Folic acid calls to poison centers in Texas, 1998–2003

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 423-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
M B Forrester
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Pteroylglutamic Acid ◽  
Poison Centers ◽  
B Vitamin ◽  
Adverse Affects

Folic acid (folacin, pteroylglutamic acid) is a mono-glutamate form of the water-soluble B vitamin that is involved in the synthesis of nucleotides and amino acids and the normal maturation of red blood cells. This study describes the folic acid calls received by Texas poison centers during 1998–2003. There were 650 calls involving folic acid as a single-ingredient product, of which 55.1% were human exposures. Children age B / 6 years accounted for 80.1% of the human exposures. Patients were managed outside of the health care facilities in 92.1% of the cases. Of those cases with a known medical outcome, 94.8% had no clinical effects. This study found folic acid exposures reported to poison centers were unlikely to have more than minor adverse affects.

Nutmeg intoxication in Texas, 1998–2004

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 563-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias B. Forrester
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Myristic Acid ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Benzene Derivatives ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Alkyl Benzene ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Poison Centers ◽  
History Of

Nutmeg is a spice that contains volatile oils comprised of alkyl benzene derivatives (myristicin, elemicin, safrole, etc.), terpenes and myristic acid. Nutmeg has a long history of abuse. This study describes the nutmeg ingestion calls received by Texas poison centers from 1998 to 2004. There were 17 calls involving nutmeg ingestion, of which 64.7% involved intentional abuse. When abuse and non-abuse ingestions were compared, abuse ingestions were more likely to involve males (100 versus 66.7%) and adolescents (55.6 versus 16.7%). The majority of both abuse and non-abuse calls were managed outside of health care facilities (54.5 and 66.7%, respectively). None of the ingestions resulted in more than moderate clinical effects or death.

Pattern of ziprasidone exposures reported to Texas poison centers, 2001–2005

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
MB Forrester
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Poison Control ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Poison Control Centers ◽  
Poison Centers ◽  
The Mean

Information on potentially adverse exposures to the atypical antipsychotic drug ziprasidone is limited. This study described the pattern of exposures involving only ziprasidone (isolated exposures) reported to Texas poison control centers during 2001–2005. The mean dose was 666 mg. The patient age distribution was ≤5 years (11%), 6–19 years (30%), and ≥20 years (60%). The exposures were intentional in 53% of the cases. Seventy-five percent of the exposures were managed at health care facilities. The final medical outcome was classified as no effect for 39% of the cases and minor effects for 40% of the cases. Adverse clinical effects were listed for 53% of the patients; the most frequently reported being neurological (42%), cardiovascular (13%), and gastrointestinal (5%). The most frequently listed treatment was decontamination by charcoal (34%) or cathartic (28%). Potentially adverse ziprasidone exposures reported to poison control centers are likely to involve management at a health care facility and involve some sort of adverse clinical effect. With proper treatment, the outcomes of such exposures are generally favorable.

Ion-transfer voltammetric determination of folic acid at meso-liquid–liquid interface arrays

The Analyst ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (8) ◽  
pp. 2823-2833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuheng Jiang ◽  
Kui Gao ◽  
Daopan Hu ◽  
Huanhuan Wang ◽  
Shujuan Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Voltammetric Determination ◽  
Ion Transfer ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Voltammetric Studies ◽  
B Vitamin

Voltammetric studies on the simple ion transfer (IT) behaviors of an important water-soluble B-vitamin, folic acid (FA), at the liquid–liquid (L–L) interface were firstly performed and applied as a novel detection method for FA under physiological conditions. This work provides a new and attractive strategy for the detection of FA− and other biological anions.

Celecoxib exposures reported to Texas poison control centers from 1999 to 2004

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
M B Forrester
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Poison Control ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Medical Outcome ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
Poison Control Centers ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
The Mean

Concerns have been raised about the safety of celecoxib. This study described the pattern of exposures involving only celecoxib (isolated exposures) reported to Texas poison control centers from 1999 to 2004. The mean dose was 701 mg. The patient age distribution was 5 / 5 years (48%), 6 / 19 years (8%), and 20 years (44%). In 78% of cases, exposure was unintentional. Of the exposures, 74% were managed outside of health care facilities. The final medical outcome was classified as no effect for 82% of the cases, and minor effects for 12% of the cases. Adverse clinical effects were listed for 5% of the patients, the most frequently reported being rash (3%), drowsiness (3%), pruritis (2%), and vomiting (2%). The most frequently listed treatment was decontamination by dilution (43%) or food (32%). The majority of isolated celecoxib exposures could be managed outside of health care facilities, and the outcome was generally favorable.

Neonicotinoid insecticide exposures reported to six poison centers in Texas

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
MB Forrester
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Dermal Irritation ◽  
Flea Control ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticide ◽  
Poison Centers

