P.1.237 Hypoalbuminemia in patients with major depressive disorder compared with a dietary matched control group: A clinical meaning beyond malnutrition

The impairment of endothelial function by reduced endothelial production of nitric oxide (NO) may contribute to the increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease in patients with depression. NO also plays an essential role in the efficacy of antidepressants. The present study aimed to confirm our previous preliminary findings using a larger sample and different antidepressants. We enrolled 100 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 50 healthy controls. Patients were administered sertraline, duloxetine or mirtazapine and were followed up for 8 weeks. We also compared the rate of increase in plasma levels of metabolites of NO (NOx) among the three antidepressant treatments. Baseline plasma NOx levels were significantly lower in the MDD group than in the control group. A negative correlation was found between plasma NOx levels and the severity of MDD. Treatment with duloxetine significantly increased plasma NOx levels, whereas sertraline treatment caused no significant increase.

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Preventive Effect of Liothyronine on Electroconvulsive Therapy-Induced Memory Deficit in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Double-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/503918 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Arash Mohagheghi ◽

Asghar Arfaie ◽

Shahrokh Amiri ◽

Masoud Nouri ◽

Salman Abdi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽

Visual Memory ◽

Memory Deficit ◽

Control Group ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Double Blind ◽

The Impact

Introduction and Objective. Despite the effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in treating major depressive disorder (MDD), its cognitive side effects make it less popular. This study investigated the impact of liothyronine on ECT-induced memory deficit in patients with MDD.Methodology. This is a double-blind clinical trial, in which 60 patients with MDD who were referred for ECT were selected. The diagnosis was based on the criteria of DSM-IV-TR. Patients were divided randomly into two groups to receive either liothyronine (50 mcg every morning) or placebo. After the assessment with Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) before first session of ECT, posttests were repeated again, two months after the completion of ECT.Findings. By controlling the pretest scores, the mean scores of the experimental group were higher than the control group in delayed recall, verbal memory, visual memory, general memory, and attention/concentration scales (P<0.05).Conclusion. Liothyronine may prevent ECT-induced memory impairment in patients with MDD. This study has been registered in IRCT underIRCT201401122660N2.

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Optical Coherence Tomography and Pattern Electroretinography Changes in Egyptian Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcab109.023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Mostafa S ElShaarawi ◽

Ayman A Gaafar ◽

Hisham S. Saad Eldin ◽

Randa H Ali

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Control Group ◽

Ophthalmological Examination ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Fiber Layer ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pattern Electroretinography

Abstract Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder that affects nearly 11.1-14.6 % of the population in their lifetime. Pathophysiology and brain imaging findings show that degenerative and inflammatory processes may play a role. Meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies in MDD demonstrated significant gray matter loss. From anatomical and embryological perspectives, the retina can be considered a unique extension of the brain and is able to reflect axonal histopathology. Being unmyelinated, it can provide insight into the pathophysiological processes of diseases with a neurodegenerative element. Aim to compare retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters in a group of MDD patients with a healthy control group and to correlate OCT parameters with pattern electroretinography (PERG) parameters. Method a controlled cross sectional study was conducted on 30 MDD patients and 28 age and sex matched controls. Both groups had a full ophthalmological examination, OCT imaging and 7 patients and 11 controls have PERG recorded. Results Thinning of the superior retinal nerve fiber layer, thinning of most of the ganglion cell inner plexiform (GCIP) layer, thinning of most of the macular thickness and thinning of macular volume in both eyes were detected. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the left GCIP layer and the amplitude of the N95 wave. Also a statistically significant negative correlation existed between MDD duration in years with the left eye's average volume of the outer ring of the macula. Conclusion Significant retinal changes were detected by OCT in MDD patients supporting the theory of neurodegeneration as a pathophysiology of MDD.

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THE PATTERN OF IRRATIONAL BELIEFS ASSOCIATED WITH MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.1992.20.3.199 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 199-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lyne Prud'homme ◽

Pierre Barron

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Discriminant Analysis ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Irrational Beliefs ◽

Irrational Belief ◽

Normal Control Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Normal Controls

In light of Rational-Emotive Theory, this study was undertaken to determine the pattern of irrational beliefs underlying Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). A total of 126 subjects (50 males, 76 females) volunteered to participate. Patients clinically diagnosed with MDD (unipolar type) and a control group of non-depressed patients were solicited from the inpatient and outpatient facilities of several Ottawa and Montreal hospitals; the normal control group comprised students and civil servants. The subjects completed questionnaires to measure irrational belief endorsement (IBT, RBI) and symptom severity (STAI, BDI) and to verify the depression diganosis (IDD). Multivariate statistics were used to determine the pattern of beliefs which best discriminates between the MDD group, the psychiatric control group, and the normal controls. Discriminant analysis of the IBT revealed a pattern of four irrational beliefs generally known as demand for approval, frustration reactivity, anxious overconcern, and helplessness over past. The implications of such findings for RET theory are discussed.

