scholarly journals Temporal order of cancers and mental disorders in an adult population

BJPsych Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Cawthorpe ◽  
Marc Kerba ◽  
Aru Narendran ◽  
Harleen Ghuttora ◽  
Gabrielle Chartier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Disease Mechanism ◽  
Physician Billing

BackgroundPopulation-based examination of comorbidity is an emerging field of study.AimsThe purpose of the present population level study is to expand our understanding of how cancer and mental illness are temporally associated.MethodA sample of 83 648 056 physician billing records for 664 838 (56% female) unique individuals over the age of 18 was stratified on ages 19–49 years and 50+ years, with temporal order of mental disorder and cancer forming the basis of comparison.ResultsMental disorders preceded cancers for both genders within each age strata. The full range of cancers and mental disorders preceding or following each pivot ICD class are described in terms of frequency of diagnosis and duration in days, with specific examples illustrated.ConclusionsThe temporal comorbidity between specific cancers and mental disorders may be useful in screening or clinical planning and may represent indicators of disease mechanism that warrant further screening or investigation.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals The Intersection between Criminal Accusations, Victimization, and Mental Disorders: A Canadian Population-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 492-501
Author(s):  
Hygiea Casiano ◽  
Jennifer M. Hensel ◽  
Mariette J. Chartier ◽  
Okechukwu Ekuma ◽  
Leonard MacWilliam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Referent Group ◽  
Criminal Accusation

Objective: Understand the relationship between criminal accusations, victimization, and mental disorders at a population level using administrative data from Manitoba, Canada. Method: Residents aged 18 to 64 between April 1, 2007, and March 31, 2012 ( N = 793,024) with hospital- and physician-diagnosed mental disorders were compared to those without. Overall and per-person rates of criminal accusations and reported victimization in the 2011/2012 fiscal year were examined. Relative risks were calculated, adjusting for age, sex, income, and presence of a substance use disorder. The overlap between diagnosed mental disorders, accusations, and victimization with a χ2 test of independence was studied. Results: Twenty-four percent ( n = 188,693) of the population had a mental disorder over the 5-year time frame. Four to fifteen percent of those with a mental disorder had a criminal accusation, compared to 2.4% of the referent group. Individuals with mental disorders, especially psychotic or personality disorders, were often living in low-income, urban neighborhoods. The adjusted relative risk of accusations and victimization remained 2 to 5 times higher in those with mental disorders compared to the referent group. Criminal accusations and victimization were most prevalent among individuals with a history of attempted suicide (15.2% had an accusation and 8.1% were victims). The risk of victimization in the same year as a criminal accusation was significantly increased among those with mental disorders compared to those without (χ2 = 211.8, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Individuals with mental disorders are at elevated risk of both criminal involvement and victimization. The identification of these multiply-stigmatized individuals may lead to better intervention and support.

scholarly journals Latent profiles of early developmental vulnerabilities in a New South Wales child population at age 5 years

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 530-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa J Green ◽  
Stacy Tzoumakis ◽  
Kristin R Laurens ◽  
Kimberlie Dean ◽  
Maina Kariuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
New South ◽  
Criminal Offending ◽  
Parental History ◽  
South Wales ◽  
History Of

Objective: Detecting the early emergence of childhood risk for adult mental disorders may lead to interventions for reducing subsequent burden of these disorders. We set out to determine classes of children who may be at risk for later mental disorder on the basis of early patterns of development in a population cohort, and associated exposures gleaned from linked administrative records obtained within the New South Wales Child Development Study. Methods: Intergenerational records from government departments of health, education, justice and child protection were linked with the Australian Early Development Census for a state population cohort of 67,353 children approximately 5 years of age. We used binary data from 16 subdomains of the Australian Early Development Census to determine classes of children with shared patterns of Australian Early Development Census–defined vulnerability using latent class analysis. Covariates, which included demographic features (sex, socioeconomic status) and exposure to child maltreatment, parental mental illness, parental criminal offending and perinatal adversities (i.e. birth complications, smoking during pregnancy, low birth weight), were examined hierarchically within latent class analysis models. Results: Four classes were identified, reflecting putative risk states for mental disorders: (1) disrespectful and aggressive/hyperactive behaviour, labelled ‘misconduct risk’ ( N = 4368; 6.5%); (2) ‘pervasive risk’ ( N = 2668; 4.0%); (3) ‘mild generalised risk’ ( N = 7822; 11.6%); and (4) ‘no risk’ ( N = 52,495; 77.9%). The odds of membership in putative risk groups (relative to the no risk group) were greater among children from backgrounds of child maltreatment, parental history of mental illness, parental history of criminal offending, socioeconomic disadvantage and perinatal adversities, with distinguishable patterns of association for some covariates. Conclusion: Patterns of early childhood developmental vulnerabilities may provide useful indicators for particular mental disorder outcomes in later life, although their predictive utility in this respect remains to be established in longitudinal follow-up of the cohort.

