supporting the development of scientific understanding when constructing an evolving explanation

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Novak ◽  
David F. Treagust
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Incremental Development ◽  
Freshwater Organisms ◽  
Freshwater System ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Scientific Ideas ◽  
Over Time

AbstractWe explore how students developed an integrated understanding of scientific ideas and how they applied their understandings in new situations. We examine the incremental development of 7th grade students’ scientific ideas across four iterations of a scientific explanation related to a freshwater system. We demonstrate that knowing how to make use of scientific ideas to explain phenomena needs to be learned just as developing integrated understanding of scientific ideas needs to be learned. Students participated in an open-ended, long-term project-based learning unit, constructing one explanation over time to address, “How healthy is our stream for freshwater organisms and how do our actions on land potentially impact the water quality of the stream?” The explanation developed over several weeks as new data were collected and analyzed. Students discussed evidence by revisiting scientific ideas and including new scientific ideas. This research investigates two questions: (1) As students engage in writing a scientific explanation over time, to what extent do they develop integrated understanding of appropriate scientific ideas? and (2) When writing about new evidence, do these earlier experiences of writing explanations enable students to make use of new scientific ideas in more sophisticated ways? In other words, do earlier experiences allow students to know how to make use of their ideas in these new situations? The results indicated statistically significant effects. Through various iterations of the explanation students included richer discussion using appropriate scientific ideas. Students were also able to make better use of new knowledge in new situations.

scholarly journals CTNI-01. EFFECT OF STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY COMPARED TO WHOLE-BRAIN RADIOTHERAPY FOR LIMITED BRAIN METASTASIS ON LONG TERM COGNITION AND QUALITY OF LIFE: A POOLED ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii40-ii41
Author(s):  
Joshua Palmer ◽  
Brett Klamer ◽  
Karla Ballman ◽  
Paul Brown ◽  
Jane Cerhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Whole Brain Radiotherapy ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Brain Radiotherapy ◽  
Over Time

Abstract PURPOSE We investigated the long term impact of SRS and WBRT in two large prospective phase III trials. METHODS Patients with 1–4 BMs +/- resection were randomized to SRS or WBRT. Cognitive deterioration was a drop of >1 standard deviation from baseline in >2/6 cognitive measures (CM). Quality of life (QOL) scores were scored 0–100 point scale. CM and QOL scores were modeled using baseline adjusted Linear Mixed Models (LMM) with uncorrelated random intercept for subject and random slopes for time. Differences over time between groups and the effect of >2 cognitive scores with >2 SD change from baseline were assessed. RESULTS 88 patients were included with median follow up of 24 months. We observed decreasing CM over time (SRS: 4/6; WBRT: 5/6). Mean CM was significantly higher in SRS for Total recall and Delayed Recall at 3, 6, 9, 12 months. More patients in WBRT arm declined 1 SD in >1 and >2 CM at the 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. A 1 SD decline in >3 CM at 1 year was 21% SRS vs 47% WBRT (p=0.02). SRS had fewer patients with a 2 SD decline in >1 CM at every time point. SRS had fewer patients with a 2 SD decline at >2 and >3 CM. WBRT had lower QOL at 3 months, but switched to SRS having lower QOL at 24 months for PWB, EWB, FWB, FactG, BR, and FactBR (p< 0.05). A 2 SD decline in cognition decreased mean FWB by 6.4 units (95% CI: -11, -1.75; p=0.007) and decreased QOL by 5.1 units (95% CI: -7.7, -2.5; p< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We report the first pooled prospective study demonstrating the long term outcomes of patients with BMs after cranial radiation. WBRT was associated with worse cognitive outcomes. Impaired cognition is associated with worse QOL.

scholarly journals Long term outcome of functional independence and quality of life after traumatic SCI in Germany

