Differential source-to-sink system analysis for three types of stepped terrains in China

The terrains of China, showing a trend of being high in the west and low in the east, can be categorized largely into three types of stepped terrains that consist of different geomorphic units — namely, glaciers and mountains (the first [highest] step), basins and plateaus (the second [less high] step), and plains (the third [lowest] step). The source-to-sink systems in the first and second steps are closed systems from land to lake, whereas those of the third step are mainly open systems from land to ocean. We have based our analytical methods mainly on the parameters of the source-to-sink systems for the three types of stepped terrains using the Google Earth database. We acquired data for the catchment area in the source unit, the longest channel and coefficient of river-network development in the conduit unit, the fan area and fan length: width ratio in the sink unit, and the gradient of the entire system. On the basis of our comparison of these parameters in the three types of stepped terrains, results indicate differential source-to-sink system parameters (catchment area, longest channel, coefficient of river-network development, fan area, fan length:width ratio, and gradient) and a transition among these parameters from the first step to the third. The gradient varies in different geomorphic units, being relatively small on the plains (third step) and relatively large in the basins and on plateaus (the first or second step). The other five parameters become higher from the first step to the third. By analyzing the correlations of these parameters, we found out that (1) the coefficient of river-network development declines with the gradient increasing, (2) the catchment area and the coefficient of river-network development show a positive correlation, (3) the fan area increases with the catchment area increasing, and (4) the fan area and gradient show a negative correlation. From the perspective of controlling factors, we focused on the formation of the geomorphic units, tectonic conditions, and the climate resulting from the obvious differences between the three types of stepped terrains. A new approach to compare the parameters of each step and analyze the correlations between parameters has been used in this study with the goal of predicting the correlations between parameters of different units.

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AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF RIVER NETWORK DEVELOPMENT BY OVERLAND AND SUBSURFACE FLOW IN LOW-GRADIENT LANDSCAPES

10.1130/abs/2019am-337017 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Brian Sockness ◽

◽

Karen B. Gran ◽

Cecilia Cullen ◽

Alison Anders ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Subsurface Flow ◽

River Network ◽

Network Development

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ANALYSIS OF LAND COVER CHANGES IN THE AREA OF THE TOWN OF GORAŽDE

Geografski pregled ◽

10.35666/23038950.2020.43.37 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 37-46

Keyword(s):

Land Cover ◽

Spatial Planning ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Research Area ◽

Google Earth ◽

Land Cover Changes ◽

The Third ◽

Complete Procedure ◽

The Subject ◽

The Town

The subject of the research is the analysis of the land cover changes in the area of the town of Goražde. In the period after 1995, throughout the entire Bosnia and Herzegovina, a visible spontaneous spatial planning contributed to significant changes in the land cover. The research aims to determine how many changes have taken place in the last few decades in the researched area when it comes to land cover. The analysis is based on topographic maps from 1980, Google Earth images, then Corina Land Cover images from 2000, 2006, 2012, and 2018. Research on the topic was conducted through several phases. The first part of the paper refers to determining the geographical location of the research area and defining all its components. The second part of the paper deals with a detailed analysis of all categories of land cover in the last twenty years. The third part of the paper involves a comparative analysis of quantitative and qualitative indicators of land cover in the town of Goražde. The complete procedure of the analysis was performed using GIS, where the corresponding databases were created and a cartographic visualization for the investigated area was performed.

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Riparian Vegetation Dynamic and River Stability on Intermittent Rivers: Impact of Water Transfer Project on Tropical Drylands

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-13485 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Camilla Santos ◽

Leonardo Dantas Martins ◽

Kenia Sousa da Cruz ◽

Jonas Otaviano Praça de Souza

Keyword(s):