Stigma and its impact on help-seeking for mental disorders: what do we know?

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Schomerus ◽  
Matthias C. Angermeyer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Professional Help ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Individual Discrimination ◽  
Stigma Of Mental Illness ◽  
Seeking Help

SummaryAims – Many people suffering from serious mental illness do not seek appropriate medical help. The stigma of mental illness has often been considered a potential cause for reluctance in seeking help. We review recent evidence on this topic. Methods – Narrative review of the recent literature on stigma and helpseeking for psychiatric disorders. Results – There is proof of a particular stigma attached to seeking help for a mental problem. Anticipated individual discrimination and discrimination qua self-stigmatisation are associated with a reduced readiness to seek professional help for mental disorders. Intervention studies show that destigmatisation may lead to increased readiness to seek professional help, but other aspects like knowledge about mental diseases seem to be at least as important. The belief that seeking help for a mental health problem is actually helpful has been shown to be at the core of help-seeking intentions and thus offers a promising target for information programmes. Population based time-trend studies show that public attitudes towards help-seeking have improved over the last decade. Discussion – The relationship between help-seeking intentions and actual help-seeking needs further exploration. While many studies have been able to relate attitudes to intentions, predicting actual help-seeking has proved more difficult.Declaration of Interest: None.

scholarly journals Associations between common mental disorders and the Mental Illness Needs Index in community settings

2007 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Fone ◽  
Frank Dunstan ◽  
Ann John ◽  
Keith Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Community Settings

BackgroundThe relationship between the Mental Illness Needs Index (MINI) and the common mental disorders is not known.AimsTo investigate associations between the small-area MINI score and common mental disorder at individual level.MethodMental health status was measured using the Mental Health Inventory of the Short Form 36 instrument (SF-36). Data from the Caerphilly Health and Social Needs population survey were analysed in multilevel models of 10 653 individuals aged 18–74 years nested within the 2001 UK census geographies of 110 lower super output areas and 33 wards.ResultsThe MINI score was significantly associated with common mental disorder after adjusting for individual risk factors. This association was stronger at the smaller spatial scale of the lower super output area and for individuals who were permanently sick or disabled.ConclusionsThe MINI is potentially useful for small-area needs assessment and service planning for common mental disorder in community settings.

scholarly journals Pre-Existing Mental Disorder, Clinical Profile, Inpatient Services, And Costs in People Hospitalised Following Traumatic Spinal Injury: A Population Record-Linkage Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Nicole Sharwood ◽  
Taneal Wiseman ◽  
Emma Tseris ◽  
Kate Curtis ◽  
Bharat Vaikuntam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Dual Diagnosis ◽  
Record Linkage ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Linkage Study ◽  
Icd 10

