scholarly journals Utility of shear wave ultrasound elastography in evaluation of testicular stiffness in patients with varicocele

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Tohamy Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Ultrasound Elastography ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Stiffness Evaluation ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background Testicular varicocele is the most frequent cause of male infertility. The study aimed at evaluation of testicular stiffness in patients with varicocele measured by shear wave ultrasound elastography (SWE) in correlation to patient semen analysis (total sperm count) and varicocele grade. This case–control study involved 50 patients (40 patients with bilateral testicular varicocele and 10 patients with unilateral Lt. testicular varicocele of different grades) and 25 healthy controls. All participants underwent physical examination, semen analysis (patient group subdivided in two groups: group A; normospermic and group B; oligospermic), scrotal grey scale and Doppler ultrasound, and shear wave ultrasound elastography with measurement of mean testicular stiffness. Evaluation of testicular stiffness and correlation to varicocele grade and semen analysis (total sperm count) were done. Results The mean testicular stiffness value measured by SWE in patients with testicular varicocele was greater than that of healthy controls (7.46 ± 1.64 kPa vs. 3.84 ± 0.62 kPa, P < 0.001). The mean testicular stiffness value in group B exceeded that of group A (8.57 ± 1.53 kPa vs. 6.34 ± 1.76 kPa, P = 0.001). A moderate positive correlation was found between mean testicular stiffness value and the varicocele grade (P = 0.01) which was more evident in group B than in group A (P = 0.01). Conclusions Testicular ultrasound SWE is a quantitative noninvasive imaging method which helps in the assessment of testicular parenchymal changes due to varicocele. Higher testicular stiffness values were found in testes of patients with varicocele, more in oligospermic patients than the testes of healthy controls. Testicular stiffness is moderately correlated to varicocele grade.

Comparison of Open Sub-Inguinal and Microscopic Sub-Inguinal Varicocelectomy for Improvement of Sperm Parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2882-2885
Author(s):  
Saleem Shahzad ◽  
Muhammad Waqar Shahid ◽  
Muhammad Azeem Mughal ◽  
Ismat Ullah ◽  
Attiq-ur- Rehman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
Group A ◽  
Treatment Objective ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trail ◽  
Group B ◽  
Keywords Male Infertility

Background: Varicoceles along with oligospermia as well as with asthenozoospermia lead to the male infertility. It can weaken the spermatogenesis via many different pathophysiological mechanisms. Many surgical and non-surgical methods are available for its treatment. Objective: To compare microscopic versus open sub-inguinal varicocelectomy in males with varicocele with oligospermia and asthenozoospermia. Study Design: Randomized controlled trail Place and Duration of Study: Department of Urology, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore from 1st May to 30th November 2017. Methodology: One hundred and fifty males with varicocele were recruited and divided in two equal groups. Group A patients underwent microsurgical sub-inguinal varicocelectomy and Group B patients underwent conventional/open sub-inguinal varicocelectomy. Semen analysis was done before surgery and after four months of surgery and 50% improvement in semen parameters were noted. Results: The mean age was 31.69±5.49 years. In group A and group-B ≥50% improvement was observed in 36 (48%) and 21 (28%) respectively. The improvement was significantly higher in group A than group B (p>0.012). Conclusion: The improvement in sperm count and motility was significantly higher in patients treated with microsurgical sub-inguinal varicocelectomy when treated with conventional/open sub-inguinal varicocelectomy. Keywords: Male infertility, Varicocele, Varicocelectomy, Seminal parameters, Microsurgical sub-inguinal, Conventional/open sub-inguinal

scholarly journals Comparative study between the outcome of Laparoscopic Palomo and open inguinal Varicocelectomy

