INTERNAL FRICTION OF FINE‐GRAINED LIMESTONES AT ULTRASONIC FREQUENCIES

Geophysics ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Peselnick ◽  
Isidore Zietz
Keyword(s):  
Internal Friction ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Complex Moduli ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Solid Friction ◽  
Different Grain Size ◽  
Moduli Of Elasticity ◽  
Made In

Ultrasonic pulse measurements in the 3 to 10 mc/sec frequency range were made of shear and dilatational absorption and velocity for three samples of fine grained, homogeneous, and well compacted limestones at atmospheric conditions. The complex moduli of elasticity were calculated for two limestone specimens of different grain size and porosity. A “hysteresis” or “solid‐friction” type of loss for waves of dilatation was found in all three limestone specimens. Shear measurements made in one of the limestones also show a “hysteresis” type of loss. Comparison of the dilatational loss in a single crystal of calcite to the dilatational loss in the limestones indicates that the internal friction for the limestone specimens probably occurs at the grain boundaries.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF HINGULESWARA RASABASED HERBOMINERAL FORMULATIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Abhishek Chatterjee ◽  
Dileep Singh Baghel ◽  
Bimlesh Kumar ◽  
Saurabh Singh ◽  
Narendra Kumar Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Antioxidant Effects ◽  
Made In ◽  
In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

Objective: The aims of the present investigation were to develop the herbal and/or herbomineral formulations of Hinguleswara rasa and to compare their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, in vitro, with that of standard drug samples.Methods: This study was an interventional investigation in three samples: In the first sample, Hinguleswara rasa (HR1) was prepared as per methodology described in Rasatarangini using Shuddha Hingula (10 g), Shuddha Vatsanabha (10 g), and Pippali (10 g). In the second and third sample, respectively, Hinguleswara rasa was prepared by replacing Shuddha Hingula with Kajjali where Kajjali made from Hingulotha parada and Sodhita parada constitutes two varieties of Hinguleswara rasa, i.e. HR2 and HR3. In vitro antioxidant activity was studied using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and the absorbance was recorded at 517 nm. For evaluating the in vitro anti-inflammatory studies, the inhibition of albumin denaturation technique was performed.Results: The results showed that the formulation of Hinguleswara rasa has shown dose-dependent activity which was observed in 100 μg concentration. HR1, HR2, and HR3 showed 36.11, 17.22, and 16.11% radical scavenging activity.Conclusion: It could be concluded that the changes made in the formulations did not affect the in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of the herbomineral formulations.

Hygrothermal performance of various Typha–clay composite

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Niang ◽  
Chadi Maalouf ◽  
Tala Moussa ◽  
Christophe Bliard ◽  
Etienne Samin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Optimal Composition ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Hygrothermal Behavior ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Hygrothermal Performance ◽  
Absolute Density ◽  
Typha Australis ◽  
Hygric Properties ◽  
Made In

This article deals with the influence of both morphology and amount of Typha on hygrothermal behavior of a Typha–clay composite for building application. An agromaterial containing the fiber mix of Typha Australis and clay was made in three samples: three fiber mixtures were prepared with different amounts Typha and cut type (transversal or longitudinal). The physical properties of these materials were studied in terms of porosity, apparent and absolute density, thermal conductivity, and hygric properties. Results show a real impact of the Typha fraction type and its volume content on hygrothermal properties of the studied material due to the porosity. The transversal fraction of Typha (80% in volume weight) seems to be the optimal composition for a better hygrothermal behavior.

Seasonal changes in growth and nodulation of perennial tropical pasture legumes in the field. I. The influence of planting date and grazing and cutting on Desmodium uncinatum and Phaseolus atropurpureus

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Whiteman ◽  
A Lulhan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Made In

Plantings of D. uncinatum and P. atropuvpureus were made in October and December 1965 and February and April 1966, and subsequently the plots were either rotationally grazed by sheep, cut with a mower at 3 inches, or left undefoliated. Monthly samples were taken to determine individual plant dry weight, nodule weight per plant, nodule number, and mean weight per nodule. Three samples for plot dry matter yield were also taken. Individual plant dry weight was higher in the October and December sowings, although by the end of the second growing season dry matter yield per plot was higher in the December and February sowings. Dry matter yield of legume was depressed by April planting. D. uncinatum began regrowth in spring 2 months earlier than P, atropurpureus, when minimum temperatures exceeded 48-50�F compared with 57' for P. atropurpureus. Both species had marked seasonal peaks in nodule and plant dry weight. The rapid decline in nodule weight could not be directly related to the onset of flowering or frosts. Grazing caused a greater reduction than cutting in terms of plant and nodule weight and legume yield. In P. atropurpureus nodule weight per plant was reduced through a decline in mean weight per nodule, while in D. uncinatum grazing and cutting reduced nodule number per plant.

