A methodology for 7D warping and deformation monitoring using time-lapse seismic data

Geophysics ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. O21-O31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Displacement Vector ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
Deformation Analysis ◽  
Local Effects ◽  
Image Match ◽  
Seismic Image ◽  
Vertical Displacements

A methodology is presented for vector analysis of the image displacements (warping) between successive 3D seismic image volumes that provides 7D analysis (including lateral and vertical displacements) of in situ subsurface deformation around hydrocarbon reservoirs. The key challenges are (1) assessment of just vertical shifts is insufficient, and vector displacements should be determined; (2) robust vertical displacements can usually be derived, but lateral shifts are less well defined because of the generally smooth data character in a horizontal/horizon plane; (3) subvoxel resolution is necessary for correct matching and deformation analysis; (4) velocity and strain effects are intrinsically combined in time-lapse seismic images; (5) separation of accumulated and local effects is necessary; (6) apparently coherent and smooth displacement fields do not necessarily provide good strain analysis; (7) warping is easily degraded by noise, and good cross-matching is a prerequisite. To address these challenges, a full 3D, local warp vector derivation methodology is proposed, which involves (1) constraint using prior estimates, (2) local refinement with subvoxel resolution, and (3) 3D and vectorial conditioning using a deformable mesh with sensitivity to image-match quality. The warping approach is extended to separate accumulated from local effects and to analyze in situ deformation based on the displacement vector volume. This is achieved by a finite-element approach to determine an elemental pseudostrain tensor field and an iterative procedure to separate the pseudostrain into velocity and strain components. The approach up to the strain analysis, is demonstrated using a real data example, which indicates the potential of the methodology (accumulated overburden effects are separated to reveal a local compaction signature in the reservoir), but realistic, quantitative values of strain have not yet been realized.

scholarly journals F2S3: Robustified determination of 3D displacement vector fields using deep learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-189
Author(s):  
Zan Gojcic ◽  
Caifa Zhou ◽  
Andreas Wieser
Keyword(s):  
Displacement Vector ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Deformation Analysis ◽  
Natural Scenes ◽  
Interest Points ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Cloud Data

AbstractAreal deformation monitoring based on point clouds can be a very valuable alternative to the established point-based monitoring techniques, especially for deformation monitoring of natural scenes. However, established deformation analysis approaches for point clouds do not necessarily expose the true 3D changes, because the correspondence between points is typically established naïvely. Recently, approaches to establish the correspondences in the feature space by using local feature descriptors that analyze the geometric peculiarities in the neighborhood of the interest points were proposed. However, the resulting correspondences are noisy and contain a large number of outliers. This impairs the direct applicability of these approaches for deformation monitoring. In this work, we propose Feature to Feature Supervoxel-based Spatial Smoothing (F2S3), a new deformation analysis method for point cloud data. In F2S3 we extend the recently proposed feature-based algorithms with a neural network based outlier detection, capable of classifying the putative pointwise correspondences into inliers and outliers based on the local context extracted from the supervoxels. We demonstrate the proposed method on two data sets, including a real case data set of a landslide located in the Swiss Alps. We show that while the traditional approaches, in this case, greatly underestimate the magnitude of the displacements, our method can correctly estimate the true 3D displacement vectors.

scholarly journals A New Approach for Cylindrical Steel Structure Deformation Monitoring by Dense Point Clouds

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2263
Author(s):  
Dongfeng Jia ◽  
Weiping Zhang ◽  
Yuhao Wang ◽  
Yanping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Steel Structure ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
Deformation Analysis ◽  
Relative Deformation ◽  
Structure Deformation ◽  
Single Time ◽  
Cylindrical Steel ◽  
Cylinder Fitting