Neonicotinoids are a relatively newer class of insecticide. Used primarily in agriculture, neonicotinoids are also used for flea control in domestic animals. Information on human exposures to neonicotinoids is limited. Neonicotinoid exposures reported to Texas poison centers during 2000–2012 were identified and the distribution by selected factors examined. Of 1,142 total exposures, most products contained imidacloprid (77%) or dinotefuran (17%). The exposures were seasonal with half reported during May–August. The most common routes of exposure were ingestion (51%), dermal (44%), and ocular (11%). The distribution by patient age was 5 years or less (28%), 6–19 years (9%), 20 years or more (61%), and unknown (2%); and 64% of the patients were female. Of all, 97% of the exposures were unintentional and 97% occurred at the patient’s own residence. The management site was on-site (92%), already at/en route to a health care facility (6%), and referred to a health care facility (2%). The medical outcomes included no effect (22%), minor effect (11%), moderate effect (1%), not followed judged nontoxic (14%), not followed minimal effects (46%), unable to follow potentially toxic (1%), and unrelated effect (4%). The most commonly reported adverse clinical effects were ocular irritation (6%), dermal irritation (5%), nausea (3%), vomiting (2%), oral irritation (2%), erythema (2%), and red eye (2%). The most frequently reported treatments were dilution/wash (85%) and food (6%). In summary, these data suggest that the majority of neonicotinoid exposures reported to the poison centers may be managed outside of health care facilities with few clinical effects expected.

scholarly journals The Role of Folic Acid in the Management of Respiratory Disease Caused by COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Sheybani ◽  
Maryam Heydari Dokoohaki ◽  
Manica Negahdaripour ◽  
Mehdi Dehdashti ◽  
Hassan Zolghadr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Virus Surface ◽  
Respiratory Involvement ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Precursor Proteins ◽  
B Vitamin ◽  
Golgi Network ◽  
First Time

<p></p><p><b>Entrance of coronavirus into cells happens through the spike proteins on the virus surface, for which the spike protein should be cleaved into S1 and S2 domains. This cleavage is mediated by furin, which can specifically cleav</b><b>e</b><b> Arg-X-X-Arg↓ sites of the substrates. Furin, a member of proprotein convertases family, is moved from the trans-Golgi network to the cell membrane and activates many precursor proteins. A number of pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis, cancer, and viral infectious diseases, are linked with the impaired activity of this enzyme. </b></p> <p><b>Despite the urgent need to control COVID-19, no approved treatment is currently known. Here, folic acid (folate), a water-soluble B vitamin, is introduced for the first time for the inhibition of furin activity. As such, folic acid, as a safe drug, may help to prevent or alleviate the respiratory involvement associated with COVID-19. </b></p><br><p></p>

scholarly journals The Role of Folic Acid in the Management of Respiratory Disease Caused by COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Sheybani ◽  
Maryam Heydari Dokoohaki ◽  
Manica Negahdaripour ◽  
Mehdi Dehdashti ◽  
Hassan Zolghadr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Virus Surface ◽  
Respiratory Involvement ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Precursor Proteins ◽  
B Vitamin ◽  
Golgi Network ◽  
First Time

<p></p><p><b>Entrance of coronavirus into cells happens through the spike proteins on the virus surface, for which the spike protein should be cleaved into S1 and S2 domains. This cleavage is mediated by furin, which can specifically cleav</b><b>e</b><b> Arg-X-X-Arg↓ sites of the substrates. Furin, a member of proprotein convertases family, is moved from the trans-Golgi network to the cell membrane and activates many precursor proteins. A number of pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis, cancer, and viral infectious diseases, are linked with the impaired activity of this enzyme. </b></p> <p><b>Despite the urgent need to control COVID-19, no approved treatment is currently known. Here, folic acid (folate), a water-soluble B vitamin, is introduced for the first time for the inhibition of furin activity. As such, folic acid, as a safe drug, may help to prevent or alleviate the respiratory involvement associated with COVID-19. </b></p><br><p></p>

Human exposures to tilmicosin reported to poison centres, Texas, 1998-2003

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 275-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias B Forrester
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Macrolide Antibiotic ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Medical Outcomes ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
Parenteral Exposure ◽  
Route Of Exposure

Tilmicosin, or 20-deoxo-20-(3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)desmycosin, is a macrolide antibiotic primarily utilized in livestock. This study examined 46 human exposure calls involving tilmicosin received by Texas poison centres during 1998 - 2003. The majority (91%) of the calls were received from northern and central Texas. All of the cases were unintentional exposures. The most frequent route of exposure was parenteral (48%). The majority of the patients were males (80%) and adults (84%). Only 46% of the patients were managed outside of health care facilities. Some sort of adverse medical outcome was reported in 93% of parenteral exposures and 54% of other-route exposures. However, only 21% of parenteral exposures and 15% of other-route exposures involved medical outcomes that were judged to be moderate or worse. No deaths were reported. The most frequently reported clinical effects among parenteral cases were dermal (79%), while only 9% of other-route exposures had dermal effects. Cardiovascular clinical effects were observed in a single case of parenteral exposure and a single case of other-route exposure. Although the majority of cases were managed with the assistance of health care facilities, the medical outcomes were usually not serious. Outcome depended on the route of exposure.

Suicidal Behavior in Black South Africans

Crisis ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourens Schlebusch ◽  
Naseema B.M. Vawda ◽  
Brenda A. Bosch
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
South African Society ◽  
South Africans ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Black South Africans ◽  
To Come

Summary: In the past suicidal behavior among Black South Africans has been largely underresearched. Earlier studies among the other main ethnic groups in the country showed suicidal behavior in those groups to be a serious problem. This article briefly reviews some of the more recent research on suicidal behavior in Black South Africans. The results indicate an apparent increase in suicidal behavior in this group. Several explanations are offered for the change in suicidal behavior in the reported clinical populations. This includes past difficulties for all South Africans to access health care facilities in the Apartheid (legal racial separation) era, and present difficulties of post-Apartheid transformation the South African society is undergoing, as the people struggle to come to terms with the deleterious effects of the former South African racial policies, related socio-cultural, socio-economic, and other pressures.

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