Systemic uptake of inhaled arsenic in rabbits

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
B D Beck ◽  
T M Slayton ◽  
C H Farr ◽  
D W Sved ◽  
E A Crecelius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Monomethylarsonic Acid ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Arsenic Metabolites ◽  
Plasma Measurements

Human occupational exposure to sufficiently high levels of arsenic in air has been associated with lung cancer, but generally not other types of cancer. Thus, a better understanding of the relationship between airborne arsenic exposures and systemic uptake is essential. In this study, rabbits were exposed to one of four levels of arsenic trioxide in air for 8 h/day, 7 days/week, for 8 weeks (0.05, 0.1, 0.22, or 1.1 mg/m3). Plasma levels of inorganic arsenic, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) were measured following the last exposure. Although there was a dose-related increase in plasma levels of methylated arsenic metabolites, statistically significant increases in mean inorganic arsenic levels in plasma were observed only in male rabbits exposed to 0.22 mg/m3, and in both males and females exposed to 1.1 mg/m3. Mean inorganic arsenic levels in plasma in males and females exposed to 0.05 and 0.1 mg/m3, and females exposed to 0.22 mg/m3, were not significantly elevated compared to controls. These results suggest that arsenic inhalation has a negligible impact on body burden of inorganic arsenic until air levels are significantly elevated. Based on plasma measurements of inorganic arsenic, the two lowest exposure levels in this study (0.05 and 0.1 mg/m3) are indistinguishable from background.

Abstract P099: Association Between Arsenic And Heart Failure

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalaivani Sivakumar ◽  
Demilade Adedinsewo ◽  
Anekwe Onwuanyi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Urinary Arsenic ◽  
Monomethylarsonic Acid ◽  
Developing Heart ◽  
High Arsenic

Background: Heart failure is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in the United States. Arsenic, a ubiquitous element, found in drinking water, rice, flour and other grains, has been shown to play a role in the development of arrhythmias and coronary heart disease through vascular endothelial dysfunction and free radical injury. Studies have shown that arsenic induces interstitial myocardial fibrosis and we hypothesize that this may contribute to the development of heart failure. Methods: We conducted an analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012. Urinary arsenic was evaluated as a combination of inorganic arsenic, and methylated arsenic species (Monomethylarsonic acid and Dimethylarsinic acid) in microgram per gram of urine creatinine. We used a logistic regression model to evaluate the relationship between quartiles of urinary arsenic and heart failure while controlling for confounders. Analyses were conducted using SAS survey procedures and data evaluated at α=0.05. Results: The total number of study participants were 2065 adults with the mean age of 40.2 years, approximately half were male (48.8%) and 64.1% were white. There was no significant association between urinary arsenic measures and incidence of heart failure. Persons with high arsenic levels (>75th percentile) were less likely to develop heart failure after controlling for confounders. Conclusion: Our results show a statistically significant decrease in the odds of developing heart failure among persons with high arsenic levels (>24ug/g). This is in contrast to other studies, which have shown high arsenic levels to have a toxic effect on the heart. Limitations of our study include the inability to determine the chronicity of exposure and exclude persons with increased levels of organic arsenic from seafood, which are nontoxic. Additional observational and prospective studies are needed to further evaluate this association.

Evaluation of Arsenate Content of Rice and Rice Bran Purchased from Local Markets in the People's Republic of China

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHOUHUI DAI ◽  
HUI YANG ◽  
XUEFEI MAO ◽  
JING QIU ◽  
QUANJI LIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Total Arsenic ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Local Markets ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Monomethylarsonic Acid ◽  
The Difference

In previous studies, inorganic arsenic and total arsenic concentrations in rice bran have been much higher than those in polished rice obtained from the same whole paddy rice. However, the arsenic species distribution between rice and bran is still unknown, especially for arsenite (AsIII) and arsenate (AsV). To characterize the arsenic species in rice and bran and explain the elevated concentrations of inorganic arsenic and total arsenic, four arsenic species, AsIII, AsV, dimethylarsinic acid, and monomethylarsonic acid, were evaluated. Rice and bran samples (n = 108) purchased from local markets in the People's Republic of China were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with hydride generation and atomic fluorescence spectrometry and then microwave extraction. As expected, most of the arsenic was found in bran, with bran/rice ratios of 6.8 for total arsenic species and 6.4 for inorganic arsenic. Among four arsenic species, the maximum bran/rice ratio was 104.7 (335/3.2 μg kg−1) for AsV followed by 1.2 (69.2/56.1) for AsIII, 1.3 (6.7/5.2) for dimethylarsinic acid, and 4.0 (0.8/0.2) for monomethylarsonic acid. Thus, the large difference in arsenic concentration between rice and bran was mostly due to the difference in the AsV concentration, which account for 96 and 95% of the difference for total arsenic species and inorganic arsenic, respectively. Therefore, the possibility of AsV contamination in rice bran and its by-products needs more study. This study is the first in which concentrations of AsIII and AsV in rice and bran have been documented, revealing that a higher percentage of AsV occurs in bran than in rice.

