Suicide following discharge from in-patient psychiatric care

The risk of suicide is higher during the period immediately following discharge from in-patient psychiatric care than at any other time in a service user's life. Demographic and clinical risk factors for suicide in this period are similar to those for suicide at other times and may not be specific enough to enable identification of those at greatest risk. Epidemiological studies suggest that factors related to service organisation and delivery (e.g. social support and continuity of care) are also important in the aetiology of suicide following hospital discharge. Interventions aimed at helping people in the period immediately following discharge from in-patient care have been developed. Although the effect of these interventions on suicidal behaviour has not been examined, available evidence suggests that efforts to increase patients' confidence and level of social support may be of value.

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Childhood abuse, pregnancy-related anxiety and the mediating role of resilience and social support

Journal of Health Psychology ◽

10.1177/1359105320968140 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 135910532096814

Author(s):

Robyn Brunton ◽

Tamara Wood ◽

Rachel Dryer

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Social Support ◽

Child Abuse ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Childhood Abuse ◽

Continuity Of Care ◽

Perceived Social Support ◽

Antenatal Screening ◽

Mediating Role

Physical, sexual and psychological abuse were examined as risk factors for pregnancy-related anxiety with resilience and social support as mediators. Pregnant women ( n = 638) completed measures of pregnancy-related anxiety, resilience, perceived social support and childhood abuse. Women with an abuse history had higher pregnancy-related anxiety scores ( m = 64.40) than other women ( m = 55.36). All abuse types independently predicted pregnancy-related anxiety; resilience and social support were mediators. Results highlight the value of antenatal screening for pregnancy-related anxiety including specific risk factors such as child abuse. Programs such as the Midwife Continuity of Care are useful in encouraging disclosure.

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Stress and Cancer in Dogs: Comparison Between a Population of Dogs Diagnosed with Cancer and a Control Population - A Pilot Study

Macedonian Veterinary Review ◽

10.1515/macvetrev-2016-0088 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 201-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Simona Cannas ◽

Greta Veronica Berteselli ◽

Patrizia Piotti ◽

Zita Talamonti ◽

Elisabetta Scaglia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Social Support ◽

Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Laboratory Tests ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Dogs ◽

As Stress ◽

Specific Reason

AbstractIt is widely accepted that psychological stress and mental illness can compromise the function of the immune system. Clinical and epidemiological studies on humans recognized that specific psychosocial factors, such as stress, chronic depression and lack of social support are risk factors for the development and progression of cancer. Unfortunately, most of the animals studies on this subject are based on laboratory tests performed on mice. This retrospective cohort study aims to analyze the relation between stress and tumor in pet dogs, by evaluating and comparing the stress level in two groups of 69 dogs each, balanced for sex and age: the oncologic group consists of dogs diagnosed with cancer and the control group consists of healthy dogs. Our results show that, before the cancer diagnosis, more dogs in the oncologic group faced changes in their household and routine as opposed to the control group (p<0.05). More dogs of the oncologic group than the control group also showed signs of stress and anxiety, before the cancer diagnosis (p<0.05). As reported by their owners, these included attention seeking, hiding without a specific reason, following the owner around the house, hyper-vigilance, fear of fireworks and gunshots, biting, aggression towards other dogs, licking and chewing excessively parts of their body. Our results are aligned with the evidence from human research, indicating that dogs with cancer are significantly more likely to have shown signs of stress compared to the control dogs during their life.