Continuous Thickness Control of Centrifugally Cast Concrete Pipes by an Ultrasonic Echo-System

1968 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-52
Author(s):  
J. A. de Raad ◽  
A. de Sterke
Keyword(s):  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Centrifugally Cast ◽  
Concrete Pipes ◽  
Ultrasonic Echo ◽  
Cast Concrete ◽  
Large Diameter Pipes ◽  
Pulse Echo ◽  
Made In

Large diameter pipes of prestressed concrete with a length of 10–20 ft. used for water transport are made in rotating moulds. To control the thickness of these concrete pipes during production, an ultrasonic pulse-echo system mounted at the end of the feeder is used. Basically, the air gap between feeder and inner pipe wall is continuously measured, whereby deviations due to misalignment of the feeder are electronically compensated. A prototype version of the system has proved its usefulness. An accuracy of ±5% of the nominal wall thickness was obtained.

Influences of Change of Plasma on Strength Property of Eolian Sand

2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 830-835
Author(s):  
Chang Ning Jin ◽  
Yu Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Internal Friction ◽  
Strength Property ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Eolian Sand ◽  
Coefficient Increase ◽  
Fine Grained Soil ◽  
Internal Friction Coefficient

The plasma in the eolian sand, included silt particle and clay particle, change easily and hugely. For studying their influences on the strength property of eolian sand, mixed silt particles and clay particles into eolian sand in different proportions to measure the internal friction angle and cohesion under different forming and testing conditions. The result indicates that: for the same kind of test specimen under different test types, the changes of cohesion and internal friction coefficient are regular. For the same test type, the changes of both cohesion and internal friction coefficient of different test specimens are regular. Generally, when the content of silt particles and clay particles is lower than a certain value, the cohesion and internal friction coefficient increase accordingly and rapidly along with the increase of silt particles and clay particles; after the content of silt particles and clay particles is larger than this value, the cohesion and internal friction coefficient increase slowly or decline along with the increase of silt particles and clay particles. The change range of this value is approximately between 45%～65%, the content of silt particles and clay particles. For the purpose of this test, as to the transition of test specimens from typical sandy soil to fine grained soil caused by the increase of silt particles and clay particles, the change point of strength is at 45％ approximately, which is basically consistent with the compacting test and CBR test, etc.

Micro Hole Piercing for Ultra Fine Grained Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 783-786 ◽  
pp. 2653-2658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takafumi Komatsu ◽  
Hitoshi Kobayashi ◽  
Shiro Torizuka ◽  
Shinichi Nagayama
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Steel Coil ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Micro Hole ◽  
Different Grain Size ◽  
Fine Grained Steels

Ultra fine grained steels have been developed by many researchers. However, the study of influence on processes and product functions from different grain size are limited because the size of bulk material was small for these products. Authors have developed the production process of thin ultra fine grained stainless steel coil, and the effects are able to be clarified. This paper will firstly report the influence on micro hole piercing by comparing different grain size materials. Secondly, orifices are produced from these materials, and the liquid flow volume is measured as the functional effect of different grain size. The effects of grain size differences were discussed with observing the hole conditions and measuring flow volume. The effects of reduction of the grain size were summarized as follows: (1) Accurate small hole is produced when ultra fine grained stainless steel is employed. (2) Product functional improvement is possible, and the phenomena are useful for liquid control devices.