IntroductionRisk of traumatic injury is increased in individuals with mental illness, substance use disorder and dual diagnosis (mental disorders); these conditions will pre-exist among individuals hospitalised with acute traumatic spinal injury (TSI). Although early intervention can improve outcomes for people who experience mental disorders or TSI, the incidence, management, and cost of this often complex comorbid health profile is not sufficiently understood. Objectives and ApproachIn a whole-population cohort of patients hospitalised with acute TSI, we aimed to describe the prevalence of pre-existing mental disorders, and compare differences in injury epidemiology, costs and inpatient allied health service access. Record-linkage study of all hospitalised cases of TSI between June 2013 and June 2016 in New South Wales, Australia. TSI was defined by specific ICD-10-AM codes. Mental disorder status was considered as pre-existing where specific ICD-10-AM codes were recorded in incident admissions. Results13,489 individuals sustained acute TSI during this study. 13.11%, 6.06%, and 1.82% had pre-existing mental illness, substance use disorder, and dual diagnosis, respectively. Individuals with mental disorder were older (p<0.001), more likely to have had a fall or self-harmed (p<0.001), experienced almost twice the length of stay and inpatient complications, and increased injury severity compared to individuals without mental disorder (p<0.001). Conclusion / ImplicationsIndividuals hospitalised for TSI with pre-existing mental disorder have greater likelihood of increased injury severity and more complex, costly acute care admissions compared to individuals without mental disorder. Care pathway optimisation including prevention of hospital acquired complications for people with pre-existing mental disorders hospitalised for TSI is warranted.

Does Ethnicity Affect Need for Mental Health Service Among New Zealand Prisoners?

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 728-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander I. F. Simpson ◽  
Philip M. Brinded ◽  
Nigel Fairley ◽  
Tannis M. Laidlaw ◽  
Fiona Malcolm
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Female Prisoners ◽  
Male Prisoners

Objective: The National Study on Psychiatric Morbidity in New Zealand Prisons identified undiagnosed mental illness and unmet treatment needs for mentally disordered offenders. As approximately 50% of prisoners are of Maori and 8.3% Pacific Island ethnicity, we analyzed the data to determine if there were any differences in the rates of major mental disorders between ethnic groups. Method: A census of all female prisoners, all remand male prisoners and an 18% random sample of the sentenced male prisoners were interviewed employing the diagnostic interview for mental illness (CIDI-A), screening diagnostic interview for relevant personality disorders (PDQ) and suicide screening questions. Self-identified ethnicity was recorded. Ethnic groups were compared for sociodemographic variables, morbidity for mental disorder, treatment experience and suicidality. Results: The ethnic groups were largely similar in age and current prevalence for mental disorders, although there was some evidence of differing sociodemographic factors, especially younger age among the Maori prisoners. Maori report fewer suicidal thoughts, but acted suicidally at the same rate as non-Maori. Treatment for mental disorder was less common among Maori and Pacific Island prisoners than others, both in prison and in the community. Conclusion: Criminogenic factors present in the developmental histories of prisoners might also increase the risk of mental disorders. Ethnic groups were not different in the rate at which they manifest mental disorders in the face of such factors. Younger prisoners were disproportionately more likely to be of Maori or Pacific Island ethnicity. Both prior to and after entry to prison, services must improve responsiveness to Maori and Pacific Island people.

Mind Matters: a psychoeducation programme for individuals with intellectual disabilities and co-morbid diagnoses of mental disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Ashworth ◽  
Krista Jansen ◽  
Lydia Bullock ◽  
Paul Mooney
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Group Members

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe a feasibility study into the development and pilot of a psychoeducational group for people with intellectual disability and co-morbid mental disorder (including mental illness and personality disorder) within forensic settings. Design/methodology/approach “Mind Matters”, a psychoeducational programme for people with an intellectual disability and co-morbid mental disorders is a group based programme in a medium secure hospital, adapted and developed to be suitable for people with intellectual disability therapist multidisciplinary approach was key to its development. An open group on a 16-bedded ward for individuals with mild to moderate intellectual disability and co-morbid mental illness was delivered over a six-week period. Findings The group was positively received in pilot by participants and members of the clinical teams. Attendance and engagement of participants were key measures of the success of the programme. In addition to the apparent increased social skills and motivation to engage with future psychological intervention. Practical implications The authors believe that this approach benefitted both the group members and staff on ward, reinforcing strategies for maintaining positive mental health. It also stimulated engagement, discussion about mental disorders including mental illness, personality disorder and intellectual disabilities. Originality/value This paper shows how a psychoeducational approach to mental disorder and mental health in individuals with an intellectual disability is possible, beneficial and well received.

scholarly journals Sickness benefit claims due to mental disorders in Brazil: associations in a population-based study