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CEREBRAL PALSY BIOMARKER

Physical and rehabilitation medicine, medical rehabilitation ◽

10.36425/rehab79386 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aleksandr S. Golota

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Genetic Susceptibility ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Copy Number Variations ◽

Clinical Risk Factors ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Clinical Risk ◽

New Findings ◽

Gene Expression Studies

Cerebral palsy is a neurological disorder that is attributed to non-progressive injury or malformation that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain. The motor disorders in cerebral palsy are often accompanied by disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition, communication, behaviour, and by epilepsy. Cerebral palsy is a complex disorder that is likely to be of multifactorial origin. Epidemiological studies have shown that the origins of most CP are prior to labor. A number of clinical risk factors for cerebral palsy have been described in the literature including preterm birth, low birth weight, inflammation, maternal infection during pregnancy and placenta pathology. Hypoxia at birth may be primary or secondary to preexisting pathology, but the currently known clinical risk factors do not explain the majority of cases. Many of these risk factors may have a genetic component. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms, DNA copy number variations and epigenetic patterns increase genetic susceptibility for cerebral palsy. Whole genome sequencing and gene expression studies may extend the percentage of cases with a genetic pathway. Clinical risk factors could act as triggers for CP where there is genetic susceptibility. These new findings should refocus research about the causes of these complex and varied neurodevelopmental disorders on the search for biomarkers of the risk of cerebral palsy. Genomics, proteomics and metabolomics have huge potential for deepening our understanding of many complex diseases by identifying diagnostic and prognostic panels of biomarkers, especially in various neurological disorders, including cerebral palsy.

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Suicide and suicidal behaviour

Mental Disorders in Primary Care ◽

10.1093/med/9780198746638.003.0012 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Erkki Isometsä

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Primary Care ◽

Substance Use ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Suicidal Behaviour ◽

Psychosocial Interventions ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Limited Information ◽

Psychological Autopsy ◽

Central Importance

Over 800 000 people are estimated to die worldwide by suicide. Based on psychological autopsy studies, nine out of ten subjects who die by suicide have likely suffered from a diagnosable mental disorder preceding death. Because primary health care in most countries provides services for the majority of patients with depressive or substance use disorders, this setting should be the first point of call for suicide prevention. However, despite this central importance, research on incidence and prevalence of suicide deaths, attempts, ideation, or risk factors for suicidal behaviour in primary care settings is quite limited. Information on risk factors is mostly extrapolated from psychiatric or general population epidemiological studies. For purposes of prevention, improving quality and continuity of care of depression and substance use disorders, as well as integrating brief psychosocial interventions into primary care to target suicidal behaviour, are factors of central importance.

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438 Predictive impact of clinical risk factors and the inducibility of ventricular fibrillation in patients with an asymptomatic Brugada-type ECG

EP Europace ◽

10.1016/s1099-5129(05)80290-9 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 98-98

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Ventricular Fibrillation ◽

Clinical Risk Factors ◽

Clinical Risk

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Family-, Media-, and School-Related Risk Factors of Video Game Addiction

Journal of Media Psychology Theories Methods and Applications ◽

10.1027/1864-1105/a000093 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 118-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Florian Rehbein ◽

Dirk Baier

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Video Game ◽

Age Groups ◽

Well Being ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

School Life ◽

Video Game Addiction ◽

Effective Prevention ◽

Game Addiction

In recent years, a variety of epidemiological studies have provided empirical data on the prevalence of video game addiction (GA) in different age groups. However, few studies investigated the causes of GA and could explain why video game playing as a widespread phenomenon leads to a comparatively small percentage of addicted players. Additionally, the existing longitudinal studies mainly consider psychological trait variables and neglect the possible explanatory value of predictors in socialization regarding media availability, media use, and family and everyday school life. In this paper, the results of a two-wave longitudinal study comprising a sample of students from Grades 4 to 9 (N = 406) are presented. The data show that 15-year-old video game addicts had already exhibited a number of specific risk factors at the age of 10. Students from single-parent families seem to be particularly at risk, as are students with low experienced school well-being and with a weaker social integration in class. The data also indicate that problematic use of video games in childhood increases the risk of GA in adolescence. Male students are especially vulnerable for developing GA. The results of this study are an important contribution to understanding risk factors for GA in adolescents, thereby laying the groundwork for effective prevention measures.

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