Spinal Cord ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Möller ◽  
Rüdiger Rupp ◽  
Norbert Weidner ◽  
Christoph Gutenbrunner ◽  
Yorck B. Kalke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Study design Multicenter observational study. Objective To describe the long-term outcome of functional independence and quality of life (QoL) for individuals with traumatic and ischemic SCI beyond the first year after injury. Setting A multicenter study in Germany. Methods Participants of the European multicenter study about spinal cord injury (EMSCI) of three German SCI centers were included and followed over time by the German spinal cord injury cohort study (GerSCI). Individuals’ most recent spinal cord independence measure (SCIM) scores assessed by a clinician were followed up by a self-report (SCIM-SR) and correlated to selected items of the WHO short survey of quality of life (WHO-QoL-BREF). Results Data for 359 individuals were obtained. The average time passed the last clinical SCIM examination was 81.47 (SD 51.70) months. In total, 187 of the 359 received questionnaires contained a completely evaluable SCIM-SR. SCIM scores remained stable with the exception of reported management of bladder and bowel resulting in a slight decrease of SCIM-SR of −2.45 points (SD 16.81). SCIM-SR scores showed a significant correlation with the selected items of the WHO-QoL-BREF (p < 0.01) with moderate to strong influence. Conclusion SCIM score stability over time suggests a successful transfer of acquired independence skills obtained during primary rehabilitation into the community setting paralleled by positively related QoL measurements but bladder and bowel management may need special attention.

Driving Brand Equity With Radical Transparency

2017 ◽  
pp. 18-62 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Brand Equity ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Brand Associations ◽  
Equity Model ◽  
Loyal Customers ◽  
Over Time

The main purpose of this chapter is to analyze the categories of brand equity assets through the prism of radical transparency. The results reveal that the brand equity requires investment and disappears over time if not maintained consistently with the selected business model and the company's values. The chapter is dedicated to systemize the theoretical and practical findings over the brand equity elements. Brand loyalty is the first element of the brand equity model. The benefits for the company which uses the radical transparency practices can be simply synthesized into one big advantage - satisfied and loyal customers who generate stable revenues and profits for the company in the long term. Radical transparency has a major impact on stimulating brand awareness as a factor that is particularly important in the sense that the brand must first enter into the considerations set. The company should be ready and open for cooperation with all interested parties and provide positive feedback whenever necessary. This enhances the perceived quality of the brand and the trust. The application of the radical transparency concept in the overall operation of the company enables the creation of a special set of brand associations that create long-lasting relationships with consumers, mixed with positive emotional mix that seals the success in the long term.

Acupuncture in Neurological Disorders: An Evidence-Based Overview

2020 ◽  
pp. 449-494
Author(s):  
Alexandra Dimitrova
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Common Misconceptions

Over the past 20 years acupuncture has been rapidly gaining in popularity both in clinical practice and in research. New evidence for the benefits of acupuncture in various disorders is emerging seemingly every week, and recent large-scale systematic reviews and meta-analyses have suggested that acupuncture’s benefits in pain conditions can be maintained long term. At present the strongest evidence for acupuncture in the treatment of neurological disorders is in the fields of migraine, tension headaches, diabetic neuropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, and Bell’s palsy. Recent trials suggest that acupuncture may be used as an adjunct in stroke rehabilitation and in improving the quality of life in patients with Parkinson’s disease and dementia. Despite recent mechanistic research advances, much remains unknown about acupuncture’s mechanism of action and there are common misconceptions about the origins of modern-day acupuncture. As acupuncture is being rapidly integrated into mainstream medical practice and increasingly being sought by patients, healthcare providers and neurologists in particular need to be educated about its applications and benefits for various neurological disorders. Our hope is that this chapter will serve toward this educational goal.

275 POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS DO NOT AFFECT QUALITY OF LIFE AFTER ESOPHAGECTOMY

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Jezerskyte ◽  
H Laarhoven ◽  
M Sprangers ◽  
W Eshuis ◽  
M Hulshof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Radio Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Over Time

Abstract   Despite the attempts to reduce postoperative complication incidence after esophageal cancer surgery, up to 60% of patients endure postoperative complications. These patients often have a reduced health related quality of life (HR-QoL) and it may also have a negative effect on long-term survival. The aim of this study is to investigate the difference in short- and long-term HR-QoL in patients with and without a complicated postoperative course. Methods A retrospective comparative cohort study was performed with data from the Dutch Cancer Registry (IKNL) and QoL questionnaires from POCOP, a longitudinal patient reported outcomes study. All patients with esophageal and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer after an esophagectomy with or without neoadjuvant chemo(radio) therapy in the period of 2015–2018 were included. Exclusion criteria were palliative surgery, patients with a recurrence, reconstruction with a colonic or jejunal interposition, no reconstruction and emergency surgery. HR-QoL was investigated at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months postoperatively between patients with and without complications following an esophagectomy. Results A total of 486 patients were included: 270 with and 216 without postoperative complications. The majority of patients were male (79.8%) with a median age of 66 years (IQR 60–70.25). Significantly more patients had comorbidities in the group with postoperative complications (69.6% vs 57.3%, p = 0.001). A significant difference in HR-QoL over time was found between the two groups in “choked when swallowing” score (p = 0.028). Patients that endured postoperative complications reported more problems with choking when swallowing at 9 months follow-up (mean score 12.9 vs 8.4, p = 0.047). This difference was not clinically relevant with a mean score difference of 4.6 points. Conclusion Postoperative complications do not significantly influence the short- and long-term HR-QoL in patients following an esophagectomy. Only one HR-QoL domain showed difference over time, however, this was not clinically relevant.

