Hot Flashes: Common Side Effect

Abstract Introduction Varenicline is the most efficacious smoking cessation treatment, however long-term cessation rates tend to be <25%. Nausea, the most common side effect of varenicline, observed in ~28% of individuals treated, peaks early following treatment initiation and reduces cessation success. Genetic variation influences treatment response, however genetic contributors to individual differences in side effects are less understood. Methods We conducted a genome-wide association study of nausea incidence at one week following the initiation of varenicline treatment (corresponding to the target quit date) in 189 cigarette smokers of European ancestry (NCT01314001). Additive genetic models examining the likelihood of experiencing any versus no nausea controlled for population substructure, age, and sex. Variants with minor allele frequencies (MAF) ≥ 10% were considered. Results Fifty-seven (30.2%) out of 189 participants reported nausea. The top variant associated with nausea was rs1568209 (OR=2.61 for A vs. G allele; 95% CI=1.65,4.15; P=2.1e-7; MAF=48.7%), mapping to the SLCO3A1 drug transporter gene on chromosome 15. In the same trial, rs1568209 was not associated with nausea in either the nicotine patch (P=0.56; n=181) or placebo (P=0.59; n=174) arms. In varenicline-treated smokers, the incidence of nausea was higher in females (44.6%; n=74) versus males (20.9%; n=115) (P=0.001), however there was no evidence of a difference in the influence of rs1568209 on nausea between the sexes (P for sex*genotype interaction=0.36). Future studies in larger samples are required to test the robustness of this finding. Conclusions Variation in SLCO3A1 may influence the risk for developing nausea in varenicline-treated smokers, which may alter adherence and cessation. Implications Varenicline-associated nausea reduces adherence and limits cessation success. Previous candidate gene association studies showed genetic factors influence nausea on varenicline. This pilot genome-wide investigation of nausea, the most common side effect associated with varenicline treatment and an importance cause of treatment discontinuation, suggests the potential involvement of common variation in the SLCO3A1 drug transporter gene.

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Chest Pain: Common Side Effect

Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing ◽

10.1188/21.cjon.s2.6-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 6-9

Author(s):

Anecita Fadol

Keyword(s):

Chest Pain ◽

Side Effect ◽

Common Side Effect

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Sexual Dysfunction: Common Side Effect

Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing ◽

10.1188/21.cjon.s2.16-20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 16-20

Author(s):

Marcelle Kaplan

Keyword(s):

Sexual Dysfunction ◽

Side Effect ◽

Common Side Effect

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Assessment of Patients’ Adherence to Antiepileptic Medications at Dessie Referral Hospital, Chronic Follow-Up, South Wollo, Amhara Region, North East Ethiopia

Neurology Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/5109615 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gizachew Kassahun ◽

Getachew Moges ◽

Yitayew Demessie

Keyword(s):

Side Effect ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Clinical Event ◽

Common Side Effect ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

North East ◽

Patients With Epilepsy ◽

Dessie Referral Hospital

An epileptic seizure is a clinical event presumed to result from an abnormal and excessive neuronal discharge. The clinical symptoms are paroxysmal and may include impaired consciousness and motor, sensory, autonomic, or psychic events perceived by the subject or an observer. Epilepsy occurs when 2 or more epileptic seizures occur unprovoked by any immediately identifiable cause. And in the majority of patients with epilepsy, antiepileptic drugs effectively control their illness. However, more than 30% of people with epilepsy do not attain full seizure control, even with the best available treatment regimen. The aim of this study is to assess self-reported adherence in adult patients with epilepsy and to identify potential barriers for nonadherence to antiepileptic drug treatment in Dessie Referral Hospital. A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted using structured questionnaires including Morisky medication adherence scale and analysis was conducted descriptively using SPSS version 20. The level of nonadherence to antiepileptic medication regimens was 34.1%. The major reason for missing medication was forgetfulness 53.5%. And the most common side effect was sedation 56.2%. Conclusion. Majority of epileptic patients in Dessie Referral Hospital was adherent to their AEDs treatment and among the determinants of adherence assessed the level of education and the side effect of drugs showed statistical significance.

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Drug spider: Pinpointing genes responsible for common side effect produced by several drugs

Toxicology Letters ◽

10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.556 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 229 ◽

pp. S161-S162

Author(s):

Vivien Landre ◽

Richard Knight ◽

Gerry Melino ◽

Alexey Antonov

Keyword(s):

Side Effect ◽

Common Side Effect

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COMPARISON OF EFFICACY AND SAFETY SILODOSIN 8 MG ONCE DAILY AND SILODOSIN 4 MG TWICE DAILY IN BPH PATIENTS WITH LUTS

Indonesian Journal of Urology ◽

10.32421/juri.v26i1.552 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ramzie Nendra Diansyah ◽

Johan Renaldo ◽

Wahjoe Djatisoesanto ◽

Lukman Hakim

Keyword(s):

Adverse Events ◽

Side Effect ◽

Similar Efficacy ◽

Common Adverse Event ◽

Common Side Effect ◽

Urinary Flow ◽

Once Daily ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Male Patients ◽

Maximum Urinary Flow

Objective: This study was aimed to compare the efficacy and side effect of silodosin 8mg once daily and silodosin 4mg twice daily in BPH-LUTS patients after 4 and 12 weeks. Material & Methods: Single blind randomized controlled trials in 60 male patients aged ≥45 years with BPH-LUTS from July 2017 to October 2017 was divided into groups who received 8mg of silodosin once daily and those who received 4mg of silodosin twice daily. Efficacy and adverse events were evaluated after 4 and 12 weeks of treatment. Results: There was no significant difference of mean age of the two groups was 67.93 ± 6.49 years and 69.07 ± 6.28 years respectively (p 0.49). Both doses of this drug decreased the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and significantly increased the maximum urinary flow (Qmax) (p<0.05) but there was no significant differences between the two groups (p>0.05). Ejaculation disorder was the most common side effect in all groups (6.7% and 5%) and there was no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The administration of 8mg of once daily silodosin has similar efficacy as 4mg twice daily silodosin. There were no adverse events differences in the two groups. Ejaculation disorder is the most common adverse event of silodosin administration.