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-162
Author(s):  
Uttam Karmaker ◽  
SM Mahbub Alam ◽  
Md Shafiqul Alam Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammed Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Md Nazmul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Testicular Atrophy ◽  
P Value ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: The ideal method of varicocele treatment is a controversial issue. The present study was designed to compare the outcome of laparoscopic palomo and open inguinal varicocelectomy. Methods: The present quasi experimental study was conducted in the Department of Urology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, between July 2010 and June 2012 to compare the outcome of open inguinal and laparoscopic Palomo approach of varicocelectomy. Purposively selected 50 patients were divided into equal two groups, Group A and Group B treated with open inguinal varicocelectomy and laparoscopic Palomo varicocelectomy respectively. Statistical analyses were done by using SPSS and p value <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: In the present study, mean age of the patients of Group A and Group B were 29.1 ± 2.0 and 28.9±1.5 years respectively. Among the patients of Group A developed neither hydroeele nor testicular atrophy, where as in patients of Group B 20% and 12% developed hydrocele and testicular atrophy respectively. The recurrence rate of varicocele was lower in the Group A than that in the Group B. The findings of semen analysis at 1st and 2nd follow up visits show that there was negligible improvement in semen quality in terms of sperm count, motility and morphology. Conclusion: Open inguinal varicocelectomy is better than laparoscopic palomo varicocelectomy. Although sooner return to work is achieved by laparoscopic varicocelectomy, complications are more frequent than the open inguinal method. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v22i2.21527 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 22, No.2, October, 2013, Page 156-162

Fertility in Ex-Cryptorchids: Study of 159 Cases

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-219
Author(s):  
C. Milani ◽  
A. Bettella ◽  
A. Ferlint ◽  
G. Oliva ◽  
F. Aragona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undescended Testis ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Bilateral Cryptorchidism ◽  
Late Treatment ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Very High

The Authors report their experience in the fertility evaluation of 159 men who underwent, during childhood, orchiopexy for cryptorchidism. Patients were divided into two groups. Group A consisted of 67 patients out of 442 subjected to orchiopexy between 1975 and 1983. Group B consisted of 92 patients out of 1052 evaluated for infertility. All patients were evaluated by semen analysis, testis ultrasound, FSH, LH, Testosterone. The percentage of normospermic patients in Group A was 51.7% and in Group B 14.7% (p < 0.001). When bilateral cryptorchidism was present the percentage of semen anomalies was very high: 16.6% and 40% of azoospermia in Group A and B respectively. In patients with monolateral cryptorchidism the mean testicular volume of the undescended testis is significantly lower than the contralateral one. This latter fact only is related to sperm concentration and is inversely proportional to FSH value. In monolateral cryptorchidism the sperm concentration seems to be unrelated to previous treatment (orchiopexy vs orchiectomy). Even if the Authors cannot exclude the possibility of testicular damage due to late treatment, they point out the possibility of a primary testicular anomaly. The involvement of the contralateral normally-descended testis seems to confirm this possibility which needs, however, to be confirmed through a structural study.

Placental elastography in second trimester preeclampsia prediction: A prospective study

Ultrasound ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1742271X2110405
Author(s):  
Rajkumar Meena ◽  
Amita Malik ◽  
Swarna Jain ◽  
Achla Batra
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of placental shear wave elastography in predicting preeclampsia at 16 to 20 weeks of gestation. Materials and methods A total of 230 pregnant women between 16 and 20 weeks of gestation were observed for the study. These women underwent shear wave elastography ElastPQ (Philips Healthcare, Bothell, Washington, USA) of the placenta. The mean value of placental shear modulus was obtained for each participant. These participants were followed up for the development of preeclampsia and were divided into two groups; group A included those who developed preeclampsia and group B included those who remained normotensive until delivery. The elasticity values of the two groups were compared, and the ROC curve was drawn to obtain the best cut-off value that would predict the onset of preeclampsia. Results Placental shear modulus varied from 1.03 kPa to 7.4 kPa at 16 to 20 weeks of gestation with an average of 2.74 ± 0.87 kPa. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean value of elasticity between two groups, being 4.61 kPa in group A and 2.51 kPa in group B. Maximum diagnostic accuracy was obtained at 2.9667 kPa with area under the curve 0.970, sensitivity 92%, specificity 91.71%, positive predictive value 57.5% and negative predictive value 98.9%. Conclusion Stiffness of placenta, quantitatively measured by SWE at 16 to 20 weeks of gestation, is higher in the women who develop preeclampsia and hence may be used for predicting preeclampsia.