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1854-1866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anadergh Barbosa-Branco ◽  
Ute Bültmann ◽  
Ivan Steenstra
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Work Disability ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sickness Benefit ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Over 40 Years

This study aims to determine the prevalence and duration of sickness benefit claims due to mental disorders and their association with economic activity, sex, age, work-relatedness and income replacement using a population-based study of sickness benefit claims (> 15 days) due to mental disorders in Brazil carried out in 2008. The prevalence of mental disorders was 45.1 claims per 10,000 workers. Prevalence and duration of sickness benefit claims due to mental disorder were higher and longer in workers aged over 40 years. Prevalence of claims was 73% higher in women but duration of sickness benefit claims was longer in men. Prevalence rates for claims differed widely according to economic activity, with sewage, residential care and programming and broadcasting activities showing the highest rates. Claims were deemed to be work-related in 8.5% of cases with mental disorder showing low work-relatedness in Brazil. A wide variation of prevalence and duration between age, economic activity and work-relatedness was observed, suggesting that working conditions are a more important factor in mental disorder work disability than previously assumed.

scholarly journals Biogenetic explanations and public acceptance of mental illness: Systematic review of population studies

2011 ◽  
Vol 199 (5) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias C. Angermeyer ◽  
Anita Holzinger ◽  
Mauro G. Carta ◽  
Georg Schomerus
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
General Public ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
People With Mental Illness

BackgroundBiological or genetic models of mental illness are commonly expected to increase tolerance towards people with mental illness, by reducing notions of responsibility and blame.AimsTo investigate whether biogenetic causal attributions of mental illness among the general public are associated with more tolerant attitudes, whether such attributions are related to lower perceptions of guilt and responsibility, to what extent notions of responsibility are associated with rejection of people who are mentally ill, and how prevalent notions of responsibility are among the general public with regard to different mental disorders.MethodA systematic review was conducted of representative population studies examining attitudes towards people with mental illness and beliefs about such disorders.ResultsWe identified 33 studies relevant to this review. Generally, biogenetic causal attributions were not associated with more tolerant attitudes; they were related to stronger rejection in most studies examining schizophrenia. No published study reported on associations of biogenetic causal attributions and perceived responsibility. The stereotype of self-responsibility was unrelated to rejection in most studies. Public images of mental disorder are generally dominated by the stereotypes of unpredictability and dangerousness, whereas responsibility is less relevant.ConclusionsBiogenetic causal models are an inappropriate means of reducing rejection of people with mental illness.

scholarly journals The Role of Family and Community in The Treatment of Mental Disorder Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-005
Author(s):  
Tutut Pujianto ◽  
Retno Ardanari Agustin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Family Role ◽  
Health Treatment ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Individual

Mental health is an integral part of health, and a condition that affects the physical, mental, and  social  development  of  the  individual  optimally.  Mental  disorder  is  disturbances  in:  cognitive, volition, emotion (affective), and actions (psychomotor). Mental disorder is a collection of abnormal circumstances, whether physically related, or mentally. It is divided into two groups, namely: mental disorder  (neurosis)  and  mental  illness  (psychosis).  Mental  disorder  is  caused  by  some  of  the  above causes affected simultaneously or coincidence occurs. The purpose of this study was to increase the role of family and society in the treatment of mental disorder patients which was consequently could reduce the number of mental disorders patients This research used obsevational design with descriptive analy- sis. The subjects were family members who treat mental disorder patients as much as 16 respondents. The data collection was done in October 2012. The family role data grouped into appropriate and inappro- priate  category.  The  research  found  that  11  people  (68.75%)  in  the  category  of  inappropriate,  and appropriate by 5 people (31.25%), with average family role of 63.19%. The higher of inappropriate category was because 9 respondents (56.25%) in the age of elderly (> 50 years). This condition caused a decrease in the ability to perform daily activities, including health treatment. There were 4 patients who have been treated for 7-14 years, so the family feels accustomed to the condition of the patient. There were 8 people (50%) in productive age treated the patients, so it could not be done continuously. Based on these conditions, there should be efforts to increase knowledge and willingness of the patients and families, in caring for patients with mental disorders. The examples of such activities were to consult with the nearest health employees, and report to the health worker if there is a risky condition immedi- ately.

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