31. Analytical Techniques for Shallow Marine Near-Surface Geotechnical Parameter Estimation

2005 ◽  
pp. 707-724
Author(s):  
David D. Caulfield ◽  
Robert F. Ballard ◽  
Rodney L. Leist
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Shallow Marine

Comparison of Ion-Milling Techniques For Cross-Sectional TEM of Semiconductors

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
Julia T. Luck ◽  
C. W. Boggs ◽  
S. J. Pennycook
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Thin Region ◽  
Transient Thermal

The use of cross-sectional Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) has become invaluable for the characterization of the near-surface regions of semiconductors following ion-implantation and/or transient thermal processing. A fast and reliable technique is required which produces a large thin region while preserving the original sample surface. New analytical techniques, particularly the direct imaging of dopant distributions, also require good thickness uniformity. Two methods of ion milling are commonly used, and are compared below. The older method involves milling with a single gun from each side in turn, whereas a newer method uses two guns to mill from both sides simultaneously.

THE Au3Pd(001) SURFACE STUDIED BY ION SCATTERING AND LEED

1999 ◽  
Vol 06 (05) ◽  
pp. 829-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. SPELLER ◽  
M. ASCHOFF ◽  
J. KUNTZE ◽  
W. HEILAND ◽  
A. ATREI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Ion Scattering ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Chemical Order

The (001) surface of a Au 3 Pd single crystal was studied with different surface analytical techniques. The main results reported about structure, composition and dynamics of the surface are based on ion scattering methods and LEED. We find segregation of Au to the surface forming a complete Au overlayer. The second layer has approximately the bulk Pd concentration. There is no evidence for chemical order in the near surface layers, i.e. Pd is randomly distributed in the lattice. The Au and Pd atoms in the first and the second layer respectively have approximately the same thermal vibrational amplitudes.

Shale Caprock/Acidic Brine Interaction in Underground CO2 Storage

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiola Olabode ◽  
Mileva Radonjic
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Elevated Pressure ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Carbon Accounting ◽  
Pore Geometry ◽  
Fractional Flow ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Shale caprock integrity is critical in ensuring that subsurface injection and storage of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) is permanent. The interaction of clay-rich rock with aqueous CO2 under dynamic conditions requires characterization at the nanoscale level due to the low-reactivity of clay minerals. Geochemical mineral–fluid interaction can impact properties of shale rocks primarily through changes in pore geometry/connectivity. The experimental work reported in this paper applied specific analytical techniques in investigating changes in surface/near-surface properties of crushed shale rocks after exposure (by flooding) to CO2–brine for a time frame ranging between 30 days and 92 days at elevated pressure and fractional flow rate. The intrinsically low permeability in shale may be altered by changes in surface properties as the effective permeability of any porous medium is largely a function of its global pore geometry. Diffusive transport of CO2 as well as carbon accounting could be significantly affected over the long term. The estimation of permeability ratio indicated that petrophysical properties of shale caprock can be doubled.

scholarly journals Estimation of The Structural Pattern and Sedimentary Thickness Over Part Of Anambra Basin, Nigeria Using Aeromagnetic Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla E. Ikioda ◽  
Charles O. Ofoegbu ◽  
Etim D. Uko ◽  
Olatunji S. Ayanninuola
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Average Depth ◽  
Intensity Data ◽  
Aeromagnetic Data ◽  
Structural Pattern ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Anambra Basin ◽  
Potential Depth ◽  
Magnetic Basement

AbstractAeromagnetic data acquired over part of the Anambra Basin is analyzed to determine the structural pattern and sedimentary thickness of the basin. The study area is covered by high resolution aeromagnetic data on sheets 301 (Udi), 302 (Nkalagu), 312 (Okigwe) and 313 (Afikpo), and lies between latitudes 5o30’0’‘-6o30’0’‘ and longitudes 7o0’0”-8o0’0”. The whole area was divided into 25 overlapping blocks of 37.2km2 each and a 2D energy spectral analysis was carried out. Total magnetic intensity data was subjected to filtering and analytical techniques to determine the structural pattern, mineralization potential, depth to the basement, variation in the sedimentary thickness. The structural map generated using the vertical derivatives shows that the major structural orientation of the area is in the ENE-WSW trend and the minor trend is the NW to SE direction widespread all over the area. These structures are as a result of the various near-surface magnetic intrusion within the study area. The spectral analysis result shows two depth layers, the deep and the shallow depth, the depth to magnetic basement for the deep anomalous source ranges from 3.3km to 4.8 4km with an average depth of 3.99km, while the depth to shallow magnetic sources ranges between 0.46km to 0.67km and an average of 0.56km within the area. The mineralization pattern in this area follows the ENE-WSW direction.

scholarly journals Application of Accelerator-based Analytical Techniques to the Study of Geological Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
P. Misaelides
Keyword(s):  
Earth Sciences ◽  
Depth Distribution ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Geological Materials ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Short Presentation

This contribution provides a short presentation of the applications of the most common accelerator-based analytical techniques to the earth sciences. These techniques offer high elemental selectivity and sensitivity as well as the possibility to determine the lateral and depth distribution of the elements under investigation in near-surface layers of geological materials and provide a powerful tool of investigation of geological, mineralogical, geochemical and cosmochemical processes.

Zirconoiate corrosion in dilute acidic and basic fluids at 180-700° C and 50 MPa

1999 ◽  
Vol 556 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Malmström ◽  
E. Reusser ◽  
R. Giere ◽  
G. R. Lumpkin ◽  
M. Düggelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Deep Borehole ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Surface Pores

AbstractICorrosion of zirconolite in a closed system at elevated temperature and pressure for various fluid compositions has been investigated by several analytical techniques. Together with previous studies, the results indicate a weak corrosion below 250° C at 5 MPa, Above 400° C, secondary TiO2 phases crystallize in acidic and neutral fluids on the corroded surfaces and in near-surface pores, At 550° C and above, zirconolite starts to be replaced by perovskite and “calzirtite” in basic fluids. Our results indicate that zirconolite is reasonably durable in acidic. neutral and basic fluids up to 500° C and 50 MPa which corresponds to deep borehole conditions.

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