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A community pharmacist's intervention in antipsychotic drug-induced sexual dysfunction in a patient with schizophrenia

10.22541/au.160611844.43380922/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Masaki Maehara ◽

Masayasu Sugiyama

Keyword(s):

Early Intervention ◽

Sexual Dysfunction ◽

Antipsychotic Drug ◽

Community Pharmacist ◽

Side Effect ◽

Community Pharmacists ◽

Common Side Effect ◽

Drug Induced ◽

First Report

Sexual dysfunction (SD) is a common side effect of antipsychotics. The community pharmacist assessed a patient with SD and suggested a change in prescription from risperidone and haloperidol to aripiprazole that improved SD. This is the first report on amelioration of antipsychotic-induced SD by early intervention by community pharmacists.

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Nosedrops and S.I.D.S

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.88.2.419 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 88 (2) ◽

pp. 419-419

Author(s):

GERALD B. HICKSON

Keyword(s):

Side Effect ◽

Case Reports ◽

Common Side Effect ◽

Wide Spread ◽

Over The Counter ◽

Ability To Act ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Therapeutic Doses

In Reply.— The purpose of our paper was to examine the question of safety concerning over-the-counter (OTC) release of promethazine.1 Our stated opinion, that the drug is not appropriate for OTC release, was based on more than a suggested relationship with SIDS, but also on the drug's common side effect of sedation, ability to act as a cerebral stimulant even in therapeutic doses inducing hallucinations, convulsions and encephalopathy in some children, case reports concerning promethazine use and apparent life-threatening events, the potential for families to misuse this drug due to its sedative and antiemetic properties, and most importantly, FDA standards of safety for OTC medications which require "a low potential for harm which may result from abuse under conditions of wide spread availability."2

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Quinacrine Hydrochloride-Induced Yellow Discoloration of the Skin in Children

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.69.2.232 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 232-233

Author(s):

Ronald J. Sokol ◽

Philip K. Lichtenstein ◽

Michael K. Farrell

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Drug Administration ◽

Side Effect ◽

Common Side Effect ◽

Clinical Method ◽

The Past ◽

Drug Of Choice ◽

Bowel Movements ◽

Alternative Drug ◽

History Of

The drug of choice for treatment of giardiasis in children has changed over the past several years. Metronidazole (Flagyl) has been found to be carcinogenic in mice and mutagenic in bacteria,1 and is, therefore, no longer approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of giardiasis. Thus, quinacrine hydrochloride (Atabrine) is the recommended alternative drug for the treatment of giardiasis in children. The purpose of this report is to remind physicians of a common side effect of quinacrine hydrochloride and to call attention to a simple clinical method for its confirmation. CASE REPORT S.W., a 3-year-old white boy, had a three-week history of three to six loose, watery bowel movements per day.

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Psychopharmacology

Oxford Assess and Progress: Psychiatry ◽

10.1093/oso/9780199665662.003.0015 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Kazuya Iwata

Keyword(s):

Dopamine Receptors ◽

Side Effect ◽

Atypical Antipsychotics ◽

Synaptic Cleft ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Common Side Effect ◽

Physical Treatment ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Autonomic Disturbances ◽

Therapeutic Doses

Psychotropic drugs are the main form of physical treatment in psychiatry and they exert their action by mainly acting on dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin, and muscarinic receptors. Antipsychotics, which are the mainline treatment for psychotic illnesses, usually act by blocking dopamine receptors in the dopamine pathways of the brain, usually the mesolimbic system. The D2 receptors are the usual target of the antipsychotics, although clozapine, which is considered the gold standard antipsychotic, has a strong affinity for the D4 receptors. The underlying principle of antipsychotic treatment builds on the dopamine theory of schizophrenia, whereby an excess of dopamine is linked to the development of psychotic symptoms. Overactive dopamine receptors are thought to be involved in this, and thus blockage of the dopamine receptors through antipsychotics can provide relief from psychotic symptoms. Antipsychotics are divided into typical and atypical, and the defining feature of typicals is their propensity to cause EPSEs. This is thought to be due to the fact that typical antipsychotics are not specific for dopamine receptors in the mesolimbic pathways, but can also block those in mesocortical, tuberoinfundibular, and nigrostriatal pathways. Atypical antipsychotics can impact on a variety of receptor types, such as serotonin, and thus they are usually subclassified according to their pharmacological properties. Their heterogeneous pharmacodynamics in part explains their variable side-effect profile. One common side-effect of atypical antipsychotics is their tendency to trigger metabolic syndrome, which is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors including dyslipidaemia, hypertension, central obesity, and impaired glucose tolerance. They also cause endocrine-related side-effects, such as hyperprolactinaemia. An important adverse effect seen with any antipsychotic is neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), which is an idiosyncratic reaction to antipsychotics taken even at therapeutic doses. Patients can present with hyperthermia, rigidity, autonomic disturbances, and altered mental state over 24–48 hours. It can be potentially life threatening, and thus, if suspected, urgent referral to a general hospital is required. Antidepressants also vary greatly with regards to their pharmacological properties, but the majority increase the concentration of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft to alleviate depressive symptoms.

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