As fundamental load-bearing parts, the cylindrical steel structures of transmission towers relate to the stability of the main structures in terms of topological relation and performance. Therefore, the periodic monitoring of a cylindrical steel structure is necessary to maintain the safety and stability of existing structures in energy transmission. Most studies on deformation analysis are still focused on the process of identifying discrepancies in the state of a structure by observing it at different times, yet relative deformation analysis based on the data acquired in single time has not been investigated effectively. In this study, the piecewise cylinder fitting method is presented to fit the point clouds collected at a single time to compute the relative inclination of a cylindrical steel structure. The standard deviation is adopted as a measure to evaluate the degree of structure deformation. Meanwhile, the inclination rate of each section is compared with the conventional method on the basis of the piecewise cylinder fitting parameters. The validity and accuracy of the algorithm are verified by real transmission tower point cloud data. Experimental results show that the piecewise cylinder fitting algorithm proposed in this research can meet the accuracy requirements of cylindrical steel structure deformation analysis and has high application value in the field of structure deformation monitoring.

scholarly journals A Whole-Field Interferometric Scheme for Measuring strain and Flow Rates of Glacier and Other Natural Surfaces

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (103) ◽  
pp. 492-497
Author(s):  
Gary Cloud ◽  
Edgar Conley
Keyword(s):  
Displacement Vector ◽  
Surface Displacement ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Speckle Interferometry ◽  
Narrow Beam ◽  
Coherent Light ◽  
Ice Surface ◽  
Glacier Ice ◽  
Fringe Patterns ◽  
Small Overlap

AbstractThe flow of glacier ice is mapped using high-resolution photography and non-coherent-light speckle interferometry. Young’s fringe patterns result when a double-exposed photoplate image of the straining surface is illuminated by a narrow beam of coherent light. Geometry gives a relationship between the ice surface displacement vector and the interference fringe patterns. This displacement vector is corrected for rigid-body (camera) movement and projected onto the ice surface using topological maps. The strain during the time-lapse interval is thus known. Comparison with data acquired by surveying techniques at Nisqually Glacier, Washington, U.S.A., is limited because of small overlap of the surface studied. In the areas for which results can be compared, our experiments yield a flow of 0.6 m/d where conventional methods yield about 0.4 m/d.

Determining optimum wave velocity from sparse CMP automatically by coupling POCS interpolation and NMO correction: application to array antenna GPR data collected during in-situ infiltration test

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koki Oikawa ◽  
Hirotaka Saito ◽  
Seiichiro Kuroda ◽  
Kazunori Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Convex Sets ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Array Antenna ◽  
Velocity Analysis ◽  
Nmo Correction ◽  
Infiltration Experiment

<p>As an array antenna ground penetrating radar (GPR) system electronically switches any antenna combinations sequentially in milliseconds, multi-offset gather data, such as common mid-point (CMP) data, can be acquired almost seamlessly. However, due to the inflexibility of changing the antenna offset, only a limited number of scans can be obtained. The array GPR system has been used to collect time-lapse GPR data, including CMP data during the field infiltration experiment (Iwasaki et al., 2016). CMP data obtained by the array GPR are, however, too sparse to obtain reliable velocity using a standard velocity analysis, such as semblance analysis. We attempted to interpolate the sparse CMP data based on projection onto convex sets (POCS) algorithm (Yi et al., 2016) coupled with NMO correction to automatically determine optimum EM wave velocity. Our previous numerical study showed that the proposed method allows us to determine the EM wave velocity during the infiltration experiment.</p><p>The main objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the proposed method to interpolate sparse array antenna GPR CMP data collected during the in-situ infiltration experiment at Tottori sand dunes. The interpolated CMP data were then used in the semblance analysis to determine the EM wave velocity, which was further used to compute the infiltration front depth. The estimated infiltration depths agreed well with independently obtained depths. This study demonstrated the possibility of developing an automatic velocity analysis based on POCS interpolation coupled with NMO correction for sparse CMP collected with array antenna GPR.</p>

scholarly journals Sentinel-1 SAR Interferometry for Surface Deformation Monitoring in Low-Land Permafrost Areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tazio Strozzi ◽  
Sofia Antonova ◽  
Frank Günther ◽  
Eva Mätzler ◽  
Gonçalo Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Surface Displacement ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Lena River ◽  
Lena River Delta