Growth and Toxin Production by Clostridium botulinum in Steamed Rice Aseptically Packed under Modified Atmosphere

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1005-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOSHIAKI KASAI ◽  
BON KIMURA ◽  
SUSUMU KAWASAKI ◽  
TETSUYA FUKAYA ◽  
KINYA SAKUMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Rice Water ◽  
Foodborne Botulism

Sales and consumption of ready-to-eat aseptic steamed rice products have increased manyfold in Japan over the past 10 years. To determine the safety of steamed rice (water content 60%, pH 6.5) aseptically packaged under modified atmosphere, challenge studies were performed using a mixture of Clostridium botulinum proteolytic strains (five strains of type A and five strains of type B). Atmospheric conditions of 0 and 15% oxygen (with 5% CO2 and 5% N2 as the balance) were used. No neurotoxins were detected, and organoleptically acceptable conditions persisted for 24 weeks at 15% oxygen conditions. However, botulinum neurotoxin was found in one of three samples at 12 weeks and in one of two samples at 24 weeks at 0% oxygen and 30°C. When samples were inoculated with C. botulinum with amylase (0% oxygen), neurotoxin and sample spoilage was detected after only 1 week of storage. Challenge studies using proteolytic strains of C. botulinum mixed with Bacillus subtilis (amylase formers) also were performed with atmosphere conditions of oxygen at 0, 5, 10, and 15% (with 5% CO2 and 5% N2 as the balance). Under 10 and 15% oxygen conditions, neurotoxin was not detected after 1 week of storage, but sample spoilage was detected after the same period. Under 0% oxygen conditions, neurotoxin was detected at 1 week, but the sample remained organoleptically acceptable even after 2 weeks of storage. Both neurotoxin and sample spoilage were detected at 1 week of storage under 5% oxygen conditions. Based on these results, cocontamination of amylase-producing Bacillus with C. botulinum would increase the risk of foodborne botulism when aseptic rice samples are packed under low-oxygen conditions (<5%). Therefore, to ensure the safety of these products, packing under atmospheric containing more than 10% oxygen is recommended.

scholarly journals The influence of packaging materials protective properties and applying modified atmosphere on packed dried apricot quality changes

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dobrila Randjelovic ◽  
Vera Lazic ◽  
Aleksandra Tepic ◽  
Ivana Mosic
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Made In

The influence of protective properties of packaging materials and modified atmosphere on quality changes of dried apricot is shown in this paper. In our investigation, we used four different characteristic combinations of packaging materials with different barrier properties for packaging of dried apricot: polyester-polyethylene (PET/PE), paper-polyethylene (PAP/PE), paper-aluminum-polyethylene (PAP/Al/PE), polyester-aluminum-polyethylene (PET/Al/PE) and two different atmospheric conditions: normal and modified. Modified atmosphere was made in laboratory conditions: CO2 about 30%, N2 about 60%, and the rest is O2. Over the 12-month storage period, the changes in the water content, water activity (aw) and overall polyphenol content were monitored in the packed product.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic Pulse Velocities And Dynamic Elastic Constants Of Sandstones From The Semanggol Formation, Beris Dam, Kedah Darul Aman

Warta Geologi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
John K. Raj
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Ultrasonic Velocities ◽  
Unconfined Compression Test ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Wave Velocities ◽  
Shear Wave Velocities

The main Beris Dam is founded on a sequence of thick bedded conglomerates and pebbly to fine grained sandstones with minor mudstone mapped as the Semanggol Formation of Triassic age. Ultrasonic pulse measurements show velocities of compressional and shear waves through the sandstones to increase with decreasing grain size; the pebbly sandstone with velocities of 2.210, and 5.171, km/s, and the coarse grained sandstone with velocities of 2.477, and 5.612, km/s, respectively. The medium grained sandstones have compressional and shear wave velocities of 2.457, and 5.793, km/s and the fine grained sandstones, velocities of 2.572, and 5.867 km/s, respectively. Dynamic elastic constants computed from the ultrasonic velocities also increase in values with decreasing grain size; Poisson’s ratio varying from 0.36 to 0.39, the modulus of elasticity from 35.076 to 48.210 GPa, the bulk modulus from 52.260 to 67.362 GPa and the modulus of rigidity from 12.637 to 17.468 GPa. Increasing velocities and elastic constants with decreasing grain size are considered to result from a denser arrangement of constituent grains as shown by increasing dry unit weights. Comparison with the results of an unconfined compression test on a fine grained sandstone indicate that the ultrasonic elastic constants are good approximations of static elastic constants.

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