Solitons propagation dynamics in a saturable PT-symmetric fractional medium

In the current research, the propagation of solitons in a saturable PT-symmetric fractional system is studied by solving nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equation. Three numerical methods are employed for this purpose, namely Monte Carlo based Euler-Lagrange variational schema, split-step method, and extrapolation approach. The results show good agreement and accuracy. The effect of different parameters such as potential depth, Levy indices, and saturation parameter, on the physical properties of the systems such as maximum intensity and soliton width oscillations are considered.

Estimation of The Structural Pattern and Sedimentary Thickness Over Part Of Anambra Basin, Nigeria Using Aeromagnetic Data

Aeromagnetic data acquired over part of the Anambra Basin is analyzed to determine the structural pattern and sedimentary thickness of the basin. The study area is covered by high resolution aeromagnetic data on sheets 301 (Udi), 302 (Nkalagu), 312 (Okigwe) and 313 (Afikpo), and lies between latitudes 5o30’0’‘-6o30’0’‘ and longitudes 7o0’0”-8o0’0”. The whole area was divided into 25 overlapping blocks of 37.2km2 each and a 2D energy spectral analysis was carried out. Total magnetic intensity data was subjected to filtering and analytical techniques to determine the structural pattern, mineralization potential, depth to the basement, variation in the sedimentary thickness. The structural map generated using the vertical derivatives shows that the major structural orientation of the area is in the ENE-WSW trend and the minor trend is the NW to SE direction widespread all over the area. These structures are as a result of the various near-surface magnetic intrusion within the study area. The spectral analysis result shows two depth layers, the deep and the shallow depth, the depth to magnetic basement for the deep anomalous source ranges from 3.3km to 4.8 4km with an average depth of 3.99km, while the depth to shallow magnetic sources ranges between 0.46km to 0.67km and an average of 0.56km within the area. The mineralization pattern in this area follows the ENE-WSW direction.

On the structure and mass delivery towards circumplanetary discs

Circumplanetary discs (CPDs) that form around young gas giants are thought to be the sites of moon formation as well as an intermediate reservoir of gas that feeds the growth of the gas giant. How the physical properties of such CPDs are affected by the planetary mass and the overall opacity is relatively poorly understood. In order to clarify this, we used the global radiation hydrodynamics code FARGOCA with a grid structure that allows sufficient resolution of the planetary gravitational potential for a CPD to form. We then studied the gas flows and density–temperature structures that emerge as a function of planet mass, opacity, and potential depth. Our results indicate interesting structure formation for Jupiter-mass planets at low opacities, which we subsequently analysed in detail. Using an opacity level that is 100 times lower than that of the dust of the interstellar medium, our Jupiter-mass protoplanet features an envelope that is sufficiently cold for a CPD to form, and a free-fall region separating the CPD and the circumstellar disc that emerges. Interestingly, this free-fall region appears to be the result of supersonic erosion of outer envelope material, as opposed to the static structure formation that one would expect at low opacities. Our analysis reveals that the planetary spiral arms seem to pose a significant pressure barrier that needs to be overcome through radiative cooling in order for gas to be accreted onto the CPD. The circulation inside the CPD is near-Keplerian and is modified by the presence of CPD spiral arms. The same is true when we increase the planetary potential depth, which in turn increases the planetary luminosity, quenches the formation of a free-fall region, and decreases the rotation speed of the envelope by 10%. For high opacities, we recover results from the literature, finding an almost featureless hot envelope. With this work, we demonstrate the first simulation and analysis of a complete detachment process of a protoplanet from its parent disc in a 3D radiation hydrodynamics setting.

The presence of silty mantles in Northcentral Appalachian, USA soils and their relevance to pedology

<p>Across the northcentral Appalachians, USA, high silt content soils are found as silty mantles or deep, high silt content pedons. The origin of such soils can be attributed to additions of wind-blown dust deposits (WBD) or local parent materials (i.e. shales or siltstone lithology). Previous research on silt soils originating specifically from WBD attributed to late marine isotope stage (MIS) 2 loess has often been isolated to drainageways receiving outwash from deglaciation. We hypothesize that thin (<25-50 cm) silty mantles, and some deep silt soils occurring farther from outwash systems, are also indicative of post MIS 2 WBD and their extent is widespread. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated over 900 pedons from an ~119,280 km<sup>2</sup> area of the northcentral Appalachians, USA to: (i) develop a particle size signature indicative of soils largely derived from WBD versus local parent materials, (ii) determine the potential depth of WBD additions to soils, and (iii) document the spatial extent of WBD versus deep, high-silt content soils across part of the region. Results suggest that silty mantles are prevalent across the study area and have a particle size signature indicative of loess and the mean depth of WBD additions to soils is ~50 cm.  Below 50 cm, local lithology or pedogenesis more influences particle size trends.  Pedon results were applied in a spatial modeling effort using the USA Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO) to document the extent of silty mantles (over non-silt sourced parent materials) and deep, high silt content soils.  Model results indicate silty mantles are common on stable landscape positions or positions that accumulate sediments (depressions or valleys). Aspect dependent deposition appears tied to sources of WBD deposits, and deposits correspond strongly to regional studies of WBD deposits derived from loess. Last, proximity to topography, which can act as a trap for WBD, appears to be a key variable explaining silty mantle and deep, high-silt content soil occurrence. </p>

