scholarly journals Influence of antidepressants on plasma levels of nitric oxide metabolites in patients with major depressive disorder

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuko Ikenouchi ◽  
Naomichi Okamoto ◽  
Yusuke Konno ◽  
Rintaro Fujii ◽  
Yoshihisa Fujino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Group A ◽  
Nitric Oxide Metabolites

The impairment of endothelial function by reduced endothelial production of nitric oxide (NO) may contribute to the increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease in patients with depression. NO also plays an essential role in the efficacy of antidepressants. The present study aimed to confirm our previous preliminary findings using a larger sample and different antidepressants. We enrolled 100 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 50 healthy controls. Patients were administered sertraline, duloxetine or mirtazapine and were followed up for 8 weeks. We also compared the rate of increase in plasma levels of metabolites of NO (NOx) among the three antidepressant treatments. Baseline plasma NOx levels were significantly lower in the MDD group than in the control group. A negative correlation was found between plasma NOx levels and the severity of MDD. Treatment with duloxetine significantly increased plasma NOx levels, whereas sertraline treatment caused no significant increase.

scholarly journals Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder in offspring of parents with depression and bipolar disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 210 (6) ◽  
pp. 408-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Propper ◽  
Jill Cumby ◽  
Victoria C. Patterson ◽  
Vladislav Drobinin ◽  
Jacqueline M. Glover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Family History ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mood Dysregulation

BackgroundIt has been suggested that offspring of parents with bipolar disorder are at increased risk for disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD), but the specificity of this association has not been established.AimsWe examined the specificity of DMDD to family history by comparing offspring of parents with (a) bipolar disorder, (b) major depressive disorder and (c) a control group with no mood disorders.MethodWe established lifetime diagnosis of DMDD using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children for DSM-5 in 180 youth aged 6–18 years, including 58 offspring of parents with bipolar disorder, 82 offspring of parents with major depressive disorder and 40 control offspring.ResultsDiagnostic criteria for DMDD were met in none of the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder, 6 of the offspring of parents with major depressive disorder and none of the control offspring. DMDD diagnosis was significantly associated with family history of major depressive disorder.ConclusionsOur results suggest that DMDD is not specifically associated with a family history of bipolar disorder and may be associated with parental depression.

scholarly journals The overlap of genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia and cardiometabolic disease can be used to identify metabolically different groups of individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rona J. Strawbridge ◽  
Keira J. A. Johnston ◽  
Mark E. S. Bailey ◽  
Damiano Baldassarre ◽  
Breda Cullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractUnderstanding why individuals with severe mental illness (Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder) have increased risk of cardiometabolic disease (including obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease), and identifying those at highest risk of cardiometabolic disease are important priority areas for researchers. For individuals with European ancestry we explored whether genetic variation could identify sub-groups with different metabolic profiles. Loci associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder from previous genome-wide association studies and loci that were also implicated in cardiometabolic processes and diseases were selected. In the IMPROVE study (a high cardiovascular risk sample) and UK Biobank (general population sample) multidimensional scaling was applied to genetic variants implicated in both psychiatric and cardiometabolic disorders. Visual inspection of the resulting plots used to identify distinct clusters. Differences between these clusters were assessed using chi-squared and Kruskall-Wallis tests. In IMPROVE, genetic loci associated with both schizophrenia and cardiometabolic disease (but not bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder) identified three groups of individuals with distinct metabolic profiles. This grouping was replicated within UK Biobank, with somewhat less distinction between metabolic profiles. This work focused on individuals of European ancestry and is unlikely to apply to more genetically diverse populations. Overall, this study provides proof of concept that common biology underlying mental and physical illness may help to stratify subsets of individuals with different cardiometabolic profiles.

scholarly journals Preventive Effect of Liothyronine on Electroconvulsive Therapy-Induced Memory Deficit in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Double-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Mohagheghi ◽  
Asghar Arfaie ◽  
Shahrokh Amiri ◽  
Masoud Nouri ◽  
Salman Abdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Memory Deficit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
The Impact

Introduction and Objective. Despite the effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in treating major depressive disorder (MDD), its cognitive side effects make it less popular. This study investigated the impact of liothyronine on ECT-induced memory deficit in patients with MDD.Methodology. This is a double-blind clinical trial, in which 60 patients with MDD who were referred for ECT were selected. The diagnosis was based on the criteria of DSM-IV-TR. Patients were divided randomly into two groups to receive either liothyronine (50 mcg every morning) or placebo. After the assessment with Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) before first session of ECT, posttests were repeated again, two months after the completion of ECT.Findings. By controlling the pretest scores, the mean scores of the experimental group were higher than the control group in delayed recall, verbal memory, visual memory, general memory, and attention/concentration scales (P<0.05).Conclusion. Liothyronine may prevent ECT-induced memory impairment in patients with MDD. This study has been registered in IRCT underIRCT201401122660N2.

Optical Coherence Tomography and Pattern Electroretinography Changes in Egyptian Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa S ElShaarawi ◽  
Ayman A Gaafar ◽  
Hisham S. Saad Eldin ◽  
Randa H Ali
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pattern Electroretinography

Abstract Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder that affects nearly 11.1-14.6 % of the population in their lifetime. Pathophysiology and brain imaging findings show that degenerative and inflammatory processes may play a role. Meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies in MDD demonstrated significant gray matter loss. From anatomical and embryological perspectives, the retina can be considered a unique extension of the brain and is able to reflect axonal histopathology. Being unmyelinated, it can provide insight into the pathophysiological processes of diseases with a neurodegenerative element. Aim to compare retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters in a group of MDD patients with a healthy control group and to correlate OCT parameters with pattern electroretinography (PERG) parameters. Method a controlled cross sectional study was conducted on 30 MDD patients and 28 age and sex matched controls. Both groups had a full ophthalmological examination, OCT imaging and 7 patients and 11 controls have PERG recorded. Results Thinning of the superior retinal nerve fiber layer, thinning of most of the ganglion cell inner plexiform (GCIP) layer, thinning of most of the macular thickness and thinning of macular volume in both eyes were detected. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the left GCIP layer and the amplitude of the N95 wave. Also a statistically significant negative correlation existed between MDD duration in years with the left eye's average volume of the outer ring of the macula. Conclusion Significant retinal changes were detected by OCT in MDD patients supporting the theory of neurodegeneration as a pathophysiology of MDD.

THE PATTERN OF IRRATIONAL BELIEFS ASSOCIATED WITH MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyne Prud'homme ◽  
Pierre Barron
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Irrational Belief ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Normal Controls

In light of Rational-Emotive Theory, this study was undertaken to determine the pattern of irrational beliefs underlying Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). A total of 126 subjects (50 males, 76 females) volunteered to participate. Patients clinically diagnosed with MDD (unipolar type) and a control group of non-depressed patients were solicited from the inpatient and outpatient facilities of several Ottawa and Montreal hospitals; the normal control group comprised students and civil servants. The subjects completed questionnaires to measure irrational belief endorsement (IBT, RBI) and symptom severity (STAI, BDI) and to verify the depression diganosis (IDD). Multivariate statistics were used to determine the pattern of beliefs which best discriminates between the MDD group, the psychiatric control group, and the normal controls. Discriminant analysis of the IBT revealed a pattern of four irrational beliefs generally known as demand for approval, frustration reactivity, anxious overconcern, and helplessness over past. The implications of such findings for RET theory are discussed.

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