Vegetation Cover ◽

Riparian Vegetation ◽

Google Earth ◽

Water Transfer ◽

Lateral Stability ◽

Hydrological Changes ◽

Vertical Incision ◽

Short Period ◽

Geomorphic Units ◽

The Impact

<p>Rivers on semiarid landscapes typically are characterised by sandy geomorphic units and riverbanks, a natural factor that enhances lateral mobility. Vegetation cover is a crucial factor on lateral instability due to its impact on riverbank and geomorphic units erosion resistance. Nevertheless, riparian vegetation on intermittent and ephemeral channels show growing patterns directly affect by the flow temporality, that controls the water availability. Extended dry intervals hinder the succession ecological on geomorphic units, like bars and islands, and riverbanks and retard the growing process. This work analysed the effects of hydrological changes, caused by one water transfer project, on the bio-geomorphological patterns on riverbanks of a main intermittent river of Brazilian Drylands. Flow data series was used to understand the hydrological pattern changes; Google Earth images and UAV surveys to analyse the vegetation and riverbank behaviour from 2008 to 2020.&#160; Lastly, the identification of riverbank material resistance was based on sedimentology analysis. &#160;The water transfer Project PISF (Projeto de Integra&#231;&#227;o do S&#227;o Francisco), operating since 2017 March, increase the average flow days from 137,5 to 260/300 days and decreasing the continuous dry period from 200 to 30/45 days. The impact on average annual discharge was slightest, whereas the average water transfer volume was 3m<sup>3</sup>/s. It is essential to highlight the short period of data posterior to the water transfer and the non-regulatiry of water volume transferred; what limits the temporal representativity of the results. There were different types, and level of impacts depending on the river reach characteristics. However, in general, the longer flow permanence increases riparian vegetation density, vertical incision, and lateral stability. Riparian vegetation cover increase, from 20% to 100% on the 9 reaches analysed, across the entire channel, including bedrock reaches, with riverbanks having some rock outcrops percentage. The main changes were on sand bed reaches, that used to have, before 2017, a dynamic braiding pattern, without a clear main incised channel and thalweg shifting. Afterwards, the flow permanence, due to the water transfer project, enabled herbaceous stratus temporal continuity, contributing to surface stability and progressive bushes/trees cover growing. Lastly, the increase in lateral stability, mainly on thalweg position, facilitates the vertical incision on the sand bed reaches, representing 85% of this channel. As a secondary impact, there were necessary, to the road network, built floodway crossings at several points, which changes the channel morphology and the (dis)connectivity process. It can generate distinct channel position and morphology changes causing water and sediment retention upstream and erosion downstream. Lastly, there were slight differences in textural characteristics on riverbanks and geomorphic units, with a rise in fine sediment on the most vegetated areas/units. This analysis reveals that a fast response of riparian vegetation and sand bed reaches morphology, affecting the bio-geomorphological process and all environmental dynamic. It points to fundamental elements which need monitoring after hydrological changes, especially to intermittent and ephemeral rivers.</p>

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ICT Skills among Library Professionals

Advances in Library and Information Science - Handbook of Research on Inventive Digital Tools for Collection Management and Development in Modern Libraries ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-8178-1.ch001 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 1-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Thanuskodi

Keyword(s):

System Analysis ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

Age Group ◽

Higher Educational Institutions ◽

Ict Skills ◽

Analysis And Design ◽

Technical Staff ◽

The Third ◽

Ict Tools ◽

Teaching Learning

ICT has changed the traditional methods of library activities and services providing new dimensions for teaching, learning and research in higher educational institutions. With the help of ICT tools, it is possible to store, retrieve, disseminate and organize information by creating websites and databases. Information is now published both electronically and by print making it accessible to users according to their demands. The study shows that that out of the total 172 respondents, 53.48 per cent of them belong to the age group of 30-40 years and 20.93per cent of them come under the age group of below 30 years. In this study, 22.58 per cent of the respondents have above 4 hours of access to internet. Majority of the respondents (37.03%) in the age group 40-50 years have above 4 hours of access to internet. The study reveals that librarian take the first position in their overall expertise in system analysis and design, assistant librarian the second, deputy librarian the third, technical staff the fourth and ministerial staff the last.

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New species and record of xanthid crabs (Crustacean, Decapoda) from Taiwan

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4809.3.7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4809 (3) ◽

pp. 535-546

Author(s):

PAN-WEN HSUEH

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

New Record ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Length Ratio ◽

Colour Pattern ◽

Width Ratio ◽

The Third ◽

New Record Species ◽

Shallow Subtidal ◽

De Man

A new species and a new record species of xanthid crabs collected from shallow subtidal hard bottoms of Taiwanese waters are described in the present study. Garthasia ludaoensis n. sp. represents the second species for the genus and can be readily distinguished from the type species, G. americana (Garth, 1939), by having: 1) smaller width to length ratio of the carapace; 2) larger width to length ratio of the third maxilliped; 3) smaller width to length ratio of merus of the third maxilliped; 4) no distinct longitudinal keel on surfaces of sternites 1 and 2; 5) smaller length to width ratio of merus of the last ambulatory leg; 6) smaller width to length ratio of pleonite 2 of the male abdomen; 7) pleonite 2 in semicircular-shaped; 8) a tuft of long setae near distal opening of G1; and 9) distal end of basal segment without upright protrusion of G2. This genus is reported for the first time from Taiwan, as well as from the West Pacific. The second xanthid crab specimen examined in the present study has live colour pattern of the carapace and morphological characters similar to that of Zosimus maculatus (de Man, 1887) described from Ambon, Indonesia (about 3.7° S). The present finding extends the northern distribution range of this species to near 22° N and represents a new record of this species for Taiwan.

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Google Earth and GIS applications to the third national survey of cultural relics in Xinjiang

2011 19th International Conference on Geoinformatics ◽

10.1109/geoinformatics.2011.5981005 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Biao Deng ◽

Yueping Nie ◽

Changlin Wang ◽

Shenglin Lei ◽

Rong Li

Keyword(s):

National Survey ◽

Google Earth ◽

The Third ◽

Gis Applications ◽

Cultural Relics

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Analysis of the Operational Risk Controls in the Electric Power Plant

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.416-417.2087 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 416-417 ◽

pp. 2087-2091 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chun Ying Wang

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Power Plant ◽

System Analysis ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Control Measures ◽

Important Work ◽

The Third ◽

Generating Capacity ◽

Complex Production System ◽

And Control

Thermal power generation is a complex production system, and electric operation is an important work. The generating capacity of Zhangjiakou power plant is 2400 thousand kW, ranking the third in our country. Its technology and equipment and the process are representative. In order to ensure the safety of the electrical operation, on the basis of analysis of accident cases for more than ten years, using the method of system analysis, this article summarizes the risk factors and control measures of electrical operation. With strict implementation, the electrical accidents of our planet will decrease year by year.

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