scholarly journals Predictors of change over time in subjective daytime sleepiness among older adult recipients of long-term services and supports

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 849-861
Author(s):  
Darina V. Petrovsky ◽  
Karen B. Hirschman ◽  
Miranda Varrasse McPhillips ◽  
Justine S. Sefcik ◽  
Alexandra L. Hanlon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Services And Supports ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTObjectives:Daytime sleepiness is associated with multiple negative outcomes in older adults receiving long-term services and supports (LTSS) including reduced cognitive performance, need for greater assistance with activities of daily living and decreased social engagement. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of change in subjective daytime sleepiness among older adults during their first 2 years of receiving LTSS.Design and Setting:Secondary analysis of data from a prospective longitudinal study of older adults who received LTSS in their homes, assisted living communities or nursing homes interviewed at baseline and every 3 months for 24 months.Participants:470 older adults (60 years and older) newly enrolled in LTSS (mean = 81, SD = 8.7; range 60–98; 71% women).Measurements:Subjective daytime sleepiness was assessed every 3 months through 2 years using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Multiple validated measures were used to capture health-related quality of life characteristics of enrollees and their environment, including symptom status (Symptom Bother Scale), cognition (Mini Mental Status Exam), physical function (Basic Activities of Daily Living), physical and mental general health, quality of life (Dementia Quality of Life, D-QoL), depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale) and social support (Medical Outcomes Survey-Social Support).Results:Longitudinal mixed effects modeling was used to examine the relationship between independent variables and continuous measure of daytime sleepiness. Increased feelings of belonging, subscale of the D-QoL (effect size = −0.006, 95% CI: −0.013 to −0.0001, p = 0.045) and higher number of depressive symptoms (effect size = −0.002, 95% CI: −0.004 to −0.001, p = 0.001) at baseline were associated with slower rates of increase in daytime sleepiness over time.Conclusions:Comprehensive baseline and longitudinal screening for changes in daytime sleepiness along with depression and perceived quality of life should be used to inform interventions aimed at reducing daytime sleepiness among older adults receiving LTSS.

The Heights of American Slaves: New Evidence on Slave Nutrition and Health

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Margo ◽  
Richard H. Steckel
Keyword(s):  
American South ◽  
Slave Narratives ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Average Quality ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
Nutritional Adequacy ◽  
The American South ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Over Time

In recent years the nutritional adequacy of the slave diet has received increasing attention from historians. Scholars have analyzed a wide array of sources such as the manuscript censuses of agriculture and population, the ex-slave narratives, diaries, plantation account books, and agricultural and medical journals to shed new light on the quantities, varieties, and nutritional content of foods consumed by slaves (Fogel and Engerman, 1974; Owens, 1976; Sutch, 1975; Kiple and Kiple, 1977; Savitt, 1978; Crawford, 1980; Kahn, 1983). While these studies have yielded considerable information on the average quality of the slave diet in the American South or for slaves in particular localities, relatively little systematic evidence has been available to date on how the level of nutrition varied among different groups in the slave population, and over time.

scholarly journals Quality of Life Among Long-Term Survivors of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Follow-Up Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia K. Smith ◽  
Deborah K. Mayer ◽  
Sheryl Zimmerman ◽  
Christianna S. Williams ◽  
Habtamu Benecha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Long Term Survivors ◽  
Over Time