THE "COSH" OR SYMMETRIZED WOODS-SAXON NUCLEAR POTENTIAL

The so-called "cosh" or symmetrized Woods-Saxon potential which has been used in nuclear physics is discussed and certain comments are made regarding its form-factor, depth and radius. A rough estimate of its parameters is also attempted by using various possibilities. This is done by considering either a number of individual nuclei or by least squares fitting. The potential depth parameter Vo apart from being state dependent varies also with the mass number of the nucleus. Comments on relevant limitations and inaccuracies are also made.

The magnetization and magnetic susceptibility of GaAs Gaussian quantum dot with donor impurity in a magnetic field

We present a theoretical study to investigate the effect of donor impurity on the magnetization (M) and the magnetic susceptibility [Formula: see text] of single electron quantum dot (QD) with Gaussian confinement in the presence of a magnetic field. We solve the Hamiltonian of this system, including the spin, by using the exact diagonalization method. The ground state binding energy (BE) of an electron has been shown as a function of QD radius and confinement potential depth. The behaviors of the magnetization and the magnetic susceptibility of a QD have been studied as a function of temperature, confinement potential depth, quantum radius and magnetic field. We have shown the effect of donor impurity on the magnetization and magnetic susceptibility curves of Gaussian quantum dot (GQD).

The (K-, π+)Σ- - hypernuclear production in flight

The in-flight (K-,π+) Σ~-hypernuclear spectra are studied, using a simple interaction model with a square well central part and a delta function spin-orbit Σ-nuclearcore interaction. A comparison is made between the theoretical results and the in-flight (Α'~,π+) experimental data for 12Σ C, 16Σ Ο and 6Σ Li. A shallow potential, with a central potential depth of Vc = (-5 - il5)MeV and a spin-orbit depth of Vao = lbMeV, gives a satisfactory representation of the CERN and BNL in-flight data.

Influence of nuclear surface diffuseness on systems involving spherical and deformed targets

The effect of diffuseness of nucleus–nucleus interaction potential is tested on the nuclear potential depth, barrier characteristics and fusion excitation functions by considering spherical+spherical and [Formula: see text] colliding partners. It is manifested from the calculations that fusion barrier height and fusion pocket depth get significantly modified with change in diffuseness parameter [Formula: see text] and deeper fusion pocket appears with an increase in the magnitude of diffuseness. We further observed that, depending on the value of [Formula: see text], the fusion pocket depth decreases more sharply for the reactions involving oblate target [Formula: see text] as compared to prolate [Formula: see text] systems, though the overall shift in the pocket (left or right) is almost equal i.e., [Formula: see text]0.5[Formula: see text]fm for both cases. Furthermore, the effect of diffuseness on fusion cross-section is such that, on taking both spherical and/or deformed target-projectile combinations, lower strength of nuclear surface diffuseness (0.60[Formula: see text]fm) seems more suitable upto charge product [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]200. However, for [Formula: see text], higher value of diffuseness parameter (0.99[Formula: see text]fm) is desirable for systems with spherical as well as deformed target-projectile combinations. Finally, we have explored the effect of angle dependence on the nuclear surface diffuseness within [Formula: see text]C+[Formula: see text]Tb reaction. The study reveals the significant contribution of angular diffuseness in fusion cross-section of reactions involving lanthanide target.

Genital interactions during simulated copulation among marine mammals

Genitalia are morphologically variable across many taxa and in physical contact during intromission, but little is known about how variation in form correlates with function during copulation. Marine mammals offer important insights into the evolutionary forces that act on genital morphology because they have diverse genitalia and are adapted to aquatic living and mating. Cetaceans have a fibroelastic penis and muscular vaginal folds, while pinnipeds have a baculum and lack vaginal folds. We examined copulatory fit in naturally deceased marine mammals to identify anatomical landmarks in contact during copulation and the potential depth of penile penetration into the vagina. Excised penises were artificially inflated to erection with pressurized saline and compared with silicone vaginal endocasts and within excised vaginas in simulated copulation using high-resolution, diffusible iodine-based, contrast-enhanced computed tomography. We found evidence suggestive of both congruent and antagonistic genital coevolution, depending on the species. We suggest that sexual selection influences morphological shape. This study improves our understanding of how mechanical interactions during copulation influence the shape of genitalia and affect fertility, and has broad applications to other taxa and species conservation.