Arsenic Speciation in Urine from Humans Intoxicated by Inorganic Arsenic Compounds

1985 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Lovell ◽  
J.G. Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Trioxide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Arsenic Speciation ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Monomethylarsonic Acid ◽  
Detoxification Mechanism

Trends in the urinary concentrations of the four arsenic species, pentavalent [As (V)] and trivalent [As (III)] inorganic arsenic, monomethylarsonic acid (MMAA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA), were followed for several days subsequent to the acute intoxication of two human subjects by arsenic trioxide [As (III)2O3] and sodium orthoarsenate [Na2HAs(V)O4.7H2O], respectively, in unsuccessful suicide attempts. Total arsenic concentrations ranged from 1.6 to 18.7 mg/l. The increasing predominance of the less toxic methylated species, especially DMAA, after 3 or 4 days supports the concept of methylation as a natural detoxification mechanism as part of an overall reduction/methylation sequence involved in the biotransformation of inorganic arsenic by the human body. However, the additional possibility of oxidation of As(III) to As(V) in vivo under extreme immediate postingestion conditions is suggested by initial high urinary As(V) after arsenic trioxide intoxication. Relative proportions of As(V), As(III), MMAA and DMAA in both cases probably reflect species-dependent differences in rates of direct elimination and reactivity with tissues as well as the efficiency of methylation.

Speciation and Determination of Inorganic Arsenic in Rice Using Liquid Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectrometry: Collaborative Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 946-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanori Ukena ◽  
Eri Matsumoto ◽  
Tsutomu Nishimura ◽  
Joanne Chan Sheot Harn ◽  
Ch'ng Ai Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Monomethylarsonic Acid ◽  
Inorganic As ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Rice Samples

Abstract An analytical method to speciate two inorganic As forms [arsenite, As(III) and arsenate, As(V)] in indica and japonica types of rice (both husked and polished) and determine the inorganic As concentration as the sum of these two was internationally validated. The method can additionally determine two organic As compounds, monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid, in rice as separate LC peaks. The method is based on LC separation and inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-MS detection. The method was evaluated through the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry/International Organization for Standardization/AOAC harmonized protocol. Sixteen laboratories from four countries participated in the study, and 13 laboratories returned valid data. Twenty test portions of 10 blind duplicates of indica and japonica type rice samples (both husked and polished) were used in this study. Repeatability RSD (RSDr) and reproducibility RSD (RSDR) were calculated at five concentrations of total inorganic As between 0.03 and 0.68 mg/kg. The RSDr was in a range of 3.8 to 7.7% and the RSDR was in a range of 10 to 36%. These performance characteristics were found to be sufficient for determination of inorganic As at or higher than 0.03 mg/kg. Applicability of the method was estimated to be in a range of 0.02–2.0 mg/kg.

scholarly journals On the Use of Hair Analysis for Assessing Arsenic Intoxication

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney A. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Screening Tool ◽  
Hair Analysis ◽  
Scalp Hair ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Monomethylarsonic Acid ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Arsenic Metabolites

Correlations between the concentrations of arsenic in scalp hair and in drinking water as well as in blood and/or urine have been reported. These correlations clearly show exposure–absorption–excretion relationships. In addition, arsenic metabolites such as monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid have been identified and quantified in these tissues and fluids, leaving little doubt that elevated levels of arsenic in the hair can reflect systemic arsenic intoxication. Consequently, hair analysis has potential merit as a screening procedure for poisoning by arsenic. However, questions regarding the exogenous versus the endogenous deposition of arsenic in the hair, and uncertainties about the normal level of arsenic in the hair remain unresolved. Pending their resolution, the determination of arsenic in hair should remain a screening tool, and clinical signs and symptoms should be employed to complete the diagnosis of arsenic poisoning.

Concentration of folic acid (FA) in serum of Japanese pregnant women

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-280
Author(s):  
Nathan Mise ◽  
Mayumi Ohtsu ◽  
Akihiko Ikegami ◽  
Yoko Hosoi ◽  
Yoshihiko Nakagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Japanese Pregnant Women

AbstractObjectivesExposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a world-wide health concern. We reported that Japanese children and pregnant women are exposed to moderate levels of iAs through food. Reducing iAs contamination from foods of high iAs is an important issue unique in Japan. Integrated iAs is methylated to less toxic organic forms, and S-adenosyl-L-methyonine (SAM), a common methyl-donor of DNA and histones, is utilized in this process. Chronic consumption of SAM by iAs metabolism due to exposure to iAs might alter the epigenetic modification of genome. The SAM biosynthesis pathway is dependent on folate cycle, and it is possible that ingestion of sufficient folic acid (FA) is protective to iAs induced toxicity.MethodsIn the course of our cross-sectional body burden analyses of Pb and iAs in Japanese children and pregnant women, termed “PbAs study”, FA concentration in serum of 104 pregnant women was measured.ResultsMean (±SEM) of serum FA concentration was 15.8 ± 1.3 (ng/mL). There are significant number of people showing very high FA (>30 ng/ mL), and large fraction of them were taking supplements daily.ConclusionsThese results suggested that level of FA ingestion of Japanese pregnant women is high for supporting normal fetal development.

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