Purpose Little is known about change in quality of life (QOL) among long-term cancer survivors. We examined change over time in QOL among long-term survivors of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and identified demographic, clinical, and psychosocial risk factors for poor outcomes. Methods Surveys were mailed to 682 lymphoma survivors who participated in a study 5 years earlier, when on average they were 10.4 years postdiagnosis. Standardized measures of QOL, perceptions of the impact of cancer, symptoms, medical history, and demographic variables were reported at both time points and examined using linear regression modeling to identify predictors of QOL over time. Results A total of 566 individuals participated (83% response rate) who were a mean of 15.3 years postdiagnosis; 52% were women, and 87% were white. One third of participants (32%) reported persistently high or improved QOL, yet a notable proportion (42%) reported persistently low or worsening QOL since the earlier survey. Participants who received only biologic systemic therapy reported improvement in physical health despite the passage of time. Older age, more comorbidity, and more or increasing negative and decreasing positive perceptions of cancer's impact were independent predictors of poor QOL. Lymphoma symptom burden, less social support, and having received a transplantation were related to negative perceptions of cancer's impact. Conclusion Moderate to severe symptom burden, limited social support, or having received a transplantation should alert the clinician to potential need for supportive services. Perceptions of cancer's impact are associated with QOL cross-sectionally and longitudinally; modifying these perceptions may thus provide a strategy for improving QOL.

scholarly journals Satisfaction With Outdoor Activities Over Time Among Long-Term Services and Supports Recipients

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 189-190
Author(s):  
Justine Sefcik ◽  
Karen Hirschman ◽  
Darina Petrovsky ◽  
Liming Huang ◽  
Nancy Hodgson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Assisted Living ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Chronic Health ◽  
Outdoor Activities ◽  
Services And Supports ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Approximately 85% of older adults have at least one chronic health condition. The onset of chronic health conditions and mobility issues can constrain activities, including outdoor recreation. There is limited knowledge of older adults receiving long-term services and supports (LTSS) and their satisfaction with outdoor activities over time after enrolling in services. This study examined predictors of change in ratings of satisfaction with outdoor activities. A secondary analysis was conducted of data involving structured interviews with older adults (N=470) over the first two years of receiving LTSS (Health-Related Quality of Life: Elders in Long-Term Care; R01AG025524). Participants lived in assisted living communities, nursing homes, or their home. A single item on satisfaction with outdoor activities (assessed using a 5-point Likert scale: not at all to extremely satisfied) was the primary outcome. Mixed effects linear regression modeling using a backward elimination process was used for building a final multivariable model. In the final model, older age (p&lt;0.001) and higher overall quality of life ratings (p&lt;0.001) at baseline were associated with slower rates of increase in outdoor satisfaction over time. Higher education level (p=0.035) at baseline was associated with a faster rate of increase in outdoor satisfaction over time. Additionally, those who moved into an assisted living community (p=0.024) or nursing home (p=0.016) at baseline were associated with faster rates of increase in outdoor satisfaction over time compared to those in the home. Knowledge of factors influencing satisfaction with outdoor activities can assist interdisciplinary teams implement interventions for individual or organizational changes.

scholarly journals Estudio De La Brecha Empresario-Investigador: La Percepción Del Empresario

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Carlos Ángel Méndez-Peón ◽  
Margarita Herrera-Avilés ◽  
Alfredo Toriz-Palacios ◽  
Manuel González-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Good Relationship ◽  
Innovation Projects ◽  
The University ◽  
Competitive Economy ◽  
Over Time

Competitiveness and productivity are crucial for the development of a country. A more competitive economy can grow faster over time. Technological innovation is the strongest pillar that guarantees long term competitiveness and quality of life for both developed and emerging countries. The University-Enterprise relationship (RUE) is a resource that is used to build a strong pillar of innovation. Therefore, it is important that a good relationship should be established between the main participants, the entrepreneur and the researcher (E-I). However, current literature has largely ignored the problem of the personnel involved. In contributing to the knowledge of this subject, we examined the gap that exists between the entrepreneur and the researcher (ERG), the importance of empathy in the E-I collaboration, and the factors that impact this collaboration the most from the entrepreneur stand point. The study was exploratory and transversal and data was gathered through interviews and questionnaires. The sample consisted of expert entrepreneurs with experience in innovation projects carried out in collaboration with researchers. The results show that 70% of the interviewed entrepreneurs recognize the existence of ERG. 87.5% of the entrepreneurs surveyed see empathy as a very significant factor for the E-I relationship, and there were 32 factors that are most influential on this collaboration.

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