scholarly journals Effects of aqueous leaf extract of Corchorus olitorius on sperm count and sperm motility of adult wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Godwin Chinedu Uloneme
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: The plant, Corchorus olitorius is consumed by many tribes and cultures for both nutritional and therapeutic purposes. Purpose: The study was therefore designed to investigate, evaluate and unravel the possible effects of the plant extract on the sperm count and sperm motility. Method: A total number of thirty two adult Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 200 g separated into four groups labeled A,B,C and D respectively were used for the study. Animals in group A which served as the control group were fed with the normal rat chow and water only. The group B rats were administered 100mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorius; while those in group C were administered 500mg/kg body weight of the extract. The group D rats received 1000mg/kg body weight of the extract. For a period of four weeks, the different experimental animal groups received the respective aforementioned treatments once daily, around nine- o’clock in the morning through oral intubation. At the end of the 28 day treatment, the rats were sacrificed and the testes and accompanying epididymis harvested for investigations using standard laboratory standards. Results: Surprisingly, semen analysis showed that group B, C and D rats had an improved and increased sperm motility rate over group (A). Again, there was a pronounced significant increase in the average sperm count of the rats treated with varying doses of Corchorus olitorius leaf extract over that of the control group, a development that appeared to be dose dependent.

Study the Relationship Between Estrogen Hormone and Calcium in Normal Females Before and After Menopause in Baghdad / Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameerah Mustafa ◽  
Asal Tawfeeq ◽  
Hadeel Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Age Range

This study involved the collection of (90) samples of women serum which included (30) serum samples collected from women before menopause (reproductive women) in the age range of (22-43) years and were considered as (group A- control). While, (group B) included (30) serum samples collected from women using oral contraceptive pills between the ages of (22-43) years old. Whereas, another (30) serum samples were collected from women after menopause between the ages of (43-54) years and were considered as (group C). All of the collected serum samples were subjected to a number of serological and chemical tests for the measurement of (E2, HDL, LDL and Ca). Then, the obtained data were statistical analyzed and results showed a significant decrease (p˂ 0.05) in (E2 ,Ca and HDL) levels in menopausal women compared to that of the normal healthy controls. While, there were non-significant decrease (p> 0.05) in (E2, Ca and HDL) levels in women taking oral contraceptive when compared to the normal healthy controls. On the other hand, a significant increase (p˂ 0.05) was recorded in LDL level in menopausal women compared to that of the normal healthy controls whereas, no-significant increase (p˃ 0.05) in the LDL level in women taking oral contraceptives when compared to the control women.

Comparative Study of effectiveness of mobilization with movement (MWM) and End range mobilization (ERM) techniques in frozen shoulder

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-522
Author(s):  
Jeyakumar S ◽  
Jagatheesan Alagesan ◽  
T.S. Muthukumar
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Frozen Shoulder ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: Frozen shoulder is disorder of the connective tissue that limits the normal Range of motion of the shoulder in diabetes, frozen shoulder is thought to be caused by changes to the collagen in the shoulder joint as a result of long term Hypoglycemia. Mobilization is a therapeutic movement of the joint. The goal is to restore normal joint motion and rhythm. The use of mobilization with movement for peripheral joints was developed by mulligan. This technique combines a sustained application of manual technique “gliding” force to the joint with concurrent physiologic motion of joint, either actively or passively. This study aims to find out the effects of mobilization with movement and end range mobilization in frozen shoulder in Type I diabetics. Materials and Methods: 30 subjects both male and female, suffering with shoulder pain and clinically diagnosed with frozen shoulder was recruited for the study and divided into two groups with 15 patients each based on convenient sampling method. Group A patients received mobilization with movement and Group B patients received end range mobilization for three weeks. The outcome measurements were SPADI, Functional hand to back scale, abduction range of motion using goniometer and VAS. Results: The mean values of all parameters showed significant differences in group A as compared to group B in terms of decreased pain, increased abduction range and other outcome measures. Conclusion: Based on the results it has been concluded that treating the type 1 diabetic patient with frozen shoulder, mobilization with movement exercise shows better results than end range mobilization in reducing pain and increase functional activities and mobility in frozen shoulder.