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The effects of intramuscular administration of scopolamine augmentation in moderate to severe major depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology ◽

10.1177/2045125320938556 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 204512532093855

Author(s):

Jingjing Zhou ◽

Jian Yang ◽

Xuequan Zhu ◽

Tarek Zghoul ◽

Lei Feng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Dose Group ◽

Response Rate ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Control Group ◽

Placebo Control ◽

High Dose ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Double Blind

Introduction: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common affective disorder. Currently established pharmacotherapies lack rapid clinical response, thereby limiting their ability to bring instant relief to patients. A series of clinical trials has demonstrated the antidepressant effects of scopolamine, yet few have studied the effects of add-on scopolamine to currently available antidepressants. It is not known whether conventional antidepressant treatment with a 3-day scopolamine injection could speed up oral antidepressant efficacy. The main focus of this study is to detect the capacity of the rapid-onset efficacy of such a treatment option. Methods and analysis: This study consisted of a single-centre, double-blind, three-arm randomized trial with a 4-week follow-up period. Sixty-six participants meeting entry criteria were randomly allocated to three treatment groups: a high-dose group, a low-dose group and a placebo control group. Psychiatric rating scales were administered at baseline and seven viewing points following the administration of intramuscular injections. The primary outcome measure was length of time from randomization (baseline) to early improvement. Results: Both primary and secondary outcome measures consistently showed no differences among the three groups. The cumulative response rate and the remission rate were 72.7% (48/66) and 47.0% (31/66). Intramuscular scopolamine treatment was relatively well tolerated. Two subjects with high-dose injections dropped out because of a drug-related side effect. Conclusion: Contrary to our prediction, we found that, compared to placebo (0.9% saline i.m.), scopolamine was not associated with a significantly faster antidepressant response rate. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03131050. Registered on 18 April 2017.

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Employment and earnings trajectories before and after sickness absence due to major depressive disorder: a nationwide case–control study

Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.1136/oemed-2020-106660 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. oemed-2020-106660

Author(s):

Christian Hakulinen ◽

Petri Böckerman ◽

Laura Pulkki-Råback ◽

Marianna Virtanen ◽

Marko Elovainio

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Sickness Absence ◽

Lower Probability ◽

Control Group ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Earnings Losses ◽

Before And After ◽

History Of ◽

And Gender

ObjectivesTo examine employment and earnings trajectories before and after the first sickness absence period due to major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodsAll individuals (n=158 813) in Finland who had a first sickness absence period (lasting longer than 9 days) due to MDD between 2005 and 2015 were matched with one randomly selected individual of the same age and gender with no history of MDD. Employment status and earnings were measured using register-based data annually from 2005 to 2015. Generalised estimating equations were used to examine the trajectories of employment and earnings before and after MDD diagnosis in men and women separately.ResultsSickness absence due to MDD was associated with increased probability of non-employment during and after the year of the first sickness absence period. In men, but not in women, the probability of being employed was lower 5 years before the sickness absence period due to MDD. When compared with the individuals in the control group, men had around 34% and women 15% lower earnings 1 year, and 40% and 23%, respectively, 5 years, after the first sickness absence period due to MDD. More severe MDD and longer duration of sickness absence period were associated with lower probability of being employed.ConclusionsSickness absence due to MDD was associated with considerable reduction in employment and earnings losses. For men and individuals with more severe MDD, this reduction was before the first sickness period. This supports a reciprocal association between employment and earnings with MDD.

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Deficient testosterone levels in men above 45 years with major depressive disorder - an age-matched case control study

South African Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v13i3.21 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

A M Dikobe ◽

C W Van Staden ◽

S Reif ◽

M Bornman

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Serum Testosterone ◽

Control Group ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Age Related ◽

Appropriate Treatment ◽

Matched Case

Background. Symptoms of partial androgen deficiency in ageing men (PADAM) overlap considerably with those of major depressive disorder. The relationship between these conditions is complicated by the usual age-related decline in serum testosterone concentrations.Objectives. To test the hypothesis that depressed men above 45 years of age have lower serum testosterone concentrations than age-matched controls.Method. Serum testosterone fractions of 20 men above the age of 45 years suffering from a major depressive disorder were compared with those of 20 healthy men. An age-matched controlled design was used to account for the usual age-related decline in serum testosterone concentrations.Results. Testosterone concentrations of men suffering from a major depressive disorder were statistically significantly lower than those of an age-matched control group without depression. Conclusion. The role of testosterone deficiency in depressed men needs to be examined further in order for appropriate treatment options to be developed.

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Escitalopram in Treatment of Sleep Disturbances in Major Depressive Disorder

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70865-x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (S1) ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

N. Zivkovic ◽

G. Djokic ◽

D. Pavicevic ◽

V. Ilic

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Control Group ◽

Major Depressive ◽

High Statistical Significance ◽

Experimental Group

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is common and severe affective disorder with sleep disturbances and non-bizarre delusions which are organized in permanent and unshakeable delusional system. Neurobiological basis of MDD is still completely unknown, but significant role has serotoninergic and noradrenergic neuronal systems. Escitalopram is highly potent and highly selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor.Purpose of this study was to estimate efficacy of the escitalopram in treatment of sleep disturbances in MDD.Methods:This prospective clinical study included 95 patients diagnosed by ICD-10 criteria for MDD, who are randomly divided into control (30 patients) and experimental group (65 patients). Patients were observed for 6 months in hospital and outpatients conditions, according to specially designed protocol, which included Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Leeds Sleeping Evaluation Questionnaire (LSEQ). Control group was treated with maprotiline (75-150 mg/24h) and experimental group with escitalopram (10-20 mg/24h).Results:Escitalopram therapy influenced on HAMD score with high statistical significance vs. maprotiline, p=0.000. Escitalopram therapy improves LSEQ score after 6 months in comparison to maprotiline therapy with high statistical significance p=0.000. Percentage of adverse effects is significantly lower in escitalopram (10.76%) than in maprotiline (26.67%) group.Conclusion:Escitalopram has significantly better efficacy and lower adverse effects rate in treatment of depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances in MDD patients comparing to maprotiline.

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