Low-land permafrost areas are subject to intense freeze-thaw cycles and characterized by remarkable surface displacement. We used Sentinel-1 SAR interferometry (InSAR) in order to analyse the summer surface displacement over four spots in the Arctic and Antarctica since 2015. Choosing floodplain or outcrop areas as the reference for the InSAR relative deformation measurements, we found maximum subsidence of about 3 to 10 cm during the thawing season with generally high spatial variability. Sentinel-1 time-series of interferograms with 6–12 day time intervals highlight that subsidence is often occurring rather quickly within roughly one month in early summer. Intercomparison of summer subsidence from Sentinel-1 in 2017 with TerraSAR-X in 2013 over part of the Lena River Delta (Russia) shows a high spatial agreement between both SAR systems. A comparison with in-situ measurements for the summer of 2014 over the Lena River Delta indicates a pronounced downward movement of several centimetres in both cases but does not reveal a spatial correspondence between InSAR and local in-situ measurements. For the reconstruction of longer time-series of deformation, yearly Sentinel-1 interferograms from the end of the summer were considered. However, in order to infer an effective subsidence of the surface through melting of excess ice layers over multi-annual scales with Sentinel-1, a longer observation time period is necessary.

The Virtual Manufacture of a Kind of Corn Stubble-Smashing Machine and Shallow Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 229-231 ◽  
pp. 2056-2059
Author(s):  
Ming Niu ◽  
Jiu Qing Liu ◽  
Ge Meng ◽  
You Yun Shang
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Deformation Analysis ◽  
Work Requirements

The scheme of structure and transmission is designed in the paper. A kind of stubble-smashing machine is virtually manufactured by the software Pro/E 4.0. On the base of it, the deformation analysis and strain analysis of smashing cutter are done with the software ANSYS Workbench13, which shows that the machine can meet the work requirements. The paper supplies theoretical basis for the design of corn stubble-smashing machine.

scholarly journals An instrumented sample holder for time-lapse microtomography measurements of snow under advective airflow

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. P. Ebner ◽  
S. A. Grimm ◽  
M. Schneebeli ◽  
A. Steinfeld
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Sample Holder ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Snow Samples

Abstract. An instrumented sample holder was developed for time-lapse microtomography of snow samples to enable in situ nondestructive spatial and temporal measurements under controlled advective airflows, temperature gradients, and air humidities. The design was aided by computational fluid dynamics simulations to evaluate the airflow uniformity across the snow sample. Morphological and mass transport properties were evaluated during a 4-day test run. This instrument allows the experimental characterization of metamorphism of snow undergoing structural changes with time.

scholarly journals Deformation Analysis of Bridges in Exceptional Transports in Slovenia

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rok Kamnik ◽  
Boštjan Kovačič ◽  
Andrej Štrukelj
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Polynomial Interpolation ◽  
Hydraulic Cylinder ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Deformation Analysis ◽  
Concrete Plate ◽  
Vertical Displacements ◽  
Logistic Service ◽  
Heavy Loads ◽  
Almost All

In August 1999 an exceptional transportation of two steamers of 666 tonnes was performed from the Port of Koper to the Nuclear power plant in Krško. The transport covered a distance of about 200km and represented one of the largest exceptional transports in Slovenia ever. Finding the best route represented one of the major issues, because the steamers had to cross more than 50 problematic sections and bridges, most of which have not been designed for such heavy loads. It was necessary to load-test almost all bridges on the route to determine whether those bridges need any extra supports or not. Consequently, a logistic operator has an important and indispensable role and becomes a co-modeller of logistic service. A deformation analysis or a polynomial interpolation of vertical displacements could also be used. Therefore, a laboratory load test of a concrete plate was made. The concrete plate was loaded with hydraulic cylinder PZ 100 with extensiometer up to 21kN. Every increase of load by 3kN was measured with Nikon Ser 800 total station. KEY WORDS: deformation analysis, exceptional transport, bridges in Slovenia

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