Age related volume of cadaver-prostates in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Rukshana Ahmed ◽  
Shamim Ara
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group A ◽  
Key Words Prostate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Pathological changes in the prostate gland occur commonly with advancing age including inflammation, atrophy, hyperplasia and carcinoma and a change in volume is also evident. Estimation of volume of prostate may be useful in a variety of clinical settings. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed to see the changes in volume of the prostate with advancing age and done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from August 2006 to June 2007. The study was performed on 70 post-mortem human prostates collected from the unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age groups; group A (10-20 years), group B (21-40 years) and group C (41-70 years). Volume of the sample was measured by using the ellipsoid formula. The mean ± SD volume of prostate was 7.68 ± 3.64 cm3 in group A, 10.61 ± 3.99 cm3 in group B and 15.40 ± 6.31 cm3 in group C. Mean difference in volume between group A and group C, group B and group C were statistically significant (p<0.001). Statistically significant positive correlation was found between age and volume of prostate (r = + 0.579, p < 0.001). Key Words: Prostate; volume; Bangladeshi. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6501Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 74-77

Efficacy and Safety of Oral Ivermectin and Topical Permethrin in the Treatment of Scabies

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Mohsena Akhter ◽  
Ishrat Bhuiyan ◽  
Zulfiqer Hossain Khan ◽  
Mahfuza Akhter ◽  
Gulam Kazem Ali Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

Background: Scabies is one of the most common skin diseases in our country. It is caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis, which is an ecto-parasite infesting the epidermis. Scabies is highly contagious. Prevalence is high in congested or densely populated areas. Individuals with close contact with an affected person should be treated with scabicidal which is available in both oral and topical formulations. The only oral but highly effective scabicidal known to date is Ivermectin. Amongst topical preparations, Permethrin 5 % cream is the treatment of choice. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy & safety of oral Ivermectin compared to topical Permethrin in the treatment of scabies. Methodology: This prospective, non-randomized study was conducted at the out-patient department of Dermatology and Venereology of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College & Hospital over a period of 6 months, from August 2016 to January 2017. The study population consisted of one hundred patients having scabies, enrolled according to inclusion criteria. They were divided into two groups. group A was subjected to oral Ivermectin and the group B to Permethrin 5% cream. Patients were followed up on day 7 and 14 for assessment of efficacy and safety. Result: The mean scoring with SD in group A (Ivermectin) and group B (Permethrin) were 8.26 ± 2.22 and 7.59 ± 2.01 respectively at the time of observation. The difference between the mean score of the two group is not significant (p=0.117) the mean scoring with SD in group A and group B were 4.54 ± 2.05 and 1.64 ± 1.84 respectively at 7thdays. The difference between the mean score of the two group is significant (p<0.001). The mean scoring with SD in group A and group B were 2.68± 2.35 and .36± 1.10 respectively at 14th day difference between the mean score of the group is significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Topical application of permethrin 5% cream is more effective and safer than oral Ivermectin in the treatment of scabies. TAJ 2020; 33(1): 41-47

Evaluating of oral and salivary conditions of two specific groups of workers

RSBO ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Eduardo Pizzatto ◽  
Nicolae Carvalho de Paula ◽  
Carolina Dea Bruzamolin ◽  
Paulo H. Tomazinho ◽  
Luciane Variani Pizzatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Group A ◽  
Dmft Index ◽  
Saliva Collection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

Introduction and Objective: Tooth decay is one of the most common chronic oral diseases found in industrial countries and is a multifactorial disease which has sugar as a key dietary factor. The amount of saliva concentration and presence of cariogenic bacteria will favor the development of caries. Because of this, the aim of this study was to collect and analyze data on oral alterations referred to tooth decay, oral pH changes, and changes of the oral microbiota in two distinct groups of workers. Material and methods: 30 individuals belonging to two different groups of workers: group A (GA) – workers who maintain daily contact with the confectionery; group B (GB) – workers who do not have such contact. Saliva collection was done by analysis of the salivary pH in both groups, as well as cultivation of Lactobacillus spp and S. mutans. We also evaluate the dental status of individuals belonging to the two groups through the DMFT index. Results: After the examinations of 30 workers (17 from the GA [9 men and 8 women] and 13 in the GB [7 men and 6 women]), the mean DMFT of the individuals in the group A and group B, was 7.41 (SD 5.14) 7.08 (SD 5.56), respectively, without statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). The count of S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp, was not statistically significant. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant relationship between presence of dental caries and the fact that workers are in contact with sugar because they work on candy food industry, but new studies are needed for more precise research.

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